scholarly journals Embryogenesis of European Radish (Raphanus sativus L. subsp. sativus convar. radicula) in Culture of Isolated Microspores In Vitro

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2117
Author(s):  
Elena Victorovna Kozar ◽  
Elena Alekseevna Domblides ◽  
Alexsey Vasilevich Soldatenko
Keyword(s):  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Entire Family ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Globular Stage ◽  
Isolated Microspores ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L ◽  
In Vitro Microspore Culture ◽  
First Time ◽  
Brassicaceae Family

The European radish is one of the most unresponsive crops in the Brassicaceae family to embryogenesis in in vitro microspore culture. The aim of this work was to study the process of embryogenesis of European radish and its biological features. In this study, the embryogenesis of European radish is described in detail with illustrative data for the first time. For the first time for the entire family Brassicaceae, the following were found: microspores with intact exines with ordered-like divisions; microspores completely free of exines; and a new scheme of suspensors attachment to the apical parts of embryoids. The morphology of double and triple twin embryoids was described, and new patterns of their attachment to each other were discovered. Uneven maturation of European radish embryoids at all stages of embryogenesis was noted. The period of embryoid maturation to the globular stage of development corresponded, in terms of time, to the culture of B. napus, and into the cotyledonary stage of development, maturation was faster and amounted to 17–23 days. The rate of embryoid development with and without suspensors was the same.

scholarly journals Improvement of methods of creating hybrids of cabbage

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna I. Mineykina ◽  
Lyudmila L. Bondareva ◽  
Darya V. Shumilina ◽  
Elena A. Domblides ◽  
Alexey V. Soldatenko
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Isolated Microspores ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Complete Diallel Cross ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Pure Lines

Relevance One of the basic directions of the cabbage crop breeding is the creation of F1 hybrids with a complex of economically valuable traits. This process is difficult and time-consuming as to get pure lines must be within 6-12 years hold inbreeding. Herewith not every line gives the desired heterotic effect that also requires additional verification. Methods Biotechnological method culture of isolated microspores in vitro, which allows in the first generation to receive a line with 100% homozygosity, was used to speed up the breeding process. Combination ability were performed in complete diallel cross on the basic morphological signs. Results Culture medium for cultivation of isolated microspores in vitro was optimized for each genotype of cabbage for the best embryoids regeneration. Maximum amount of embryoids was received on medium with pH 6.2 using ampicillin 100 mg/l and zeatin 1 mg/l: 466.7 ± 153.2 PCs/100 buds. A new source material for breeding – doubled haploid lines of cabbage was received. Lines – the best parents for F1 hybrids with high yield, compact rosette of leaves, with optimum inside and short outside cabbage stump was created. Studies have shown that optimization of breeding process in case of creation of pure lines of cabbage in 3 years with microspore culture requires to reduce the breeding process in 2 times.

scholarly journals The Influence of pH on Microspore Embryogenesis of White Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Oana CRISTEA
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Microspore Embryogenesis ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Strong Base ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
In Vitro Microspore Culture ◽  
Influence Of Ph

In vitro microspore culture is one of the top techniques utilised now-a-days for the obtaining of double haploid plants in many plant species, including Brassica. The pH of the medium is a critical factor for the success of In vitro microspore culture as it influences the invertase enzyme activity, translated at cellular level through an acceleration or reduction of sucrose cleavage. The results published until now shows rather contradictory findings, as the response of microspores have been proved to be highly depending on genotypes, most of them being focused on Brassica napus. Thus, in the present study, the effect of different NLN liquid medium pH, ranging between 5.0 to 7.0 were tested in order to establish the most suitable pH for the expression of embryogenic competences of microspores cultivated on medium In vitro and ultimately for the obtaining of microspore-derived embryos. Among the 11 values of pH tested, the best results were obtained on variants with pH 5.8 and 6.0, both in what concern the maintaining of microspores viability and the number of microspore-derived embryos. The findings of the present study provide a strong base for the establishment of an efficient protocol for the In vitro culture of microspore at Brassica oleracea L. genotypes with Romanian origin.

scholarly journals CULTURE USE PROBLEMS IN SELECTION OF ISOLATED MICROSPORES IN GRAIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
G. A. Iskakova ◽  
D. O. Baisaparova ◽  
D. R. Raimbek ◽  
K. Zh. Zhambakin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Cultivar Development ◽  
Isolated Microspores ◽  
New Gene ◽  
Selection Of

Production of haploid plants by culture of isolated microspores is a quick way of obtaining homozygous crop lines. Recessive features of mutant homozygous plants are also possible to determine by this biotechnology. Contrary from anthers culture, in which the presence of anther walls can lead to the development of diploid somatic calli and plants, the microspore culture produces only haploid or dihaploid lines. Isolated microspores culture in addition represents and has a unique identification system for studying the mechanisms of embryogenesis in in vitro culture. The usage of haploid technology extends the genetic basis of wheat breeding, since it allows increasing the frequency of new gene combinations. This technology significantly increases the efficiency of breeding new highly productive varieties of crops. On this basis, it becomes possible to quickly assess the prospects of dihaploids, which significantly improves the efficiency of the selection process. DH plants are completely fertile and, if necessary, may be used as parents or processed as a cultivar. DHs have been widely used for cultivar development, genetic mapping, mutagenesis, and the study of gene functions.

