Antimutagenic, Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Properties of Sea Grape Leaf Extract Fractions (Coccoloba uvifera L.)

Background: Cancer is a disease characterized by the invasion and uncontrolled growth of cells. One of the best ways to minimize the harmful effects of mutagens is through the use of natural antimutagens. In this regard, the search for new antimutagens that act in the chemoprevention could represent a promising field in this area. Objective: In this study biological potential of 11 fractions from Coccoloba uvifera L. leaf hexane extract was evaluated by several in vitro tests. Methods: Leaves were lyophilized and hexane extraction was performed. The extract was fractionated by column chromatography with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The antimutagenic (Ames test), antiproliferative (MTT test), and antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS, and ferrous ion chelation) of the fractions were evaluated. Results: Fractions 4, 6, 8, and 9 have antimutagenic activity (against sodium azide in strain TA100), fraction 11 showed antiproliferative capacity (IC50 of 24 ± 9 μg/mL in cells of HCT 116). The fractions with the highest activity were analyzed by HPLC-MS and lupeol, acacetin, and β-sitosterol were identified. Conclusion: This study demonstrates, for the first time, the bioactivity of C. uvifera leaf as a new source of high biological value compounds (HBVC), which can be of interest to the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Download Full-text

In vitro Antidiabetic, anti-obesity and antioxidant proprities of Rosemary extracts

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY ◽

10.24297/jac.v10i2.5497 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 2305-2316 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Manel Ben Ali ◽

Kais Mnafgui ◽

Abdelfattah Feki ◽

Mohamed Damak ◽

Noureddine Allouche

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Pancreatic Lipase ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Inhibitory Potential ◽

Prevention Of Diabetes ◽

First Time

Diabetes mellitus is a serious health problem worldwide that has adverse and long-lasting consequences for individuals, families, and communities. Hence, this study sought to investigate the inhibitory potential of rosemary extracts on key-enzymes related to diabetes such as α-amylase and pancreatic lipase activities, as well as to assess their antioxidant properties in vitro. The IC50 values of Rosemary essential oil, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts against α-amylase were 28.36, 34.11 and 30.39 µg/mL respectively, and those against pancreatic lipase were 32.25, 36.64 and 34.07 µg/mL, suggesting strong anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects of Rosemary. The methanolic extract was found to be the highest in levels of phenolic (282.98 µgGAE/mg extract) and flavonoids (161.05 µg QE /mg extract) contents as well as in the antioxidant activity (IC50 = 15.82 µg/mL) as compared to other extracts ethyl acetate (IC50 = 32.23 µg/mL) and essential oil (IC50 = 96.12 µg/mL).Antioxidant efficacy of Rosemary extracts has been estimated in the stabilization of sunflower oil (SFO) at three different concentrations, i.e. 200 (SFO-200), 500 (SFO-500) and 1000 ppm (SFO-1000). Results showed the highest efficiency of SFO-1000.The results obtained in this study demonstrated for the first time that Rosemary is a potent source of natural inhibitors of α-amylase and pancreatic lipase with powerful antioxidants proprieties that might be used in the food stabilization and the prevention of diabetes and obesity complications as a complementary pharmacological drug.

Download Full-text

Antiprotozoal Activity Against Entamoeba histolytica of Flavonoids Isolated from Lippia graveolens Kunth

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25112464 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (11) ◽

pp. 2464

Author(s):

Ramiro Quintanilla-Licea ◽

Javier Vargas-Villarreal ◽

María Julia Verde-Star ◽

Verónica Mayela Rivas-Galindo ◽

Ángel David Torres-Hernández

Keyword(s):

Entamoeba Histolytica ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Antiprotozoal Activity ◽

