scholarly journals Hobbes and Spinoza on Sovereign Education

Philosophies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Boleslaw Z. Kabala ◽  
Thomas Cook
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
Civil Religion ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Baruch Spinoza ◽  
Natural Right ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Difference

Most comparisons of Thomas Hobbes and Baruch Spinoza focus on the difference in understanding of natural right. We argue that Hobbes also places more weight on a rudimentary and exclusive education of the public by the state. We show that the difference is related to deeper disagreements over the prospect of Enlightenment. Hobbes is more sanguine than Spinoza about using the state to make people rational. Spinoza considers misguided an overemphasis on publicly educating everyone out of superstition—public education is important, but modes of superstition may remain and must be offset by institutions and a civil religion. The differences are confirmed by Spinoza’s interest in the philosopher who stands apart and whose flourishing may be protected, but not simply brought about, by rudimentary public education. Spinoza’s openness to a wisdom-loving elite in a democracy also sets up an interesting parallel with Thomas Jefferson’s own commitment to the natural aristocracy needed to sustain republicanism. In demonstrating the 17th century philosopher’s skepticism toward using the state exclusively to promote rationality, even as he recognizes the importance of a sovereign pedagogical role and the protection of philosophy, we move to suggest that Spinoza is relevant to contemporary debates about public education and may reinvigorate moral and political discourse in a liberal democracy.

THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE PUBLIC EDUCATION OF THE SURKHAN OASIS(ON EXAMPLE IN THEYEARS OF INDEPENDENCE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Sabohat B. Radjabova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Role Of Women

It is scientifically analyzed information about the activity of women in the education system of Surkhandarya region in the period of independence years and their achievements in this field through statistical data with examples over the years in this article. It is emphasized that the state pays attention to the work activities of selfless women, who have been awarded many medals and medals in this region, such as the Medal of “Shukhrat”, the Order of “Saglom avlod uchun”, the title of "Xalk ta`limi a`lochisi", is also mentioned separately

scholarly journals RELAÇÃO PÚBLICO-PRIVADA E PRECARIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO: UM ENSAIO TEÓRICO

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (Especial 2) ◽  
pp. 572-577
Author(s):  
João Gomes Moreira ◽  
Fernanda Aparecida Augusto ◽  
Irene Caires da Silva ◽  
Maria Elisa Nogueira Oliveira ◽  
Tatiana Veiga Uzeloto
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Third Way ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social

This article aims to discuss the dismantling that the neoliberal proposals have been making in relation to social policies, which the State, in fulfillment of its duty, should provide for the wellbeing of the population, in a democratic way. It was sought to clarify that the public-private relationship is nothing more than a major strategy of capital to create and expand new market niches to overcome the cyclical crisis of capitalism, always presented with new clothes in the mutations that are processed, to reduce the effects of the inevitable in the social asphyxiation that eventually generated great revolutions recorded in its historical process. This article is of bibliographic character, where information was sought in doctrines, periodicals, specialized magazines, official websites and others. Finally, it was a brief diagnosis of the current situation of the Brazilian public education that, from the third way, has been incorporating new forms of action based on the logic of the market.

scholarly journals A posição dos professores sobre o Ensino Religioso numa escola pública de Ensino Fundamental em Pinheiro-MA

2021 ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
JACIMARA SARGES ABREU ◽  
JOSÉ BENEVIDES QUEIROZ
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
The Public ◽  
Methodological Research ◽  
Research Procedure

 Este artigo aborda o tema Ensino Religioso na educação pública brasileira. Tem-se como objetivo descrever o posicionamento dos professores sobre a presença do Ensino Religioso na Escola Pública Municipal Pesquisada (EPMP), em Pinheiro, município do estado do Maranhão. Para isso, optou-se pelo estudo de caso, como procedimento metodológico de pesquisa, e as entrevistas, como instrumento para a coleta de dados. Ressalta-se que, dos 14 professores da EPMP, definidos para as entrevistas, apenas 11 responderam às questões. A partir dos dados coletados, constatou-se que as posições dos professores sobre o Ensino Religioso na escola pública de Ensino Fundamental não são baseadas no princípio da laicidade, da diversidade, da pluralidade de ideias, de opiniões, de crenças. As visões são “limitadas” e controversas, bem como transgridem as leis, as resoluções e os documentos normativos que fundamentam o Ensino Religioso.Palavras-chave: Ensino Religioso. Educação. Laicidade. Escolas.Teachers’ position on Religious Education in a public school in Pinheiro-MA ABSTRACTThis article tackles the theme of Religious Education in Brazilian public education. It have to describe the position of teachers on the presence of Religious Education in the Municipal Public Researched School (EPMP), in Pinheiro, a municipality in the state of Maranhão. For the analysis of this municipal public school, opted for it case study, as a methodological research procedure and, the interviews, as an instrument for the collection of dates. Stand out that, of the 14 teachers of the EPMP, defined for the interviews, only 11 answered the questions. From of the dates collected, the research found that teachers' positions on Religious Education in the public school are not based on the principle of secularity, diversity, plurality of ideas, opinions, beliefs. The views are “limited” and controversial, as well as violating laws, resolutions and normative documents, which substantiate Religious Education.Keywords: Religious Education. Education. Secularity. Schools.

scholarly journals The State as Employer and the Civil Service

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-333
Author(s):  
S.J. Frankel
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
The State ◽  
Employee Relations ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Difference

Summary In this paper, the author deals with the civil service rather than the public service. The two terms are not mutually exclusive, nor is the difference between them always clear. But a distinction can and should be made from the standpoint of employer-employee relations.

