scholarly journals Postveraison Deficit Irrigation Effects on Fruit Quality and Yield of “Flame Seedless” Table Grape Cultivated under Greenhouse and Net

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1437
Author(s):  
Virginia Pinillos ◽  
Sonia Ibáñez ◽  
Jéssica M. Cunha ◽  
Juan J. Hueso ◽  
Julián Cuevas
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Modest Improvement ◽  
Berry Size

Lack of color in the skin of red table grape varieties is a serious problem in areas of warm climate. This problem is often addressed by the application of ethylene release products such as ethephon. Strict regulation in the use of this product in EU forces European grape producers to look for suitable alternatives. With the aim to increase red skin color, we applied regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) strategies from veraison until harvest on “Flame Seedless” table grape vines cultivated under nets and under a plastic greenhouse in South East Spain, and compared yield and fruit quality with vines fully irrigated under the same net and plastic greenhouses. Our results show a modest improvement in the percentage of commercial clusters with better skin color, probably because the short duration of the deficit irrigation period only caused a slight decrease in soil water content and a mild water stress in RDI vines. Larger differences were observed under the more limiting conditions of the plastic greenhouse for light environment, especially when berry skin color was measured by CIRG (color index of red grape). More noticeable effect of RDI was noted on fruit earliness. Water savings were also remarkable. Negative effects of RDI on berry size or total soluble solid content were not perceived. Our results suggest that RDI is a suitable strategy to save irrigation water without substantial negative effects on yield and berry size. However, the effects on skin color were insufficient in the trial conditions.

scholarly journals Quality of Grapes Grown Inside Paper Bags in Mediterranean Area

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 792
Author(s):  
Antonino Pisciotta ◽  
Diego Planeta ◽  
Simone Giacosa ◽  
Maria Alessandra Paissoni ◽  
Rosario Di Lorenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Berry Skin ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Seedless Grape

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of paper bagging of grape bunches on the morphological, mechanical, and chemical characteristics of berries of three table grapes varieties as an environmentally-friendly technique for protecting clusters from biotic and abiotic agents. Clusters of Italia, Autumn Royal, and Regal Seedless grape cultivars were bagged and compared to a not-bagged control. Air temperature inside and outside the bags was monitored. Bunch weight and length, number of berries per bunch, berry longitudinal and transversal diameter, berry mass, number of seeds per berry (normal in size and aborted), soluble solid content, titratable acidity, and skin color by CIEL*a*b* parameters were determined on four points of each berry. Berries were evaluated using texture analysis, and the main texture profile analysis parameters were compared. The air temperatures around not-bagged clusters were slightly higher than inside the bags. In all the cultivars under evaluation, bagged bunches were heavier compared with not-bagged ones. In Autumn Royal and Regal Seedless, these differences were mainly owing to the higher number of berries and higher berry weight of the bagged bunches. Regarding mechanical properties, in seedless varieties, the bagging treatment increased berry hardness (related to the berry firmness) and decreased berry cohesiveness and resilience, whereas an opposite behavior was found in cv. Italia. Berry skin break force was lower in the bagging treatment in all the analyzed varieties, indicating a softer and easier-to-chew berry skin. The findings demonstrate that the bagging technique affected the three variety parameters to different extents. The main differences were found in the seedless varieties in terms of berry size and bunch characteristics. For all varieties, bagged bunches achieved the quality level required by the market, confirming the suitability of this technique. However, the bag industry is proposing many different bag types (differing in material, shape, color, and closing system); therefore, further studies are needed to obtain more complete and exhaustive technical information.

YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF SOME PLUM CULTIVARSIN ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Mădălina Butac ◽  
Mihai Chivu
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Ecological System ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Fruit Growing