Subsequent Work ◽

Antiamoebic Activity ◽

Work Up ◽

First Time

Amebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica is nowadays a serious public health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. Annually, up to 100,000 deaths occur across the world. Due to the resistance that pathogenic protozoa exhibit against commercial antiprotozoal drugs, a growing emphasis has been placed on plants used in traditional medicine to discover new antiparasitics. Previously, we reported the in vitro antiamoebic activity of a methanolic extract of Lippia graveolens Kunth (Mexican oregano). In this study, we outline the isolation and structure elucidation of antiamoebic compounds occurring in this plant. The subsequent work-up of this methanol extract by bioguided isolation using several chromatographic techniques yielded the flavonoids pinocembrin (1), sakuranetin (2), cirsimaritin (3), and naringenin (4). Structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was achieved by spectroscopic/spectrometric analyses and comparing literature data. These compounds revealed significant antiprotozoal activity against E. histolytica trophozoites using in vitro tests, showing a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) ranging from 28 to 154 µg/mL. Amebicide activity of sakuranetin and cirsimaritin is reported for the first time in this study. These research data may help to corroborate the use of this plant in traditional Mexican medicine for the treatment of dyspepsia.

Download Full-text

Anaerobic digestion is the dominant pathway for pit latrine decomposition and is limited by intrinsic factors

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2019.220 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 79 (12) ◽

pp. 2242-2250 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Miriam H. A. van Eekert ◽

Walter T. Gibson ◽

Belen Torondel ◽

Faraji Abilahi ◽

Bernard Liseki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Full Potential ◽

Water Addition ◽

Intrinsic Factors ◽

Pit Latrine ◽

First Time

Abstract In vitro methods were used to assess the full potential for decomposition (measured as biogas formation) from pit latrine samples taken from the top layer of 15 Tanzanian latrines. We found considerable variability in the decomposition rate and extent. This was compared with decomposition in the same latrines, measured by comparing top layer composition with fresh stools and deeper (older) layers, to assess whether this potential was realised in situ. Results showed a close match between the extent of organic material breakdown in situ and in vitro, indicating that anaerobic digestion is the dominant pathway in latrines. The average potential decrease in chemical oxygen demand (COD) (determined as methane production in vitro within 60 days) and actual measured decrease in situ are 68.9% ± 11.3 and 69.7% ± 19.4, respectively. However in the in vitro tests, where samples were diluted in water, full decomposition was achieved in 2 months, whereas in situ it can take years; this suggests that water addition may offer a simple route to improving latrine performance. The results also allowed us to estimate, for the first time to our knowledge using experimental data, the contribution that latrines make to greenhouse gas emissions globally. This amounts to ∼2% of annual US emissions.

Download Full-text

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Combined with a New Strontium-Enriched Bioactive Glass: An ex-vivo Model for Bone Regeneration

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12213633 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (21) ◽

pp. 3633 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Devis Bellucci ◽

Elena Veronesi ◽

Valentina Strusi ◽

Tiziana Petrachi ◽

Alba Murgia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Glass ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽

Cellular Model ◽

Ex Vivo Model ◽

Bone Differentiation ◽

Biological Potential ◽

Orthopedic Applications ◽

First Time

A 3D cellular model that mimics the potential clinical application of a biomaterial is here applied for the first time to a bioactive glass, in order to assess its biological potential. A recently developed bioactive glass (BGMS10), whose composition contained strontium and magnesium, was produced in the form of granules and fully investigated in terms of biocompatibility in vitro. Apart from standard biological characterization (Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) testing and biocompatibility as per ISO10993), human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (BM-MSCs) were used to investigate the performance of the bioactive glass granules in an innovative 3D cellular model. The results showed that BGMS10 supported human BM-MSCs adhesion, colonization, and bone differentiation. Thus, bioactive glass granules seem to drive osteogenic differentiation and thus look particularly promising for orthopedic applications, bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Download Full-text

Mangiferin Rich Products from Aphloia theiformis (Vahl) Benn Leaves: Extraction, Fractionation, Phytochemical Characterization, and Antioxidant Properties

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25092081 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 2081

Author(s):

