scholarly journals A Crop Modelling Strategy to Improve Cacao Quality and Productivity

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Angela Patricia Romero Vergel ◽  
Anyela Valentina Camargo Rodriguez ◽  
Oscar Dario Ramirez ◽  
Paula Andrea Arenas Velilla ◽  
Adriana Maria Gallego
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Crop Model ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Crop Models ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mathematical Relationships

Cacao production systems in Colombia are of high importance due to their direct impact in the social and economic development of smallholder farmers. Although Colombian cacao has the potential to be in the high value markets for fine flavour, the lack of expert support as well as the use of traditional, and often times sub-optimal technologies makes cacao production negligible. Traditionally, cacao harvest takes place at exactly the same time regardless of the geographic and climatic region where it is grown, the problem with this strategy is that cacao beans are often unripe or over matured and a combination of both will negatively affect the quality of the final cacao product. Since cacao fruit development can be considered as the result of a number of physiological and morphological processes that can be described by mathematical relationships even under uncontrolled environments. Environmental parameters that have more association with pod maturation speed should be taken into account to decide the appropriate time to harvest. In this context, crop models are useful tools to simulate and predict crop development over time and under multiple environmental conditions. Since harvesting at the right time can yield high quality cacao, we parameterised a crop model to predict the best time for harvest cacao fruits in Colombia. The cacao model uses weather variables such as temperature and solar radiation to simulate the growth rate of cocoa fruits from flowering to maturity. The model uses thermal time as an indicator of optimal maturity. This model can be used as a practical tool that supports cacao farmers in the production of high quality cacao which is usually paid at a higher price. When comparing simulated and observed data, our results showed an RRMSE of 7.2% for the yield prediction, while the simulated harvest date varied between +/−2 to 20 days depending on the temperature variations of the year between regions. This crop model contributed to understanding and predicting the phenology of cacao fruits for two key cultivars ICS95 y CCN51.

SYSTEMIC CAUSES OF THE APPEARANCE OF “COBRA EFFECT” IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
M. S. Mokiy ◽  
E. K. Borzenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Gross National Product ◽  
The Family ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
The Right ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
Least Energy

The article on the basis of extrapolation of system laws of management of social and economic development illustrates the system reason of the Cobra effect, that is, a situation where, despite the rather attractive goals that managers formulate, the result of the activities of subordinates is opposite to what was intended. The main problem of management is the development of a system of indicators, in which, working on the indicator, employees would change the state in the right direction. The reason for the Cobra effect is the manifestation of systemic patterns of socio-economic development. The main system regularity is the desire of the system for stability and self-preservation. This state of the system is achieved using the least energy-consuming way. It is shown that any worker, realizing system regularities, aspires to stability and self-preservation. Therefore, the employee is always forced to work for achieving the indicator. The article analyzes the manifestation of these laws at the level of enterprises and state. When managers understand these patterns explicitly or covertly, changes in the economic system are moving in the right direction. It is shown that the existing system of target indicators used as indicators to assess the effectiveness of management does not meet the goals and objectives of socio-economic development. At the meso- and macrolevel, absolute, volumetric indicators, such as gross national product and others, reduce the range of benefits to the population. The article defines the vector of change in the system of indicators for assessing the effectiveness of management at the regional and state levels, based on the fact that the key element is the family. At the same time, the targets should be indicators to assess the availability of benefits for households.

Prospects for the development of agrarian production systems in in the Right Bank Polesie of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (95) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Tarariko ◽  
L.V. Datsko ◽  
M.O. Datsko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Agricultural Production Systems

The aim of the work is to assess the existing and prospective models for the development of agricultural production in Central Polesie on the basis of economic feasibility and ecological balance. The evaluation of promising agricultural production systems was carried out with the help of simulation modeling of various infrastructure options at the levels of crop and multisectoral specialization of agroecosystems. The agro-resource potential of Central Polesie is better implemented in the rotation with lupine, corn and flax dolguntsem with well-developed infrastructure, including crop, livestock units, grain processing and storage systems, feed, finished products and waste processing in the bioenergetic station. The expected income for the formation of such an infrastructure is almost 8 thousand dollars. / with a payback period of capital investments of 2-3 years.

