scholarly journals Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Some Egyptian Six-Rowed Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2527
Author(s):  
Azza H. Mohamed ◽  
Ahmad A. Omar ◽  
Ahmed M. Attya ◽  
Mohamed M. A. Elashtokhy ◽  
Ehab M. Zayed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Rbcl Gene ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Plastid Markers

Barley production is essential in Egypt. In the present study, 15 different six-rowed Egyptian barley cultivars were studied. To differentiate between the different cultivars under study in terms of morphological characteristics and ISSR, molecular characterization reactions were carried out. Moreover, four cultivars (Giza 123, Giza 126, Giza 136, and Giza 138) were selected for further studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Computational analysis of the DNA barcoding sequences of the two plastid markers rbcL and matK was executed, and the results were deposited in the NCBI database. The morphological traits showed low statistical significance among the different cultivars under study via the data collected from two seasons, suggesting that the mean field performance of these Egyptian cultivars may be equal under these conditions. The results showed that the phylogenetic tree was divided into four groups, one of which contained the most closely related genotypes in the genetic distance, including Giza 124, Giza 130, Giza 138, Giza 136, and Giza 137, which converge in the indicative uses of farmers. The seed coat of the studied cultivars was “rugose”. The elevation folding of the rugose pattern ranged from 11 ± 1.73 µm (Giza 126) to 14.67 ± 2.43 µm (Giza 123), suggesting variation in seed quality and its uses in feed and the food industry. According to the similarity matrix of ISSR analysis, the highest similarity value (93%) was recorded between Giza 133 and Giza 132, as well as between Giza 2000 and Giza 126. On the other hand, the lowest similarity value (80%) was recorded between Giza 130 and (Giza 133 and Giza 132), indicating that these cultivars were distantly related. Polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.26 for the primer ISSR UBC 835 to 0.37 for the primers ISSR UBC 814 and ISSR UBC 840. The current study showed that the matK gene is more mutable than the rbcL gene among the tested cultivars.

Plant Volatiles and Oviposition Behavior in the Selection of Barley Cultivars by Wheat Stem Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buddhi B Achhami ◽  
Gadi V P Reddy ◽  
M L Hofland ◽  
Jamie D Sherman ◽  
Robert K D Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Selection ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Hexenyl Acetate ◽  
Host Selection Behavior ◽  
Selection Decisions

Abstract Wheat stem sawfly, [Cephus cinctus (Hymenoptera: Cephidae)], females display complex behaviors for host selection and oviposition. Susceptible hollow stem wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars release a greater amount of attractive compound, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and receive a greater number of eggs compared to resistant solid stem wheat cultivars. However, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is becoming a more common host for C. cinctus in Montana. Therefore, how do host selection and oviposition behaviors on barley cultivars compare to what happens when encountering wheat cultivars? To answer this question, we carried out greenhouse experiments using two barley cultivars: ‘Hockett’ and ‘Craft’. Between these cultivars at Zadoks stages 34 and 49, we compared host selection decisions using a Y-tube olfactometer, compared oviposition behaviors on stems, and counted the number of eggs inside individual stems. In Y-tube bioassays, we found a greater number of C. cinctus females were attracted to the airstream passing over ‘Hockett’ than ‘Craft’ barley cultivars. Although the frequencies of oviposition behaviors were similar between these cultivars, the number of eggs was greater in ‘Hockett’. Volatile profiles indicated that the amount of linalool was greater in the airstream from ‘Craft’ than in ‘Hockett’ at Zadoks 34 while the amount of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate was greater in airstream from ‘Hockett’ at both Zadoks 34 and 49. These results suggest that volatiles of barley plants influenced host selection behavior of ovipositing C. cinctus females, while other discriminating behaviors do not differ between cultivars.

Classification of cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare). 1. Historical aspects, and phenetic character analysis of some characters by information theory and by spatial autocorrelation

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2769-2773
Author(s):  
Bernard B. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Character Analysis ◽  
Barley Cultivars

A brief historical sketch of the classification of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars is presented along with reference to key reviews on this subject. Characters, utilized in the comprehensive study on the barley cultivars of North America by Aberg and Wiebe (U.S. Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 942), were subjected to a series of phenetic character analyses using an information theory model and a spatial autocorrelation model. The ranking of the 48 characters in order of their importance (for classification and identification purposes) from the character analysis by information theory was compared with the previous rating of characters made by Aberg and Wiebe and was found to differ significantly. Numerous trials of character analysis by spatial autocorrelation using various Minkowski distances, setting various values among three parameters, never yielded results comparable with those obtained by Aberg and Wiebe. Among those trials, a few combinations of values for the three parameters (X, Y, and Z) yielded results comparable with those obtained with character analysis by information theory. Those same combinations of values were found by Estabrook and Gates (Taxon, 33: 13–25) in their study of Banisteriopsis in 1984, where they also developed the method of character analysis by spatial autocorrelation. Kernel weight was found to be the most important character.