A cytological study of pretreatments used to improve isolated microspore cultures of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Chris

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianci Hu ◽  
Ken J Kasha
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Division ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Isolated Microspore Culture ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Isolated Microspores ◽  
Uniform Population

Isolated microspores of wheat can be induced in vitro to switch their development from the gametophytic pollen pathway to a sporophytic pathway, resulting in embryoid or callus formation. The influence of cold or mannitol pretreatment on karyokinesis and cytokinesis in isolated microspore culture responses were investigated. Anthers were pretreated in mannitol for 7 d at 28°C; spikes at 4°C for 28 d. Microspores often completed the 1st mitotic nuclear division during pretreatment while cytokinesis was delayed. During mannitol pretreatments, the 1st mitotic nuclear division was mostly symmetrical while only asymmetric 1st nuclear divisions were seen during or after cold pretreatment. Following the symmetrical division, the two similar nuclei often appeared to fuse to form a diploid nucleus. Subsequently, these nuclei underwent rapid nuclear divisions to form multinucleate, and later, multicellular structures in induction medium. Cold pretreatments also induced muticellular structures but frequencies were lower than after mannitol. A novel pretreatment of spikes, combining 0.4 M mannitol solution at 4°C for 4 d, delayed the 1st nuclear division, keeping all microspores in a haploid uni-nucleate stage and resulted in higher induction frequencies. The proportion of embryos larger than 2 mm that developed into green plants was as high as 70% when transferred to regeneration media. Ninety-five percent of the plantlets transferred from culture to soil survived. The improved pretreatment enhanced the potential of isolated microspore culture in wheat for plant breeding by producing large numbers of plants and for gene transformation by maintaining a uniform population of haploid uni-nucleate stage microspores as targets.Key words: wheat, pretreatment, karyokinesis, embryogenesis, microspore, cold, mannitol.

Somatic Embryogenesis and In vitro Plant Regeneration in Vigna trilobata (L.) Verd. - A Potential Pasture Legume

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
K. Choudhary ◽  
M. Singh ◽  
M. S. Rathore ◽  
N. S. Shekhawat
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pasture Legume

This long term study demonstrates for the first time that it is possible to propagate embryogenic Vigna trilobata and to subsequently initiate the differentiation of embryos into complete plantlets. Initiation of callus was possible on 2,4-D. Somatic embryos differentiated on modified MS basal nutrient medium with 1.0 mg/l  of 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l  of Kn. Sustained cell division resulted in globular and heart shape stages of somatic embryos. Transfer of embryos on to a fresh modified MS basal medium with 0.5 mg/l of Kn and 0.5 mg/l of GA3 helped them to attain maturation and germination. However, the propagation of cells, as well as the differentiation of embryos, were inhibited by a continuous application of these growth regulators. For this reason, a long period on medium lacking these growth regulators was necessary before the differentiation of embryos occurred again. The consequences for improving the propagation of embryogenic cultures in Vigna species are discussed. Key words: Pasture  legume, Vigna trilobata, Globular, Heart shape, somatic embryogenesis D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v19i1.4990 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 19(1): 89-99, 2009 (June)

Dwindling status of Epimedium Elatum (Morren & Decne) and its geographical distribution in Kashmir Himalaya, India

2018 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Kashmir Himalayas ◽  
Near Future ◽  
First Time ◽  
Tissue Culture Techniques

Epimedium elatum (Morren & Decne) of family Berberidaceace is a rare perennial medicinal plant, endemic to high altitude forests of Northwestern Himalayas in India. Ethnobotanically, it has been used as an ingredient for treatment of bone-joint disorders, impotence and kidney disorders in Kashmir Himalayas. Phytochemically, it is rich in Epimedin ABC and Icariin; all of these have been demonstrated to possess remarkable biological activities like PDE-5 inhibition (treatment of erectile dysfunction), anticancer, antiosteoporosis antioxidant and antiviral properties. The present investigation reports its traditional usage, comprehensive distribution and conservation status from twenty ecogeographical regions in Kashmir Himalayas, India. The species was reported from Gurez valley for the first time. Numerous threats like excessive grazing, deforestration, habitat fragmentation, tourism encroachment, landslides and excessive exploitation have decreased its natural populations in most of the surveyed habitats. Consequently, its existence may become threatened in near future if timely conservation steps are not taken immediately by concerned stakeholders involved in medicinal plant research. Moreover, use of plant tissue culture techniques is recommended for development of its in vitro propagation protocols. Therefore, introduction of this medicinal plant in botanical gardens, protected sites and development of monitoring programmes are needed for its immediate conservation in Northwestern Himalayas, India.

