scholarly journals Zinc Plant Uptake as Result of Edaphic Factors Acting

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2496
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Sergeevich Anisimov ◽  
Lydia Nikolaevna Anisimova ◽  
Andrey Ivanovich Sanzharov
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Sequential Fractionation ◽  
Zinc Compounds ◽  
Chemical Fractions ◽  
Zinc Plant ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Toxic Concentrations ◽  
Transformation Processes

The influence of soil characteristics on the lability and bioavailability of zinc at both background and phytotoxic concentrations in Albic Retisol soil (Loamic, Ochric) was studied using various methods. Ranges of insufficient, non-phytotoxic, and phytotoxic zinc concentrations in soil solutions were established in an experiment with an aqueous barley culture. It was experimentally revealed that for a wide range of non-toxic concentrations of Zn in the soil corresponding to the indicative type of plant response, there was constancy of the concentration ratio (CR) and concentration factor (CF) migration parameters. As a result, a new method for assessing the buffer capacity of soils with respect to Zn (PBCZn) is proposed. The transformation processes of the chemical forms and root uptake of native (natural) zinc contained in the Albic Retisol (Loamic, Ochric) through the aqueous culture of barley were studied using a cyclic lysimetric installation and radioactive 65Zn tracer. The distribution patterns of Zn(65Zn) between different forms (chemical fractions) in the soil were established using the sequential fractionation scheme of BCR. The coefficients of distribution and concentration factors of natural Zn and 65Zn, as well as accumulation and removal of the metal by plants were estimated. The values of the enrichment factor of natural (stable) Zn contained in sequentially extracted chemical fractions with the 65Zn radioisotope were determined and the amount of the pool of labile zinc compounds in the studied soil was calculated.

scholarly journals Surveillance for diseases, pathogens, and toxicants of muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) in Pennsylvania and surrounding regions

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260987
Author(s):  
Laken S. Ganoe ◽  
Justin D. Brown ◽  
Matthew J. Lovallo ◽  
Michael J. Yabsley ◽  
Kayla B. Garrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Ondatra Zibethicus ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Toxic Concentrations

Using diagnostic data and contemporary sampling efforts, we conducted surveillance for a diversity of pathogens, toxicants, and diseases of muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus). Between 1977 and 2019, 26 diagnostic cases were examined from Kansas and throughout the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic, USA. We identified multiple causes of mortality in muskrats, but trauma (8/26), Tyzzer’s disease (5/6), and cysticercosis (5/26) were the most common. We also conducted necropsies, during November 2018—January 2019 Pennsylvania muskrat trapping season, on 380 trapper-harvested muskrat carcasses after the pelt was removed. Tissue samples and exudate were tested for presence of or exposure to a suite of pathogens and contaminants. Gastrointestinal tracts were examined for helminths. Intestinal helminths were present in 39.2% of necropsied muskrats, with Hymenolepis spp. (62%) and echinostome spp. (44%) being the most common Molecular testing identified a low prevalence of infection with Clostridium piliforme in the feces and Sarcocystis spp. in the heart. We detected a low seroprevalence to Toxoplasma gondii (1/380). No muskrats were positive for Francisella tularensis or Babesia spp. Cysticercosis was detected in 20% (5/26) of diagnostic cases and 15% (57/380) of our trapper-harvested muskrats. Toxic concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, lead, or mercury were not detected in tested liver samples. Copper, molybdenum, and zinc concentrations were detected at acceptable levels comparative to previous studies. Parasite intensity and abundance were typical of historic reports; however, younger muskrats had higher intensity of infection than older muskrats which is contradictory to what has been previously reported. A diversity of pathogens and contaminants have been reported from muskrats, but the associated disease impacts are poorly understood. Our data are consistent with historic reports and highlight the wide range of parasites, pathogens and contaminants harbored by muskrats in Pennsylvania. The data collected are a critical component in assessing overall muskrat health and serve as a basis for understanding the impacts of disease on recent muskrat population declines.

scholarly journals Potential impacts of climate change on Mongolia’s plant protection status quo