THE DIGESTIBILITY BY PIGS OF DRY MATTER, ENERGY, PROTEIN AND AMINO ACIDS IN WHEAT CULTIVARS. II. FIFTEEN CULTIVARS GROWN IN TWO YEARS, COMPARED WITH BONANZA AND FERGUS BARLEYS, AND 3CW-GRADE HARD RED SPRING WHEAT

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. ANDERSON ◽  
J. M. BELL
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Triticum Vulgare ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Available Lysine

Fifteen wheat cultivars (Triticum vulgare L.) and two barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.), some grown in two or three different years, were evaluated in two digestion trials with pigs of 40 kg initial weight. Some samples had frost damage. Each cultivar was measured for bulk weight (kg/hL), weight in g/1000 kernels, kernel plumpness and percent germination. The grains and feces were analyzed for gross energy, crude protein and amino acids. The diets comprised 95.7% ground grain, 0.5% chromic oxide, and mineral and vitamin supplements. Crude protein (N × 6.25) ranged from 11.1 to 19.7%. In terms of digestibility of energy, digestibility of protein, content of digestible crude protein (DCP), available lysine and digestible energy (DE), the wheat cultivars Inia-66 and Neepawa ranked highest, followed by Norquay, then Glenlea, Pitic-62 and PFW606A. Within cultivar, year-to-year differences were observed as well as some effects of frost damage. Cultivar differences in DE were found but DCP and available lysine were identified as the most important nutritional criteria for wheat to be used as the major grain in the animal diet. Environmental conditions affecting crop growth and seed maturity may be as important as genetic differences between cultivars in regard to nutritional quality evaluations as measured in these trials.Key words: Digestibility, wheat, protein, energy, amino acids, pigs

scholarly journals REGRESSION ALGORITHMS IN ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOTOR CHARACTERISTICS ON 60-M SPRINT

2019 ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Milica Filipović ◽  
Veroljub Stanković ◽  
Milan Čoh ◽  
Biljana Vitošević ◽  
Dragana Radosavljević
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Explosive Power ◽  
Upper And Lower Extremities ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the present study was to identify the relationship between morphological parameters and motor skills that are important for sprint performance in children aged 8 to 16 years divided into four age groups (U10, U12, U14, U16) in both genders. The sample consisted of two hundred eighty one participant who trained sprinting in various athletic clubs. A prediction set of twenty-five variables for assessing morphological characteristics and motor skills was applied, and the criterion variable was a sprint at 60m. Using multiple correlation, it has been established that a large number of morphological characteristics are statistically significant positive correlation with the sprint, especially the longitudinal variables, while the variables of skinfolds showed a low negative statistical significance in relation to the given criterion. In the field of motor skills, the highest number of positive statistically significant correlations were found in the tests of explosive power of the upper and lower extremities, agility test and horizontal and vertical jump tests. In order to determine which morphological features and motor skills should be applied in sprint running training, we tested related attributes using different algorithms for data mining (LR, M5, KNN, SVM, MLP, RBF). The results suggests that the predictors that we use can continue to be applied with high reliability in assessing sprint performance, but also in the monitoring of the training process in order to profile the better sprint achievements.

scholarly journals Accelerated aging test and image analysis for barley seed

2019 ◽  
pp. 1546-1551
Author(s):  
Luciano Antônio Ebone ◽  
Inri Mateus Gonçalves ◽  
Nadia Canali Lângaro
Keyword(s):  
Digital Images ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Barley Seed ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Analysis System

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) planted area has increased in Brazil after a decline from 2005‒2009, but the country continues to import malt for the brewing industry. The physiological quality of the seed lot is essential for plant establishment and for screening for high yield grain. However, a uniform accelerated aging (AA) procedure has not been developed for testing barley seeds. Thus, this study aimed to determine the best AA method for measuring barley seed vigor. Seeds of three barley cultivars (BRS Cauê, BRS Brau, and MN 6021) were subjected to four AA treatment (T1: 41 °C for 72 h; T2: 42 °C for 48 h; T3: 42 °C for 60 h; and T4: 43 °C for 48 h). The following variables were evaluated using traditional vigor tests: seed viability in the first and last count of the germination test, number of seminal roots, shoot length, and radicle length. In addition, digital images of seedlings were acquired with the Seed Analysis System (SAS®) to compute seedling vigor, growth, and uniformity. AA methods T2 and T3 were effective in separating barley cultivars into vigor categories at day four of the germination test. Computer analysis of digital images of barley seedlings is a valuable tool for testing barley seed vigor. Accelerated aging methods T2 and T3 also gave the best separation in seed lot vigor and seedling growth using the SAS® index, respectively.

scholarly journals Slow Rusting Resistance in Iranian Barley Cultivars to Puccinia Striiformis F. Sp. Hordei

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safar Ali Safavi ◽  
Assadollah Babai Ahari ◽  
Farzad Afshari ◽  
Mahdi Arzanlou
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Slow Rusting ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Long Time

Abstract Race-specific resistance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to the yellow rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei, has been reported to be short-lived. Slow rusting resistance has been reported to last for a long time. Twenty Iranian barley cultivars along with resistant and susceptible controls were tested during the 2009-2010 and the 2010-2011 cropping seasons, in field plots at the Ardabil Agricultural Research Station (Iran). The cultivars were tested to identify slow rusting genotypes through epidemiological variables which included: final rust severity (FRS), apparent infection rate (r), relative area under the disease progress curve (rAUDPC), and coefficient of infection (CI). Moreover, differential sets were evaluated in order to determine effective and ineffective resistance genes to barley yellow rust. Results of the mean comparison of resistance parameters showed that cultivars Makouee, Dasht, Fasih, and Arass had low values of FRS, CI, r and rAUDPC compared with susceptible cultivars. The cultivars Walfajre, Abidar and Sahand which had moderate values of the different parameters, were marked as possessing a moderate level of slow rusting. The rest of the cultivars which had high values of different quantitative parameters, were grouped as having a low level of slow rusting or as susceptible. The correlation coefficient between different parameters of slow rusting was significantly high (r = 0.83-0.98). The virulence profile of the prevalent races revealed that rpsEm1, rpsEm2, rpsHF, Rps4, rpsVa1, rpsVa2, rpsAst were effective, and rps2, Rps1.b were ineffective resistance genes during the two year testing period.

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