Dovilė Grauzdytė ◽

Audrius Pukalskas ◽

Chaker El Kalamouni ◽

Petras Rimantas Venskutonis

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Synthetic Antioxidant ◽

Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽

Extraction Solvents ◽

First Time

Aphloia theiformis is traditionally used in Mauritius, Madagascar, and Reunion Island for treating several diseases. In this study, various extraction solvents and schemes were applied for the recovery of antioxidant rich fractions from the leaves of A. theiformis. The products were evaluated for their antioxidant capacity using well known in vitro assays. Major compounds were characterized by UPLC–QTOF–MS. Hydrophilic extracts of A. theiformis demonstrated strong antioxidant properties, which are comparable with the synthetic antioxidant Trolox. UPLC analysis confirmed mangiferin as the main secondary metabolite of A. theiformis. Tormentic and hydroxytormentic acids as well as their isomers were also abundant in A. theiformis extracts and fractions, while their amounts were determined for the first time. The most potential extract was further separated into the fractions by liquid-liquid extraction and by precipitation at low temperature. Antioxidant capacity and composition of secondary metabolites of derived fractions were determined. Some of the fractions possessed remarkable antioxidant capacity, comparable to pure mangiferin. The results obtained reveal high potential of A. theiformis for recovery of natural antioxidants and other bioactive phytochemicals, particularly mangiferin.

Download Full-text

Formulation of New Baking (+)-Catechin Based Leavening Agents: Effects on Rheology, Sensory and Antioxidant Features during Muffin Preparation

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9111569 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1569

Author(s):

Gabriele Carullo ◽

Francesca Scarpelli ◽

Emilia Lucia Belsito ◽

Paolino Caputo ◽

Cesare Oliviero Rossi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Scavenger Activity

The aim of this investigation was to prepare two solid mixtures containing a soluble polymorph of (+)-catechin and mucic (MUC) or tartaric (TAR) acids as new leavening agents. The solid mixtures were based on a polymorph of (+)-catechin, characterized through Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) analysis and assayed in in vitro antioxidant and solubility assays. The dough samples were studied by dynamic rheological tests, while muffins were studied through Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME)/Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to identify volatile compounds, in vitro tests to evaluate antioxidant properties, and sensory analyses. TAR powder showed a solubility in water almost one order of magnitude increased with respect to commercial (+)-catechin (40.0 against 4.6 mg mL−1) and increased antioxidant performances. In particular, TAR showed total phenolic content (TPC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) values of 0.0298 ± 0.021 and 0.0081 ± 0.0009 meq CT/g, while MUC showed better results in terms of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) acid (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), 0.518 ± 0.015 and 0.112 ± 0.010 mg/mL, respectively. MS analysis identified different compounds derived from the lipid oxidation process. Muffins obtained using both powders showed interesting outcomes regarding dough process and appreciable appearance/olfactory/taste/texture profiles. Muffins obtained from TAR-based mixture showed also a total phenolic content of 0.00175 meq CT/g muffin, and almost two times improved TAC and scavenger activity against DPPH radical. The formulated powders could be used as suitable health-promoting ingredients in the food industry.

Download Full-text

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Properties and Anti-cholinesterase Activity of Cordia gilletii (Boraginaceae) Leaves Essential Oil

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1100600225 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 1934578X1100600 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marco Bonesi ◽

Philippe N. Okusa ◽

Rosa Tundis ◽

Monica R. Loizzo ◽

Federica Menichini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Bleaching Test ◽

Total Oil ◽

Β Carotene ◽

Terpene Derivatives

This study aimed to investigate for the first time the chemical composition, the antioxidant properties and the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activity of the essential oil from the leaves of Cordia gilletii De Wild (Boraginaceae). The essential oil, characterized by 23 constituents (90.1% of the total oil), was constituted by terpene derivatives (25.6%) and non-terpene derivatives (64.5%), among which aldehydes, fatty acids and alkanes were present with the percentage of 16.5%, 18.8% and 23.1%, respectively. The antioxidant activity of C. gilletii essential oil was screened by two in vitro tests: DPPH and β-carotene bleaching test. The essential oil revealed antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 75.0 and 129.9 μg/mL on DPPH radical and β-carotene decoloration tests, respectively. Moreover, C. gilletii inhibited AChE enzyme with an IC50 value of 105.6 μg/mL.