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Batkhuyag B ◽  
Batnaran Kh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Modeling ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Migratory Locust ◽  
Colorado Beetle ◽  
Wide Range

Mongolia’s 2030 Sustainable Development Vision set a goal to be a self-sufficient in grain, potatoes and vegetables by 2030. However, Mongolia’s pastoral animal husbandry and rain-fed agriculture are extremely sensitive to climate change. The Asian migratory locust is considered as the most harmful grasshopper in the world. Until 1970th, these locust’s distribution areas in Mongolia were confined to oasis of Gobi deserts. A study on Asian migratory locust in Russia predicts distribution and formation of new permanent habitats of the locust in Chita oblast, Krasnoyarsk territory and Republic of Tyva. The Colorado beetle is one of the world’s most infamous invasive species due to its rapid adaptation to a wide range of ecological conditions and ability to disperse long distances. The climate modeling of Colorado beetle showed that with current trend, the beetle will expand its distribution into the most eastern and north-eastern regions of the Russian Federation. In China, the Colorado beetle was first detected in Xinjiang in 1993 and subsequently spread eastward. In China the Colorado beetle is currently expanding its areas at rate of 25 kms year (12-45 kms/year). Both species’ distribution patterns in neighboring countries show eventual establishment of permanent habitats around Mongolia. Their invasion to Mongolia will threaten country’s food security due to direct destruction of cereal and potato crops, and increased application of highly toxic pesticides. In light of these threats, Mongolia should start taking serious preventive measures by increasing surveillance and dedicated risk assessment studies for potential agricultural pests and diseases.

Synthesis and third-order nonlinear optical properties of novel ethynyl-linked heteropentamer composed of four porphyrins and one pyrene

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Sheng ◽  
Jing Sun ◽  
Yongzhong Bian ◽  
Jianzhuang Jiang ◽  
Dong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Zinc Compounds ◽  
Nlo Properties ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wide Range

Novel heteropentameric porphyrins-pyrene arrays, in which four meso-tetraphenyl porphyrins are linked to the center unit of pyrene by four acetylenyl bonds, were designed and synthesized. The newly synthesized heteropentameric compounds have been characterized by a wide range of spectroscopic methods. The third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of both the metal-free and zinc compounds of the three-dimensional arrays were investigated by Z-scan experiments, showing enhanced NLO properties compared with that of the porphyrin and pyrene monomers.

scholarly journals Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti complex from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Wang ◽  
Q. Chen ◽  
Y.Z. Diao ◽  
W.J. Duan ◽  
L. Cai
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
Wide Range

The Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC) is shown to encompass 33 phylogenetic species, across a wide range of habitats/hosts around the world. Here, 77 pathogenic and endophytic FIESC strains collected from China were studied to investigate the phylogenetic relationships within FIESC, based on a polyphasic approach combining morphological characters, multi-locus phylogeny and distribution patterns. The importance of standardised cultural methods to the identification and classification of taxa in the FIESC is highlighted. Morphological features of macroconidia, including the shape, size and septum number, were considered as diagnostic characters within the FIESC. A multi-locus dataset encompassing the 5.8S nuclear ribosomal gene with the two flanking internal transcribed spacers (ITS), translation elongation factor (EF-1α), calmodulin (CAM), partial RNA polymerase largest subunit (RPB1) and partial RNA polymerase second largest subunit (RPB2), was generated to distinguish species within the FIESC. Nine novel species were identified and described. The RPB2 locus is demonstrated to be a primary barcode with high success rate in amplification, and to have the best species delimitation compared to the other four tested loci.