scholarly journals The Method of Public Finance Theory and Its Alternatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (46) ◽  
pp. 305-311
Author(s):  
A. Y. Derlytsia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
The State ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
The Public ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
State Finance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Finance Theory

The method of the public finance theory is understood as a set of the following components: initial positions and worldviews; specific research methods; and the ways to verify the results. The initial assumptions and worldviews of the Western public finance theory, modern Ukrainian public finance theory and its Soviet predecessor are compared. The difference of approaches within these theories concerning worldview is revealed, namely: their conceptual and philosophical basis (materialism / idealism); traditions of using the historical method; the role of the base and superstructure in financial science; focus on value / utility in studies dealing with the nature of fiscal phenomena; differences in interpreting the basic unit of analysis (individual, group, or class); the organic / mechanistic concepts of state used; explanation of the nature of the interaction between the basic units of analysis; attitude to the positive / normative approach. The methodological orientation of the Western financial thought on methodological individualism; that of the Soviet state finance theory on methodological holism, and the lack of precision in these issues of Ukraine’s modern financial science are mentioned. The author refers to the negative trend in assessing fiscal phenomena in Ukraine from the standpoint of state-centrism and the interests and needs of the state, which arises precisely on the basis of the holistic methodological attitudes and the predominance of the organic view of the state. It is shown that modern domestic financial science is still in transition. Due to its worldview, it is a theory of state finance (financial resources of the state), while the Western science is a theory of public finance (public funds, belonging to the society as a whole). The paper outlines the guidelines for further transforming the methodological foundations of financial science in Ukraine.

Students' performance in the public education in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Cláudia Souza Passador ◽  
Joao Luiz Passador ◽  
Julio Araujo Carneiro da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The Public

Constitutional basis for public property in the context of the creation of a legal entity of public law

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 134-149
Author(s):  
Vladimir Nizov
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Public Law ◽  
The State ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Property ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

The article discusses problems of the constitutional regulation of property rights and property itself. The research has been narrowed down to the features of public property regulation in the Russian Federation. The relevance of the research is explained by the process of the reform in the public property administration in Russian Federation, which has transferring of the state property to some legal entities of public law as distinguished feature. The author proposes the historical analysis of the property regulation’s development and the role of the Constitution in this process. The comparative instruments are used to show the main preconditions and trends of public property regulation in Russia and other countries. The author argues the Russian Federation is going on the process of the property regulation construction and the modern stage sees the Constitution as a main axiological filter for that. Meanwhile, the Russian legal system has several obstacles in this way: the limitation of the direct force of the Constitution, the spoiled separation of power, etc. The importance of the system of the check and balances in the property administration is noted. Thus, the research explains the differences between the system of the separation of power in the United Kingdom, Ukraine, and Russia. The author discloses the distinguishing features of the public property the state needs to account in the process of the property transition to public law entities. The critic overview of detailed property regulation in the Constitution’s text is expressed. The author notes constitutional provisions that regulate property issues are features of the post-socialist states. The difference between property rights and sovereign rights is also enclosed in the article. The justification of the right to administrate public property is provided, the research explains the importance of the justification in public property administration and its role in democratic societies, especially in the Russian Federation. The privatization and decentralization of the public property administration are needed to be explained the effectiveness and stability of these decisions. Additionally, the author argues that public property must have more concrete regulation because it needs more complex rules for just and effective administration. The conclusion of the article explains the linkage between the constitutional ideal and the development of public property regulation.

Denaturalising Security

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-102
Author(s):  
Charlotte Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Right ◽  
State Practice ◽  
Modern Thought ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way

This chapter assesses how security was established as the first absolute and natural right of the subject. Thomas Hobbes remains in focus, insofar as he articulated the furthest what had already become an established dogma of early modern thought, notably in natural right theories, and of nascent state practice. The chapter then considers the different kinds of natures that troubled the enterprise of naturalisation. For nature was also appearing, as a result of the scientific revolution, as a source of disorder. It was no longer simply the stable referent for the task of political ordering. This new, epochal instability in the constructions of nature and the way it was addressed by Hobbes in his epistemological writings contains resources for short-circuiting the naturalising work that Hobbes, amongst others, was engaged in. These resources include Hobbes’s nominalism, which marks him as the original constructivist, and his critique of universals, including ‘paternal dominion’, his term for patriarchy. Hence, the purpose of the chapter is to parse the initial naturalisation of security as the subject’s constitutive right, in order to denaturalise it. Ultimately, Hobbes played a central role, not only in theorising the state, but in securing what the author seeks to unsettle with this book: the body as history’s great naturaliser.

Leviathan Bound; or the Re-education of Thomas Hobbes

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
Natural Right ◽  
The Social

AbstractThomas Hobbes is often credited as the “founder of modern liberalism” for grounding his political theory in individualism, natural right, and the social contract. The irony, of course, is that upon this foundation he built an imposing edifice of absolutism. What has escaped most observers, however, is the extent to which Hobbes' absolutism is mitigated by his own principles, qualifications, and doctrines. Hence, “saving Hobbes from himself,” is not simply a matter of correcting his errors, but requires drawing out the implications of his first principles and identifying the additional supports he provides for an essentially liberal order. In this way it is possible to “bind” Leviathan through a process of internal domestication, as opposed to looking backward to Aristotle or forward to Locke. The result is a “reformed” Hobbes who can be readily acknowledged as “the true ancestor of constitutional liberal democracy.”

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