scholarly journals In vitro antibacterial activity of Bunium persicum and Rheum ribes on Acinetobacter baumanii

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Najme Bagheri ◽  
Niloofar Safaei ◽  
Elahe Aleebrahim-Dehkordy ◽  
Mansoor Khaledi ◽  
Mostafa Madmoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
Bunium Persicum ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity

Introduction: Using antibiotics to control pathogenic bacteria is associated with certain side effects in addition to emergence of drug resistance. Nowadays, researchers are considering using plants as suitable alternatives to antibiotics. The aim of study was to compare in vitro antimicrobial activities of aqueous and hydroalcoholic Bunium persicum and Rheum ribes L. extracts on Acinetobacter baumanii. Materials and methods: Different concentrations of R. ribes and B. persicum were prepared to determine microbial sensitivity of A. baumanii using disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results: The highest MIC (256 µg/ml) against A. baumanii was derived for aqueous R. ribes and B. persicum extracts and the lowest MIC (128 µg/ml) for their hydroalcoholic extracts. The highest MBC (512 µg/ml) was derived for aqueous R. ribes extract and the lowest MBC (256 µg/ml) for aqueous and hydroalcoholic R. ribes and B. persicum and hydroalcoholic R. ribes extracts. The extracts exhibited great inhibitory effects against the studied bacteria in disk diffusion; and with increasing the extracts’ concentrations, the inhibitory effect was exhibited more markedly as increased diameter of inhibition zone. Conclusion: Hydroalcoholic R. ribes and B. persicum extracts can be used as nature-based compounds to control A. baumanii.  

scholarly journals Antimicrobial properties of phytohormone (gibberellins) against phytopathogens and clinical pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paoirse Toner ◽  
David Nelson ◽  
Juluri R. Rao ◽  
Madeleine Ennis ◽  
John E. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Wide Range

The in vitro antimicrobial potential of physiologically active diterpenoid plant-derived gibberellins (gibberellic acids; GAs) was tested on microbial pathogens of significance to plant and human health. The racemic enantiomer GA3 produced varying inhibitory effects against a wide range of plant host disease causal agents (phytopathogens) comprising fungi, oomycetes and bacteria. The results showed that GA3 effected either strong growth arrest of phytopathogenic fungi or holistic biocidal effects on oomycete and phytopathogenic fungi at higher concentration (>10–50 mM) and increased hyphal extension growth when the concentration of GA3 was lowered (<10−0.1 mM). When human clinical pathogenic bacteria cohorts were challenged with gibberellin enantiomers, viz GA1, GA4, GA5, GA7, GA9 and GA13 (50 mM), employing Kirby–Bauer disc bioassay methods for assessment of their efficacies, no inhibitory effect was seen with gibberellin enantiomers, viz GA1, GA3, GA5 and GA13, while GA4 inhibited all human clinical bacterial organisms examined, with GA7 and GA9 showing limited activity. The antibiotic effects of enantiomeric diterpenoid phytohormones evinced in our preliminary study raise prospects for further studies to fully examine their potential therapeutic value for human healthcare and their compliance with cytotoxicity and other ethical considerations in the future.

scholarly journals In Vitro Effect of Plant Parts Extract of Senecio glaucus L. on Pathogenic Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 3800-3810
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Vitro Effect

Senecio glaucus L. is an annual herb that grows in several Egyptian desert habitats. The diversity of habitats inhabited by this species, as well as its distribution, chemical composition, and biological activity, are all unknown. This research aimed to examine the chemical composition of S. glaucus from various environments in Egypt, as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The general assessment of the analytical results for different parts of S. glaucus showed that the capitula and leaves in both inland and coastal samples were rich in bioactive constituents than the other parts as following (capitula > leaf > root > stem). Based on the results of IC50, the antioxidant properties of the eight parts of two samples follows the sequence capitula ˃ root ˃ leaf ˃ stem for the coastal sample, and capitula ˃ leaf ˃ stem ˃ root for the inland sample. The IC50 values ranged from 25.94 to 41.20 mg/ml in coastal sample, where the IC50 values ranged from 28.02 to 42.83 mg/ml in desert sample, compared to ascorbic acid (IC50 = 13.30 mg/ml). The antimicrobial potential of MeOH extracts of S. glaucus parts collected from different habitats exhibited different inhibitory spectrum behavior with varying degrees of inhibition against six Gram-positive bacteria and four Gram-negative bacteria. In both coastal and inland samples, the E. coli inhibition zone was the most susceptible bacterium. Whereas, in the case of the coastal sample, the inhibition zone of B. subtilis was the most sensitive bacterium. The results of the antibacterial test were compared with 3 standard antibiotics.