The elevation gradient of lichen species richness in Nepal

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chitra Bahadur BANIYA ◽  
Torstein SOLHØY ◽  
Yngvar GAUSLAA ◽  
Michael W. PALMER
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

AbstractThis study of elevation gradients of lichen species richness in Nepal aimed to compare distribution patterns of different life-forms, substratum affinities, photobiont types, and Nepalese endemism. Distribution patterns of lichens were compared with elevational patterns shown by a wide range of taxonomic groups of plants along the Nepalese Himalayan elevational gradient between 200–7400m. We used published data on the elevation records of 525 Nepalese lichen species to interpolate presence between the maximum and minimum recorded elevations, thereby giving estimates of lichen species richness at each 100-m elevational band. The observed patterns were compared with previously published patterns for other taxonomic groups. The total number of lichens as well as the number of endemic species (55 spp.) showed humped relationships with elevation. Their highest richness was observed between 3100–3400 and 4000–4100m, respectively. Almost 33% of the total lichens and 53% of the endemic species occurred above the treeline (>4300m). Non-endemic richness had the same response as the total richness. All growth forms showed a unimodal relationship of richness with elevation, with crustose lichens having a peak at higher elevations (4100–4200m) than fruticose and foliose lichens. Algal and cyanobacterial lichen richness, as well as corticolous lichen richness, all exhibited unimodal patterns, whereas saxicolous and terricolous lichen richness exhibited slightly bimodal relationships with elevation. The highest lichen richness at mid altitudes concurred with the highest diversity of ecological niches in terms of spatial heterogeneity in rainfall, temperature, cloud formation, as well as high phorophyte abundance and diversity implying large variation in bark roughness, moisture retention capacity, and pH. The slightly bimodal distributions of saxicolous and terricolous lichens were depressed at the elevational maximum of corticolous lichens.

Response of plant species to concentrations of zinc in solution. I. Growth and zinc content of plants

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 859 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Carroll ◽  
JF Loneragan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Nutrient Culture ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Standard Culture ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Toxicity Effects

When eight plant species were grown in a flowing culture system over a range of constant zinc concentrations, all species produced maximum yields at concentrations of zinc in solution below those usually considered adequate for plant growth. All species made good growth at a concentration of 0.01 µM zinc and maximal growth at 0.25 µM zinc or less. Toxicity effects were also induced at lower concentrations (1–6 µM) than previously reported. Differences in yield response among species did not agree in all cases with previously reported responses in standard culture and in the field. Disagreement between results in the flowing culture method used here and the standard methods of nutrient culture may arise from the contrasting characteristics of zinc supply under which deficiency develops. It is considered that results from both methods have relevance to the absorption of zinc by plants from soil solutions.

Zinc Loaded Clay as Activator in Sulfur Vulcanization: A New Route for Zinc Oxide Reduction in Rubber Compounds

2004 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geert Heideman ◽  
Jacques W. M. Noordermeer ◽  
Rabin N. Datta ◽  
Ben van Baarle
Keyword(s):  
Model Compound ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Zinc Compounds ◽  
Ion Exchange Process ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sulfur Vulcanization ◽  
Reduction Of Zno ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Concern about the release of eco-toxic zinc species from rubbers into the environment leads to an increasing interest in potential substitutes. Although alternative metal oxides and zinc compounds as activators for sulfur vulcanization have been studied thoroughly, at present no viable alternative has been found to eliminate ZnO completely from rubber compounds, without significantly jeopardizing processing as well as performance characteristics. In this paper, the application of a new activator for sulfur vulcanization will be discussed. This activator is developed based on the assumption that an increase in the availability of Zn2+-ions could lead to a considerable reduction of ZnO in rubber compounds. Montmorillonite clay was used as carrier material and loaded with Zn2+-ions via an ion-exchange process. Application in a wide range of natural and synthetic rubbers has been explored. Results clearly demonstrate that this Zn-Clay can substitute conventional ZnO, retaining the curing and physical properties of the rubber products but reducing the zinc concentration with a factor 10 to 20. Model Compound Vulcanization studies have been used to gain an insight into the mechanism of this activator. It can be concluded that systems with Zn2+-ions on a support represent a new and novel route to reduce the zinc level, and therefore to minimize its environmental impact significantly.

