scholarly journals Long-Term Giant Hogweed Invasion Contributes to the Structural Changes of Soil Nematofauna

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2103
Author(s):  
Marek Renčo ◽  
Jana Jurová ◽  
Erika Gömöryová ◽  
Andrea Čerevková
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Soil Mesofauna ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Heracleum Mantegazzianum

Heracleum mantegazzianum (giant hogweed) is the largest central European forb, naturalized or invasive in many European countries. The impacts of its colonization of native habitats on soil mesofauna groups are unfortunately obscure. This study assessed the effect of giant hogweed invasion on the communities of plants and soil nematodes in the riparian habitat. We found that invasion by H. mantegazzianum increased soil pH, decreased carbon and nitrogen content, reduced the number and coverage of the native plant species, and influenced nematode communities and their structures. Nematode species number was significantly lower in invaded than uninvaded plots, but nematode species diversity was not affected by invasion throughout the whole study. Total nematode abundance slightly increased under giant hogweed, while total nematode biomass did not differ between the invaded and uninvaded plots. The higher abundance of bacterivores and fungivores but lower number of omnivorous nematodes well represented the negative impact of giant hogweed invasion on soil food webs, supported by low values of all maturity indices or channel index. The hogweed invaded plots contained higher abundance of plant parasitic nematodes, mainly Paratylenchus microdorus. Our results thus indicate that invasion by H. mantegazzianum influences several nematode communities’ parameters while others remain unaffected by invasion.

Seasonal distribution of abundance, biomass and secondary production of free-living nematodes and their community composition in different stream micro-habitats

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrike Brüchner-Hüttemann ◽  
Walter Traunspurger
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Secondary Production ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Order Stream ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Feeding Types ◽  
Nematode Abundance

Summary The nematode communities of four different micro-habitats in an unpolluted first-order stream were investigated over a 13-month period in a study of the sediment and the biofilms on dead wood, macrophytes and leaf litter. Nematode abundances, biomass and secondary production were analysed, together with the species composition, proportion of feeding types and diversity of the nematode communities of the micro-habitats. Differences between the investigated micro-habitats in terms of seasonal variations, species composition, proportion of feeding types and diversity were expected. The annual mean values of nematode abundance, biomass and secondary production differed significantly between the micro-habitats. Abundances were highest on dead wood, whereas biomass and secondary production were highest in sediment. In the sediment and on leaf litter, nematode abundance and biomass showed pronounced seasonal patterns. The largest contribution to the total secondary production of the stream was from sediment nematodes. In total, 108 nematode species were detected in the micro-habitats during the 13-month study. Comparisons between them revealed differences in nematode species composition. The annual mean species number was significantly higher in sediment and on leaf litter than on dead wood and macrophytes, whereas the annual mean Shannon-Wiener index was significantly higher in sediment than at all other micro-habitats. All micro-habitats in the studied stream, as well as the stream as a whole, were dominated by nematode species belonging to the deposit feeders. Our study clearly showed that the composition of nematode communities from different micro-habitats within a single stream reach can differ markedly.

scholarly journals Identifying and ascribing the relative significance of introduction pathways for non-native plants into Iceland

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Pawel Wasowicz
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Relative Significance ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Introduction Pathways ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Heracleum Mantegazzianum ◽  
Heracleum Persicum ◽  
Watch List

Abstract The study is aimed at identifying pathways frequently used by non-native plant species, assessing their relative significance and development in time. Pathways were defined following NOBANIS framework (Madsen et al., 2014). Species assessments were based on HARMONIA scheme (Branquart, 2007). Four categories of environmental hazards were assessed plus two additional categories summarizing impacts on health and economy. Temporal development of pathways was assessed using cumulative per annum taxa records. To quantify the activity of investigated pathways over time an index (δ10) showing the number of new species introduced during the period of 10 years was calculated. The study shows that horticulture, landscaping and agriculture can be pointed out as pathways of concern in Iceland. A set of species of concern is also proposed. Two plant taxa are included in A list (high risk species): Anthriscus sylvestis and Lupinus nootkatensis. Three taxa are placed in B list (watch list): Heracleum mantegazzianum, Heracleum persicum and Pinus contorta. Results of the present study are compared with similar studies carried out in Denmark, Scandinavia and Baltic countries. Different measures to prevent introductions of new and potentially dangerous non-native species are also discussed including selection of good practices that may significantly reduce the threat from non-native species used in agriculture and horticulture.

scholarly journals Effects of invasive japanese knotweed on diversity and structure of soil nematode communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Renčo ◽  
◽  
Andrea Čerevková ◽  
Nicola Sasanelli ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Webs ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Japanese Knotweed ◽  
Fallopia Japonica ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Maturity Indices ◽  
Tatra National Park

In this study we investigated the communities of soil nematodes in the forest habitats invaded and uninvaded by Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decr., in Tatra National Park, Slovakia. We found that invasion by F. japonica altered nematode communities and their structures. Total nematode abundance, species number and nematode biomass were significantly lower in invaded than uninvaded plots, but species diversity remained unaffected throughout the study. The overall abundance of all nematode trophic groups well represented the negative impact of F. japonica invasion on soil food webs, supported by low values of all maturity indices, a structural index and the Jaccard index of faunal similarity. A weighted faunal analysis similarly characterized the food webs of invaded plots as poorly developed or highly disturbed, with bacterial decomposition and a low C/N ratio. Our findings thus suggest that dense plots of knotweed simplify the structural complexity of the soil environment by reducing the richness of plant species, which may have contributed to the negative changes in the structures of the nematode communities.