scholarly journals In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Mentha spicata Essential Oil against Some Pathogenic Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-15
Author(s):  
Sara I. Othman ◽  
Fouad H. Kamel
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Mentha spicata (M. spicata) is within family Lamiaceae that spreads mainly in the temperate and subtemperate zones of the world. It is considered as a good source of essential oils (EOs), which is widely used in food production and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of the current study is to evaluate antibacterial activities associated with the EO of M. spicata cultivated in Iraq-Erbil city. The aerial parts of M. spicata were subjected to hydro distillation to extract the oil. Antimicrobial potential was tested against many microorganisms, signifying Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. EO of M. spicata demonstrated antimicrobial activities with best susceptibility observed for Gram-negative bacteria toward the oil. The results suggest that EO of M. spicata may have potential value as antibacterial activities.

scholarly journals In vitro antimicrobial activities of several extracts endophytic Pseudomonas azotoformans UICC B-91

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012068
Author(s):  
E Oktarina ◽  
R H Pratiwi ◽  
W Mangunwardoyo ◽  
I Hidayat ◽  
E Saepudin
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract Pseudomonas azotoformans known for the benefit on agriculture area as soil fertility enhancer. Pseudomonas azotoformans UICC B-91 was successfully isolated from tissues of N. altissima which traditionally known for treating infectious diseases. Therefore, endophytic P. azotoformans might contain antimicrobial compound. This research aims on exploring the antimicrobial activities of several extracts P. azotoformans UICC B-91 against pathogenic microbes. Isolates were extracted with dichloromethane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. Each crude extract was observed for its potential antimicrobial activity with disc diffusion method against several pathogen microbes. Bioactive compound was assayed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and screened by bioautography. Results indicated that all crude extract have inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6583, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 25241, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 19659 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Highest clear zone was on dichloromethane extract. TLC fraction of dichloromethane extract was able to inhibit growth on pathogenic bacteria (except for B. subtilis ATCC 19659 and S. aureus ATCC 6583) and fungi at minimum concentration in the range 125-1,000 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL, respectively. Bioactive compound from endophytic P. azotoformans extracted with dichloromethane have antibacterial and anticandidal effect.

In Vitro Effects of Ethanol on Rabbit Platelet Aggregation, Secretion of Granule Contents, and Cyclic AMP Levels in the Presence of Prostacyclin

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (02) ◽  
pp. 254-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret L Rand ◽  
Peter L Gross ◽  
Donna M Jakowec ◽  
Marian A Packham ◽  
J Fraser Mustard
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Rabbit Platelet ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Rabbit Platelets ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Aggregation Of Platelets

SummaryEthanol, at physiologically tolerable concentrations, inhibits platelet responses to low concentrations of collagen or thrombin, but does not inhibit responses of washed rabbit platelets stimulated with high concentrations of ADP, collagen, or thrombin. However, when platelet responses to high concentrations of collagen or thrombin had been partially inhibited by prostacyclin (PGI2), ethanol had additional inhibitory effects on aggregation and secretion. These effects were also observed with aspirin- treated platelets stimulated with thrombin. Ethanol had no further inhibitory effect on aggregation of platelets stimulated with ADP, or the combination of ADP and epinephrine. Thus, the inhibitory effects of ethanol on platelet responses in the presence of PGI2 were very similar to its inhibitory effects in the absence of PGI2, when platelets were stimulated with lower concentrations of collagen or thrombin. Ethanol did not appear to exert its inhibitory effects by increasing cyclic AMP above basal levels and the additional inhibitory effects of ethanol in the presence of PGI2 did not appear to be brought about by further increases in platelet cyclic AMP levels.

Preliminary in Vitro Investigations on The Inhibitory Activity of The Original Dietary Supplement Oxidal® on Pathogenic Bacterial Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Prof. Teodora P. Popova ◽  
Toshka Petrova ◽  
Ignat Ignatov ◽  
Stoil Karadzhov
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Microbial Strains

The antimicrobial action of the dietary supplement Oxidal® was tested using the classic Bauer and Kirby agar-gel diffusion method. Clinical and reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were used in the studies. The tested dietary supplement showed a well-pronounced inhibitory effect against the microbial strains commensurable with that of the broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent Enrofloxacin and showed even higher activity than the broad spectrum antibiotic Thiamphenicol. The proven inhibitory effect of the tested dietary supplement against the examined pathogenic bacteria is in accordance with the established clinical effectiveness standards for antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Identification of 3-chymotrypsin like protease (3CLPro) inhibitors as potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicky Mody ◽  
Joanna Ho ◽  
Savannah Wills ◽  
Ahmed Mawri ◽  
Latasha Lawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Fda Approved Drugs ◽  
Computational Molecular Modeling

AbstractEmerging outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a major threat to public health. The morbidity is increasing due to lack of SARS-CoV-2 specific drugs. Herein, we have identified potential drugs that target the 3-chymotrypsin like protease (3CLpro), the main protease that is pivotal for the replication of SARS-CoV-2. Computational molecular modeling was used to screen 3987 FDA approved drugs, and 47 drugs were selected to study their inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2 specific 3CLpro enzyme in vitro. Our results indicate that boceprevir, ombitasvir, paritaprevir, tipranavir, ivermectin, and micafungin exhibited inhibitory effect towards 3CLpro enzymatic activity. The 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation studies showed that ivermectin may require homodimeric form of 3CLpro enzyme for its inhibitory activity. In summary, these molecules could be useful to develop highly specific therapeutically viable drugs to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 replication either alone or in combination with drugs specific for other SARS-CoV-2 viral targets.