The aqueous geochemistry of thallium: speciation and solubility of thallium in low temperature systems

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongliang Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Solubility Product ◽  
Formation Constants ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Thermodynamic Database ◽  
Aqueous Geochemistry ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

Environmental context. The aqueous geochemistry of thallium is not well known in comparison with cadmium and lead, although it is more highly toxic, and at the same time has a wide range of industrial applications. A database allowing us to reliably predict the speciation and solubility of thallium in various environments in low temperature systems would be invaluable in providing some understanding of thallium’s mobilisation and mitigation. We propose here such a thermodynamic database based on critical reviews. Abstract. Thallium is a highly toxic element, and at the same time it has a wide range of applications in industry. Therefore, it is important to know its speciation and solubility under low temperature conditions. This study expands the thermodynamic database of the first paper of this series on the aqueous geochemistry of thallium by providing the formation constants of some important thallium complexes, including TlEDTA3–, TlOx– (Ox: oxalate), TlSuc– (Suc: succinate), TlMal– (Mal: malonate) and TlHPO4–. This study also recommends the solubility product constant of TlCl(s) as 10–3.65. The combined database allows us to model reliably the speciation and solubility of thallium in the Earth surface environments. As an example, the speciation and solubility of thallium in soil solutions are presented based on thermodynamic calculations.

Mapping and analysis of distribution patterns of lichens on rural medieval churches in north-eastern Germany

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Weber ◽  
Burkhard Büdel
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Habitat Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Detailed Statistical Analysis ◽  
Stone Walls ◽  
Important Habitat

AbstractLichen communities were examined on 62 churches in Mecklenburg–Vorpommern, Germany. Ninety-six lichen species and subspecies, and three species of lichenicolous fungi identified. Tylothallia biformigera and Lecanora campestris subsp. dolomitica are reported as new Germany, and another 20 species are considered as threatened. This implies that the stone walls churches represent an extremely important habitat in Mecklenburg–Vorpommern, where natural outcrops are rare. The distribution of lichen species was analyzed quantitatively in relation to several habitat factors. Aspect, substratum and inclination were found to be important factors for 35, 34 31 species, respectively. The height of the relevé was a significant factor for many species. Twenty-three species, which are described in the literature with oceanic to suboceanic distributions, occur significantly more frequently near the coast. The ways in which microclimate affects each these habitat factors and contributes to the presence or absence of a species or group of species discussed. Some species have narrow and specific habitat demands, whereas others thrive under wide range of environmental conditions. The advantages of a strictly schematic approach with detailed statistical analysis are discussed.

scholarly journals Mesocell Study Area Snow Distributions for the Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX)

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 957-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen E. Liston ◽  
Christopher A. Hiemstra ◽  
Kelly Elder ◽  
Donald W. Cline
Keyword(s):  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Meteorological Model ◽  
Meteorological Forcing ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Snow Water ◽  
Grid Points ◽  
Evolution Modeling

Abstract The Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX) had a goal of describing snow-related features over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. This required linking disparate snow tools and datasets into one coherent, integrated package. Simulating realistic high-resolution snow distributions and features requires a snow-evolution modeling system (SnowModel) that can distribute meteorological forcings, simulate snowpack accumulation and ablation processes, and assimilate snow-related observations. A SnowModel was developed and used to simulate winter snow accumulation across three 30 km × 30 km domains, enveloping the CLPX mesocell study areas (MSAs) in Colorado. The three MSAs have distinct topography, vegetation, meteorological, and snow characteristics. Simulations were performed using a 30-m grid increment and spanned the snow accumulation season (1 October 2002–1 April 2003). Meteorological forcing was provided by 27 meteorological stations and 75 atmospheric analyses grid points, distributed using a meteorological model (MicroMet). The simulations included a data assimilation model (SnowAssim) that adjusted simulated snow water equivalent (SWE) toward ground-based and airborne SWE observations. The observations consisted of SWE over three 1 km × 1 km intensive study areas (ISAs) for each MSA and a collection of 117 airborne gamma observations, each integrating area 10 km long by 300 m wide. Simulated SWE distributions displayed considerably more spatial heterogeneity than the observations alone, and the simulated distribution patterns closely fit the current understanding of snow evolution processes and observed snow depths. This is the result of the MicroMet/SnowModel’s relatively finescale representations of orographic precipitation, elevation-dependant snowmelt, wind redistribution, and snow–vegetation interactions.

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