Download Full-text

Antioxidant Properties and Reported Ethnomedicinal Use of the Genus Echium (Boraginaceae)

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9080722 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 722

Author(s):

Ju Jin ◽

Mark Boersch ◽

Akshaya Nagarajan ◽

Andrew K. Davey ◽

Matthew Zunk

Keyword(s):

Traditional Medicine ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Future Research ◽

Antiviral Effects ◽

Pharmacological Studies ◽

Phytochemical Components ◽

Ethnomedicinal Uses ◽

First Time

The genus Echium L. from the Boraginaceae family consists of 67 recognised species. The genus is widely distributed in the Mediterranean, having been documented in the traditional medicine of the area since 300 B.C. Current pharmacological studies have validated early ethnomedicinal properties showing that Echium spp. possesses antioxidant, analgesic, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral effects. Nevertheless, only limited papers report specifically on the phytochemistry of this genus. Furthermore, the potential of utilising extracts from Echium species as natural antioxidant preparations has been significantly neglected. For the first time, this review comprehensively describes and discusses the presence of recorded Echium species with ethnomedicinal uses, their antioxidative properties in vitro and in vivo when available, and major phytochemical components recognised as potent antioxidants, as well as the possibilities and opportunities for future research.

Download Full-text

Assessment of Healthy and Harmful Maillard Reaction Products in a Novel Coffee Cascara Beverage: Melanoidins and Acrylamide

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9050620 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 620 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Amaia Iriondo-DeHond ◽

Ana Sofía Elizondo ◽

Maite Iriondo-DeHond ◽

Maria Belén Ríos ◽

Romina Mufari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Maillard Reaction ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Maillard Reaction Products ◽

Reaction Products ◽

High Fiber ◽

Chemical Indicators ◽

Safety And Health ◽

Health Promoting ◽

First Time

Our research aimed to evaluate the formation of Maillard reaction products in sun-dried coffee cascara and their impact on the safety and health promoting properties of a novel beverage called “Instant Cascara” (IC) derived from this coffee by-product. Maillard reaction products in sun-dried coffee cascara have never been reported. “Instant Cascara” (IC) extract was obtained by aqueous extraction and freeze-drying. Proteins, amino acids, lipids, fatty acid profile, sugars, fiber, minerals, and vitamins were analyzed for its nutritional characterization. Acrylamide and caffeine were used as chemical indicators of safety. Colored compounds, also called melanoidins, their stability under 40 °C and in light, and their in vitro antioxidant capacity were also studied. A safe instant beverage with antioxidant properties was obtained to which the following nutritional claims can be assigned: “low fat”, “low sugar” “high fiber” and “source of potassium, magnesium and vitamin C”. For the first time, cascara beverage color was attributed to the presence of antioxidant melanoidins (>10 kDa). IC is a potential sustainable alternative for instant coffee, with low caffeine and acrylamide levels and a healthy composition of nutrients and antioxidants.

Download Full-text

Antigenotoxic, Anti-photogenotoxic, and Antioxidant Properties of Polyscias filicifolia Shoots Cultivated In Vitro

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25051090 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 1090

Author(s):

Ramona Figat ◽

Anita Śliwińska ◽

Anna Stochmal ◽

Agata Soluch ◽

Magdalena Sobczak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Acids ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Metabolic Activation ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Antimutagenic Activity ◽

Active Compounds ◽

Triterpenoid Saponins ◽

Uva Irradiation ◽

Wide Range

Traditional medicinal plants are an important source of active compounds with potential antimutagenic activity. Polyscias filicifolia Bailey (Araliaceae) is a South Asian traditional herb used as an adaptogenic and cardiac drug. Extracts of P. filicifolia contain a wide range of biologically active compounds like phenolic acids and triterpenoid saponins. In the present study. antigenotoxic potential of three naturally occurring phenolic acids and extracts of P. filicifolia growing in vitro with the addition of elicitors was evaluated against direct (4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4NQO) and mitomycin C (MMC)) and indirect mutagens (2-aminoanthracene (2AA)). The evaluation was made using a bacterial umu-test. Moreover, the ability to prevent photogenotoxicity induced by chlorpromazine (CPZ) under UVA irradiation was measured. The phytochemical profiling of examined extracts revealed the presence of numerous compounds with the prevelance of chlorogenic, caffeic, and ferulic acid derivatives; however, saponin fractions were also determined. The antioxidant potential of extracts strictly correlated with their composition. The tested extracts exhibited high antigenotoxic activity if the assay was performed with 2AA and metabolic activation. Moreover, the extracts slightly decreased the MMC-induced genotoxicity. However, an increase of the genotoxic effect was observed in the assay performed with 4NQO. In addition, photo-antigenotoxic activity was observed. In our study, phenolic acids exhibited lower activity than the extracts.

Download Full-text