Prerequisites to support high-quality clinical trials in children and young people

2020 ◽  
pp. archdischild-2019-318677
Author(s):  
Steven Hirschfeld ◽  
Florian B Lagler ◽  
Jenny M Kindblom
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Healthcare Delivery System ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
The Right ◽  
Support Decision Making

Children have the right to treatment based on the same quality of information that guides treatment in adults. Without the proper evaluation of medicinal products and devices in paediatric clinical trials that are designed to meet the rigorous standards of the competent authorities, children are discriminated from advances in medicine. There are regulatory, scientific and ethical incentives to address the knowledge gap regarding efficacy and safety of medicines in the paediatric population. High-quality clinical trials involving children of all ages can generate data that will ultimately close the knowledge gaps and support decision making.For clinical trials that enrol children, the needs are specialised and often resource intensive. Prerequisites for successful paediatric clinical trials are personnel with training in both paediatrics and neonatology and expertise in clinical trials in these populations. Moreover, national and international networks for efficient collaboration, dissemination of information, and sharing of resources and expertise are also needed, together with competent, efficient and high-quality local infrastructure with effective processes. Monitoring and oversight bodies with the relevant competence, including expertise in paediatrics, is also an important prerequisite for paediatric clinical trials. Compromise in any of these components will compromise the downstream results.This paper discusses the structures and competences needed in order to perform effective, high-quality paediatric clinical trials with the ultimate goal of better medicines and treatments for children. We propose a model of examining the process as a series of components that each has to be optimised, then all the components are actively optimised to function together as an ecosystem, and the resulting ecosystem functions well with the general research system and the healthcare delivery system.

scholarly journals Within-Season Changes in Land-Use Impact Pest Abundance in Smallholder African Cassava Production Systems

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Kalyebi ◽  
Sarina Macfadyen ◽  
Andrew Hulthen ◽  
Patrick Ocitti ◽  
Frances Jacomb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), an important commercial and food security crop in East and Central Africa, continues to be adversely affected by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. In Uganda, changes in smallholder farming landscapes due to crop rotations can impact pest populations but how these changes affect pest outbreak risk is unknown. We investigated how seasonal changes in land-use have affected B. tabaci population dynamics and its parasitoids. We used a large-scale field experiment to standardize the focal field in terms of cassava age and cultivar, then measured how Bemisia populations responded to surrounding land-use change. Bemisia tabaci Sub-Saharan Africa 1 (SSA1) was identified using molecular diagnostics as the most prevalent species and the same species was also found on surrounding soybean, groundnut, and sesame crops. We found that an increase in the area of cassava in the 3–7-month age range in the landscape resulted in an increase in the abundance of the B. tabaci SSA1 on cassava. There was a negative relationship between the extent of non-crop vegetation in the landscape and parasitism of nymphs suggesting that these parasitoids do not rely on resources in the non-crop patches. The highest abundance of B. tabaci SSA1 nymphs in cassava fields occurred at times when landscapes had large areas of weeds, low to moderate areas of maize, and low areas of banana. Our results can guide the development of land-use strategies that smallholder farmers can employ to manage these pests.

МЕТОД ГЛУБОКОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ С ПОДКРЕПЛЕНИЕМ ДЛЯ СИСТЕМ ИНТЕРНЕТА ВЕЩЕЙ НА БАЗЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ LORA С ОГРАНИЧЕННЫМИ РЕСУРСАМИ И ПОДДЕРЖКОЙ QoS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
 M.S. MUTHANNA ◽  
A.S. MUTHANNA ◽  
 A.S. BORODIN
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Code Rate ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Spreading Factor ◽  
Transmission Parameters ◽  
Factor Code

Achieving high Quality of Service (QoS) remains a challenge for LoRa technology. However, high QoS can be achieved via optimizing the transmission policy parameters such as bandwidth and code rate. Existing approaches do not provide an opportunity to optimize the LoRa networks' data transmission parameters. The article proposes transmission policy enforcementfor QoS-aware LoRanetworks.The QoSparameter ranking is implemented for IoT nodes where priority and nonpriority information is identified by the new field of LoRa frame structure(QRank).The optimaltransmissionpolicyenforcement uses fast deep reinforcement learning that utilizes the environmental parameters including QRank, signal quality, and signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio. The transmission policy is optimized for spreading factor, code rate, bandwidth, and carrier frequency. Performance evaluation is implemented using an NS3.26 LoRaWAN module. The performance is examined for various metrics such as delay and throughput. Достижение высокого качества обслуживания (QoS) по-прежнему остается достаточно сложной задачей для технологии LoRa. В принципе высокий уровень QoS может быть достигнут за счет оптимизации параметров передачи, например, пропускной способности и скорости передачи информации в сети. Известные на сегодняшний день решения не дают возможности оптимизировать параметры передачи данных для сетей LoRa. В статье предложен эффективный метод передачи данных, обеспечивающий требования по QoS при использовании технологии LoRa. Ранжирование параметров QoS для узлов интернета вещей определяется новым полем структуры фрейма LoRa (QRank) для приоритетной и неприоритетной информации. Для обеспечения эффективной передачи применяется быстрое глубокое обучение с подкреплением, для которого используются как параметры качества обслуживания, так и отношение сигнал/шум. Метод передачи оптимизирован с учетом коэффициента распространения, скорости передачи данных, полосы пропускания и несущей частоты. Оценка производительности при применении предложенного метода проведена с использованием модуля LoRaWAN в пакете имитационного моделирования NS3.26. Производительность оценивается на основе параметров задержки и пропускной способности.