Benzoxazinoids selectively affect maize root-associated nematode taxa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Maniruzzaman Sikder ◽  
Mette Vestergård ◽  
Tina Kyndt ◽  
Inge S Fomsgaard ◽  
Enoch Narh Kudjordjie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Nematode Community ◽  
Maize Root ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Lesion Nematode

Abstract Although the effects of plant secondary metabolites on plant defence have been studied for decades, the exact roles of secondary metabolites in shaping plant-associated microbial and nematode communities remain elusive. We evaluated the effects of benzoxazinoids, a group of secondary metabolites present in several cereals, on root-associated nematodes. We employed 18S rRNA metabarcoding to compare maize root-associated nematode communities in a bx1 knockout maize line impaired in benzoxazinoid synthesis and in its parental wild type. Both genotype and plant age affected the composition of the nematode community in the roots, and the effects of benzoxazinoids on nematode communities were stronger in the roots than in the rhizosphere. Differential abundance analysis and quantitative PCR showed that the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus neglectus was enriched in the bx1 mutant line, while another root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus crenatus, was reduced. Correlation analysis showed that benzoxazinoid concentrations in maize roots mostly correlated negatively with the relative abundance of nematode sequence reads. However, positive correlations between benzoxazinoids and nematode taxa, including several plant-parasitic nematodes, were also identified. Our detailed nematode community analysis suggests differential and selective effects of benzoxazinoids on soil nematodes depending on both the nematode species and the benzoxazinoid compound.

scholarly journals Time since fire and average fire interval are the best predictors of Phytophthora cinnamomi activity in heathlands of south-western Australia

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Moore ◽  
Sarah Barrett ◽  
Kay Howard ◽  
Michael D. Craig ◽  
Barbara Bowen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species

Fires are features of ecological communities in much of Australia; however, very little is still known about the potential impact of fire on plant diseases in the natural environment. Phytophthora cinnamomi is an introduced soil-borne plant pathogen with a wide host range, affecting a large proportion of native plant species in Australia and other regions of the world, but its interaction with fire is poorly understood. An investigation of the effects of fire on P. cinnamomi activity was undertaken in the Stirling Range National Park of south-western Australia, where fire is used as a management tool to reduce the negative impact of wildfires and more than 60% of the park is infested with, and 48% of woody plant species are known to be susceptible to, P. cinnamomi. At eight sites confirmed to be infested with P. cinnamomi, the proportion of dead and dying susceptible species was used as a proxy for P. cinnamomi activity. Subset modelling was used to determine the interactive effects of latest fire interval, average fire interval, soil water-holding capacity and pH on P. cinnamomi activity. It was found that the latest and average fire interval were the variables that best explained the variation in the percentage of dead and dying susceptible species among sites, indicating that fire in P. cinnamomi-infested communities has the potential to increase both the severity and extent of disease in native plant communities.

scholarly journals Communities of free living and plant parasitic nematodes in hop gardens in Slovakia

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lišková ◽  
M. Renčo
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Maturity Index ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Plant Parasitic

AbstractA total of 61 nematode species belonging into 48 genera was identified in soil of nine localities of hop gardens in Slovakia. From free living soil nematodes the most abundant were the genus Rhabditis-eudominant taxon, species Aphelenchus avenae — dominant taxon, the species Cephalobus persegnis, Chiloplacus propinquus, Aglenchus agricola, Nothotylenchus acris, Aporcelaimellus obtusicaudatus and genus Eudorylaimus were subdominant taxa. Only ten species of plant parasitic nematodes were observed — Ditylenchus dipsaci, Bitylenchus dubius, Merlinius brevidens, Rotylenchus robustus, Helicotylenchus canadensis, H. digonicus, Pratylenchus penetrans, P. pratensis, Heterodera humuli, and Paratylenchus bukowinensis. Bitylenchus dubius and Merlinius brevidens belonged to dominant taxa, the species Heterodera humuli and Helicotylenchus digonicus to subdominant taxa. The occurrence of Heterodera humuli cysts was recorded at all localities studied, and the occurrence of H. humuli larvae in soil during autumn indicates that possibly more than one generation of the parasite have developed within one vegetation period. The proportion of individual trophic groups in nematode communities of hop gardens was characterised by the prevalence of bacterial feeders followed by plant parasites. The ecological characteristics used for ecological evaluation, especially Maturity Index and Plant Parasitic Index/Maturity Index, indicate a more disturbed environment. Although hop is a perennial plant, the structure and ecology of its nematode communities is more similar to the agricultural ecosystems with a higher level of agricultural practices.

scholarly journals Nematode communities in three types of grassland in the Slovak Republic