Structure-Reactivity Relationships on Substrates and Inhibitors of the Lysine Deacylase Sirtuin 2 from Schistosoma Mansoni (SmSirt2)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Monaldi ◽  
Dante Rotili ◽  
Julien Lancelot ◽  
Martin Marek ◽  
Nathalie Wössner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Human Cancer Cells ◽  
Parasite Survival ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance ◽  
First Time ◽  
Parasitic Life Cycle

The only drug for treatment of Schistosomiasis is Praziquantel, and the possible emergence of resistance makes research on novel therapeutic agents necessary. Targeting of Schistosoma mansoni epigenetic enzymes, which regulate the parasitic life cycle, emerged as promising approach. Due to the strong effects of human Sirtuin inhibitors on parasite survival and reproduction, Schistosoma sirtuins were postulated as therapeutic targets. In vitro testing of synthetic substrates of S. mansoni Sirtuin 2 (SmSirt2) and kinetic experiments on a myristoylated peptide demonstrated lysine long chain deacylation as an intrinsic SmSirt2 activity for the first time. Focused in vitro screening of the GSK Kinetobox library and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of identified hits, led to the first SmSirt2 inhibitors with activity in the low micromolar range. Several SmSirt2 inhibitors showed potency against both larval schistosomes (viability) and adult worms (pairing, egg laying) in culture without general toxicity to human cancer cells.<br>

α-Glucosidase Inhibition and Docking Studies of 5-Deoxyflavonols and Dihydroflavonols Isolated from Abutilon pakistanicum

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (17) ◽  
pp. 1857-1866
Author(s):  
Munawar Hussain ◽  
Zaheer Ahmed ◽  
Shamsun N. Khan ◽  
Syed A. A. Shah ◽  
Rizwana Razi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
First Time ◽  
Acid Esters ◽  
Phenol Moiety

Three new 5-deoxyflavonoid and dihydroflavonoids 2, 3 and 4 have been isolated from the methanolic extract of Abutioln pakistanicum aerial parts, for which structures were elucidated explicitly by extensive MS- and NMR-experiments. In addition to these, 3,7,4′-trihydroxy-3′-methoxy flavonol (1) is reported for the first time from Abutioln pakistanicum. Compound 2 and 4 are p-coumaric acid esters while compounds 2–4 exhibited α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Docking studies indicated that the ability of flavonoids 2, 3 and 4 to form multiple hydrogen bonds with catalytically important residues is decisive hence is responsible for the inhibition activity. The docking results signified the observed in-vitro activity quite well which is in accordance with previously obtained conclusion that phenol moiety and hydroxyl group are critical for the inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme.

Antimutagenic, Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Properties of Sea Grape Leaf Extract Fractions (Coccoloba uvifera L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Ramos-Hernández ◽  
Montserrat Calderón-Santoyo ◽  
Armando Burgos-Hernández ◽  
Joel S. García- Romo ◽  
Arturo Navarro-Ocaña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Antimutagenic Activity ◽  
Hexane Extraction ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Hct 116 ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Grape Leaf ◽  
First Time

Background: Cancer is a disease characterized by the invasion and uncontrolled growth of cells. One of the best ways to minimize the harmful effects of mutagens is through the use of natural antimutagens. In this regard, the search for new antimutagens that act in the chemoprevention could represent a promising field in this area. Objective: In this study biological potential of 11 fractions from Coccoloba uvifera L. leaf hexane extract was evaluated by several in vitro tests. Methods: Leaves were lyophilized and hexane extraction was performed. The extract was fractionated by column chromatography with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The antimutagenic (Ames test), antiproliferative (MTT test), and antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS, and ferrous ion chelation) of the fractions were evaluated. Results: Fractions 4, 6, 8, and 9 have antimutagenic activity (against sodium azide in strain TA100), fraction 11 showed antiproliferative capacity (IC50 of 24 ± 9 μg/mL in cells of HCT 116). The fractions with the highest activity were analyzed by HPLC-MS and lupeol, acacetin, and β-sitosterol were identified. Conclusion: This study demonstrates, for the first time, the bioactivity of C. uvifera leaf as a new source of high biological value compounds (HBVC), which can be of interest to the food and pharmaceutical industries.

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