scholarly journals Integrated Pathology Informatics Enables High-Quality Personalized and Precision Medicine: Digital Pathology and Beyond

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoya Volynskaya ◽  
Hung Chow ◽  
Andrew Evans ◽  
Alan Wolff ◽  
Cecilia Lagmay-Traya; ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Digital Pathology ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Whole Slide Imaging ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Pathology Informatics ◽  
Prognosis And Prediction ◽  
The Right

Context.— The critical role of pathology in diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction demands high-quality subspecialty diagnostics that integrates information from multiple laboratories. Objective.— To identify key requirements and to establish a systematic approach to providing high-quality pathology in a health care system that is responsible for services across a large geographic area. Design.— This report focuses on the development of a multisite pathology informatics platform to support high-quality surgical pathology and hematopathology using a sophisticated laboratory information system and whole slide imaging for histology and immunohistochemistry, integrated with ancillary tools, including electron microscopy, flow cytometry, cytogenetics, and molecular diagnostics. Results.— These tools enable patients in numerous geographic locations access to a model of subspecialty pathology that allows reporting of every specimen by the right pathologist at the right time. The use of whole slide imaging for multidisciplinary case conferences enables better communication among members of patient care teams. The system encourages data collection using a discrete data synoptic reporting module, has implemented documentation of quality assurance activities, and allows workload measurement, providing examples of additional benefits that can be gained by this electronic approach to pathology. Conclusion.— This approach builds the foundation for accurate big data collection and high-quality personalized and precision medicine.

scholarly journals Seed conditioning of red oak: a recalcitrant North American seed

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (spe) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.K. Struve
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Conditioning Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Seed Conditioning

A ten day aerated water soak was developed as a seed conditioning treatment for red oak (Quercus rubra L.). Conditioned seeds had higher germination completeness, uniformity and speed compared to control seeds. Seeds could be conditioned under a wide range of temperatures and durations. Conditioned seeds were maintained at 7(0)C for 30 days without loss of seed quality. During conditioning, pericarps split in response to seed hydration. Split pericarps could be used as a pre-sowing indicator for high quality seeds. Seed conditioning was ineffective on dormant seeds. Increased crop uniformity and higher stand establishment can be realized by subjecting red oak acorns to an aerated water soak treatment followed by selecting seeds with split pericarps. These results are especially important in container production systems where limited numbers of value seeds are available.

scholarly journals Strategi Marketing Public Relations Kopi Kenangan dalam Membangun Brand Awareness

Prologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Scelly Alvionita Chayadi ◽  
Riris Loisa ◽  
Sudarto Sudarto
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Brand Awareness ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Coffee Shop ◽  
Strategic Planning Process ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
The Right ◽  
Public Relations Strategy