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Čerevková
Keyword(s):  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Maturity Index ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Plant Parasitic

AbstractNematode communities were studied and compared in three different types of grassland throughout the Slovak Republic: new meadow (established during last 3 years), permanent meadow and permanent pasture. A total of 85 nematode species from 64 genera were found. The identified nematode species belonged mainly to the orders Tylenchida (31), Dorylaimida (22), and Rhabditida (12). The most abundant species were Helicotylenchus digonicus, Rhabditis spp., Filenchus filiformis and Enchodelus macrodorus in new meadows, H. digonicus and E. macrodorus in permanent meadows and H. digonicus and Aporcelaimellus obtusicaudatus in permanent pastures. Plant parasitic nematodes were dominant in all investigated types of grassland, followed by bacterial feeders in new meadows and omnivores in permanent meadows and pastures. Maturity index (MI) and B/F depended with the age of grassland and thus with succession from newly established meadows to permanent meadows and permanent pastures. Nematode communities were more similar in permanent meadows and pastures than in new meadows and were also influenced by geographic condition.

scholarly journals Symbiosis of the millipede parasitic nematodes Rhigonematoidea and Thelastomatoidea with evolutionary different origins

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiya Nagae ◽  
Kazuki Sato ◽  
Tsutomu Tanabe ◽  
Koichi Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Ecological Relationships ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Host Parasite

Abstract Background How various host–parasite combinations have been established is an important question in evolutionary biology. We have previously described two nematode species, Rhigonema naylae and Travassosinema claudiae, which are parasites of the xystodesmid millipede Parafontaria laminata in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Rhigonema naylae belongs to the superfamily Rhigonematoidea, which exclusively consists of parasites of millipedes. T. claudiae belongs to the superfamily Thelastomatoidea, which includes a wide variety of species that parasitize many invertebrates. These nematodes were isolated together with a high prevalence; however, the phylogenetic, evolutionary, and ecological relationships between these two parasitic nematodes and between hosts and parasites are not well known. Results We collected nine species (11 isolates) of xystodesmid millipedes from seven locations in Japan, and found that all species were co-infected with the parasitic nematodes Rhigonematoidea spp. and Thelastomatoidea spp. We found that the infection prevalence and population densities of Rhigonematoidea spp. were higher than those of Thelastomatoidea spp. However, the population densities of Rhigonematoidea spp. were not negatively affected by co-infection with Thelastomatoidea spp., suggesting that these parasites are not competitive. We also found a positive correlation between the prevalence of parasitic nematodes and host body size. In Rhigonematoidea spp., combinations of parasitic nematode groups and host genera seem to be fixed, suggesting the evolution of a more specialized interaction between Rhigonematoidea spp. and their host. On the other hand, host preference of Thelastomatoidea spp. was not specific to any millipede species, indicating a non-intimate interaction between these parasites and their hosts. Conclusions The two nematode superfamilies, Rhigonematoidea and Thelastomatoidea, have phylogenetically distinct origins, and might have acquired xystodesmid millipede parasitism independently. Currently, the two nematodes co-parasitize millipedes without any clear negative impact on each other or the host millipedes. Our study provides an example of balanced complex symbioses among parasitic nematodes and between parasitic nematodes and host millipedes, which have been established over a long evolutionary history.

scholarly journals Influence of Asclepias syriaca on soil nematode communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Michaela Jakubcsiková ◽  
Andrea Čerevková ◽  
Marek Renčo
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Structure Of Communities ◽  
Aphelenchus Avenae ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Nematode Communities

Abstract The main goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of the invasive common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) on soil nematode communities. The research was carried out in 2018 and 2019 in an ecosystem of permanent grassland in the basin of the Laborec River in land registries of Drahňov, a Vojany village in southeastern Slovakia. The ecosystem contained a total of 64 species of free-living and parasitic nematodes. The most prevalent trophic groups were bacterial feeders (Acrobeloides nanus), followed by plant parasites (Helicotylenchus digonicus and Pratylenchus pratensis), fungal feeders (Aphelenchus avenae), and omnivores (Eudorylaimus carteri). The number of nematode species, the composition of trophic groups and the structure of communities in areas with invasive plants were similar to those in areas with native vegetation during the two years of observation.

A Guide to Planting Wildflower Enhancements in Florida

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Bammer ◽  
Josh Campbell ◽  
Chase B. Kimmel ◽  
James D.. Ellis ◽  
Jaret C. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Wild Bee ◽  
Pollinator Species ◽  
Nesting Sites ◽  
The Right

The establishment of native wildflower plantings in Florida can benefit agricultural producers as well as native pollinators and other beneficial insects (predators and parasitoids). The plantings do this by:  providing forage and nesting sites for bees, butterflies, and other pollinators, increasing wild bee numbers possibly across the farm, and increasing natural enemies of insect pests (that also depend on forage and nesting sites). This document discusses choosing the right mix of native plant species to benefit many pollinator species, as well as proper site selection, planting practices, and weed control techniques. Wildflower plots should be practical to manage, maximize benefits to wildlife, and fit into the overall management practices of the property. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document