scholarly journals Amphetamine-Decreased Progesterone and Estradiol Release in Rat Granulosa Cells: The Regulatory Role of cAMP- and Ca2+-Mediated Signaling Pathways

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 493
Author(s):  
 Chung-Yu Chen ◽  
Chien-Rung Chen ◽  
Chiao-Nan Chen ◽  
Paulus S. Wang ◽  
Toby Mündel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Steroidogenic Enzyme ◽  
Estradiol Secretion ◽  
Basal Release ◽  
Ca2 Channels

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the amphetamine effects on progesterone and estradiol production in rat granulosa cells and the underlying cellular regulatory mechanisms. Freshly dispersed rat granulosa cells were cultured with various test drugs in the presence of amphetamine, and the estradiol/progesterone production and the cytosolic cAMP level were measured. Additionally, the cytosolic-free Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) were measured to examine the role of Ca2+ influx in the presence of amphetamine. Amphetamine in vitro inhibited both basal and porcine follicle-stimulating hormone-stimulated estradiol/progesterone release, and amphetamine significantly decreased steroidogenic enzyme activities. Adding 8-Bromo-cAMP did not recover the inhibitory effects of amphetamine on progesterone and estradiol release. H89 significantly decreased progesterone and estradiol basal release but failed to enhance a further amphetamine inhibitory effect. Amphetamine was capable of further suppressing the release of estradiol release under the presence of nifedipine. Pretreatment with the amphetamine for 2 h decreased the basal [Ca2+]i and prostaglandin F2α-stimulated increase of [Ca2+]i. Amphetamine inhibits progesterone and estradiol secretion in rat granulosa cells through a mechanism involving decreased PKA-downstream steroidogenic enzyme activity and L-type Ca2+ channels. Our current findings show that it is necessary to study the possibility of amphetamine perturbing reproduction in females.

scholarly journals In Vitro α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibitory Activities of Free and Bound Phenolic Extracts from the Bran and Kernel Fractions of Five Sorghum Grain Genotypes

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1301
Author(s):  
Yun Xiong ◽  
Ken Ng ◽  
Pangzhen Zhang ◽  
Robyn Dorothy Warner ◽  
Shuibao Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Global Health Challenge ◽  
Phenolic Extracts

Diabetes is a global health challenge. Currently, an effective treatment for diabetes is to reduce the postprandial hyperglycaemia by inhibiting the carbohydrate hydrolysing enzymes in the digestive system. In this study, we investigated the in vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory effects of free and bound phenolic extracts, from the bran and kernel fractions of five sorghum grain genotypes. The results showed that the inhibitory effect of sorghum phenolic extracts depended on the phenolic concentration and composition. Sorghum with higher phenolic contents generally had higher inhibitory activity. Among the tested extracts, the brown sorghum (IS131C)-bran-free extract (BR-bran-free, half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 18 ± 11 mg sorghum/mL) showed the strongest inhibition against α-glucosidase which was comparable to that of acarbose (IC50 = 1.39 ± 0.23 mg acarbose/mL). The red sorghum (Mr-Buster)-kernel-bound extract (RM-kernel-bound, IC50 = 160 ± 12 mg sorghum/mL) was the most potent in inhibiting α-amylase but was much weaker compared to acarbose (IC50 = 0.50 ± 0.03 mg acarbose/mL).

A STUDY OF THE INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF CHICK WHOLE EYE EXTRACT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LENS OF THE CHICK EMBRYO IN VITRO

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Reactive System ◽  
Vesicle Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Muscle Extract ◽  
Lens Vesicle ◽  
And Control

To demonstrate the phenomenon of homologous inhibition by clearly interpretable results in a readily reactive system, experiments were carried out to study the effect of chick whole eye extract on the development of the vesicular lens of the chick embryo in vitro. The heads of embryos of 11 through 13 somites were explanted onto nutrient medium diluted with varying amounts of the extract, and cultured for 30 hours. A total of 35 embryos exposed to concentrations of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 (extract to medium) showed complete inhibition of lens vesicle formation. Of a total of 53 embryos on concentrations of 1:8, 1:16, 1:32, and 1:64, more than 50% showed inhibition of vesicle formation. The inhibitory effect disappeared at a concentration of 1:128. Control material exposed to some equivalent concentrations of nutrient medium – saline mixtures showed inhibition of vesicle formation in only 15% of 33 embryos. Of a total of 27 control embryos exposed to ventricular muscle extract, approximately one-third showed inhibition of vesicle formation at concentrations of 1:8 and 1:16, with the inhibitory effect disappearing at 1:32. The implications of this result are discussed. Other factors and control experiments are described and their value is assessed.

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