The rapid growth of the coffee business in Indonesia especially JABODETABEK, has resulted in very tight competition for entrepreneurs in the coffee sector, this has made coffee shop entrepreneurs have to be able and must have the right strategy in dealing with this competition. The purpose of this study is to determine the Marketing Public Relations strategy of Kopi Kenangan in building brand awareness for the last 3 years. The theory used in this research is Whalen's 7 step Strategic Planning Process. The method used in this research is qualitative with the case study method. The data collection technique used was in-depth interviews. The results of this study indicate that the Marketing Public Relations of Kopi Kenangan wants to instill the mindset of "Affordable with High Quality Coffee" into the minds of consumers by using the Marketing Public Relations strategy consisting of pull, push and pass carried out by PR & Communications Kopi Kenangan. So that the process of maintaining brand awareness starts from not realizing the original brand of Kopi Kenangan, to the peak of the mind which means the success of Kopi Kenangan as a coffee brand that is able to develop and compete.Pesatnya pertumbuhan bisnis kopi yang ada di Indonesia terutama JABODETABEK sehingga menimbulkan persaingan yang sangat ketat bagi para pengusaha bidang kopi, hal tersebut membuat para pengusaha kedai kopi harus mampu dan harus mempunyai strategi yang tepat dalam menghadapi persaingan tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui strategi Marketing Public Relations Kopi Kenangan dalam membangun brand awareness selama 3 tahun terakhir. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Whalen’s 7 step Strategic Planning Process. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara mendalam (depth interview). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Marketing Public Relations Kopi Kenangan ingin menanamkan mindset “Affordable with High Quality Coffee” kedalam benak konsumen dengan menggunakan strategi Marketing Public Relations yang terdiri dari pull, push and pass yang dilakukan oleh PR & Communications Kopi Kenangan. Sehingga proses untuk mempertahankan brand awareness yang dimulai dari tidak menyadari merek awal Kopi Kenangan berdiri, sampai pada puncak pikiran yang berarti keberhasilan Kopi Kenangan sebagai brand kopi yang mampu berkembang dan bersaing.

scholarly journals Adoption of Rice Post-Harvest Technologies Among Smallholder Farmers in Osun State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Banji Olalere Adisa ◽  
Michael Famakinwa ◽  
Kolawole Adelekan Adeloye
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Rice Milling ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level

SummaryThe study assessed adoption of rice post-harvest technologies among smallholder farmers in Osun State, Nigeria. Data were collected from 120 respondents through a structured interview schedule using a multistage sampling procedure. Percentages, means, Chi-square and correlation were used to analyse the data and draw inferences. The results show that about 52.5% of the respondents had favourable perception, while 47.5% had unfavourable perception towards adoption of the rice post-harvest technologies. Rice milling (mean=4.54) and harvesting matured panicles at the right time (mean=4.47) ranked highest among the adopted post-harvest technologies, while majority (65%) of the respondents adopted the rice post-harvest technologies at moderate level and 35% had high level of adoption. Inadequate capital (mean=1.75) and poor extension contacts (mean=1.67) were the major constraints associated with the adoption. Also, there was significant association between sex (χ2= 38.174), marital status (χ2=32.85) and adoption of the rice post-harvest technologies, while age (r=-0.531), household size (r=0.414) and the quantity of rice produced (r=0.345) had significant relationship with adoption of the post-harvest rice technologies. There was moderate level of adoption among the farmers. Financial institutions, governments and non-governmental organisations should provide functional credit facilities and government should employ more extension agents to promote adoption of high-quality enhancing post-harvest technologies for sustainable rice production in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Cerebral hemispheres – cerebellum – kidney interaction in patients with acute cerebral ischemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-98
Author(s):  
O.M. Kononets ◽  
O.V. Tkachenko ◽  
O.O. Kamenetska
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Vector Correlation ◽  
Vertebrobasilar System ◽  
Acute Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
The Right

The nervous system, in particular the autonomic one, is well known to constantly regulate the internal functioning of the body, adapting it to changeable external and internal environmental parameters. In particular, there is a close multiple-vector correlation between the nervous system and the kidneys. The aim of this study was to specify the mechanisms, clinical and paraclinical characteristics of the concomitant lesions of the nervous system and the kidneys in patients with acute stroke. This paper presents the case report of 215 patients, aged 70 ± 8.44, who suffered from ischemic stroke. Among them, we examined 144 women and 71 men. The patients underwent a comprehensive examination, including a detailed clinical and neurological check-up (evaluating the patients’ condition severity with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the Barthel index on admission and on the 21st day of the disease), laboratory analysis (electrolyte balance, nitrogen metabolism (on admission and on the 21st day of the disease) and instrumental examination (CT scan of the brain, the follow-up brain magnetic resonance imaging). The statistical methods were used to analyze the data. In the 1st day of the disease, all the surveyed patients with right hemispheric carotid stroke and the overwhelming majority of the patients with left hemispheric carotid stroke and ischemic stroke in the vertebrobasilar system had cerebral renal syndrome, represented by renal concentration-filtration dysfunction, accompanied by the reduced glomerular filtration rate. A reliable relationship was found between the renal concentration and filtration function and the right hemispheric ischemic focus in patients with ischemic stroke, the characteristics are to be specified.

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