The aim of this study was to assess the yield and fruits quality of plum produced in ecological system.In 2019-2020 periods the influence of different fertilizers (Biohumus, Macys BC 28 and Cifamin BK) on yield and fruits quality at three plum cultivars (‘Centenar’, ‘Tita’ and ‘Stanley’) was carried out in a demonstrative plot from Research Institute for Fruit Growing Pitești, Romania. Biohumus was applied to the soil in increasing dosesfrom 0.5 l/tree (respectively 415 l/ha), 0.7 l/tree (respectively 585 l/ha) to 0.9 l / tree (respectively 750 l/ha) in two moments: in spring before the start of vegetation and in autumn after the fall of the leaves.Macys BC 28 and Cifamin BK fertilizers were applied foliar in doses of 2 l/ha, respectively 1 l/ha, in two moments: after flowering and in the young fruit phase.As results of the investigations we found that: the highest fruit yield was obtained at ‘Centenar’ (47.36 kg/tree) and ‘Stanley’ (41.00 kg/tree) cultivars in fertilization variant 3 (Biohumus – 0,9 l/tree, soil application + Macys BC 28 – 2 l/ha, foliar application + Cifamin BK – 1 l/ha, foliar application);the best results regarding the fruits weight were also obtained in the 3rd fertilization variant (Biohumus – 0,9 l/tree, soil application + Macys BC 28 – 2 l/ha, foliar application + Cifamin BK – 1 l/ha, foliar application), among the varieties being noted the ‘Tita’cv. with an average fruit weight of 59. 14 g; the fruits soluble solid content was higher in the case of the fertilized variants than in the unfertilized variant and the fruits aciditywas higher in the case of the unfertilized variant than in the fertilized variants.

scholarly journals Post-harvest quality of pineapple guava [Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret] fruits produced in two locations at different altitudes in Cundinamarca, Colombia

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Alfonso Parra-Coronado ◽  
Gerhard Fischer ◽  
Jesús Camacho-Tamayo
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Pineapple Guava ◽  
Average Annual Precipitation

The quality of pineapple guava fruits during post-harvest storage depends directly on their quality at harvest and is influenced by climatic conditions during growth. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of climatic conditions on certain parameters of fruit quality during post-harvest storage. Twenty trees were tagged in two locations within the department of Cundinamarca (Colombia), recording the climatic conditions during fruit growth until harvest. The fruits were differentiated by place of origin and stored at 18 ± 1ºC (76 ± 5% relative humidity, RH) for 11 d or 5 ± 1ºC (87 ± 5% RH) for 31 d, evaluating several quality attributes every two d. The places of origin were San Francisco de Sales (1,800 m a.s.l., 20.6oC, 63-97% RH, with an average annual precipitation of 1,493 mm) and Tenjo (2,580 m a.s.l., 12.5oC, 74-86% RH, with an average annual precipitation of 765 mm). The results indicated that the fruits stored at the highest temperature were sweeter and had reduced weight and firmness, lower acidity, and faster postharvest senescence (lower post-harvest durability). The postharvestN fruit characteristics were determined by considering the fruit quality during growth and the influence of climatic conditions during cultivation in each location. At the higher altitudes, the total soluble solid content in the fruits was higher and firmness decreased, and the total titratable acidity and weight loss were lower. For fruit color, significant differences were not observed that would demonstrate the effect of climatic conditions during the post-harvest period.

scholarly journals (463) Grapefruit Crop Load Affects Net Gas Exchange of Leaves, Tree Growth, and Fruit Quality

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1048A-1048
Author(s):  
Kuo-Tan Li ◽  
Jim Syvertsen ◽  
Jill Dunlop
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Four Levels

Effects of crop load on leaf characteristics, shoot growth, fruit shape, fruit quality, and return bloom were investigated in 13-year-old `Ruby Red' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) on `Swingle' citrumleo rootstock. Trees were hand thinned in June 2003 and 2004 at the end of physiological fruit drop to establish three to four levels of crop load ranging from normal (high crop load without thinning) to extremely low (near 90% fruit removal). Leaves on high crop load trees had higher net assimilation of CO2 (ACO2) than those on low crop load trees. Crop load enhancement of ACO2 continued until harvest. In 2004, however, the effects were diminished in October just prior to the beginning of the harvest season, after leaf and fruit loss from three consecutive hurricanes. There was no difference in leaf dry weight per leaf area and leaf nitrogen among treatments. Nonfruiting branches of high crop load trees produced fewer, but longer, summer flushes than those of low crop load trees. Fruiting branches generally produced few summer flushes with similar shoot lengths among treatments. High crop load trees developed a greater percentage of vegetative shoots, whereas low crop load trees developed more inflorescences. Crop load adjustments did not affect fruit size and total soluble solid content, but low crop load trees produced a higher percentage of irregular shape (sheepnosed) fruit with high acidity.

scholarly journals Evaluación del uso de atmósferas modificadas pasivas y temperaturas bajas en la conservación de pitaya amarilla (Selinicereus megalanthus Shuman)

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cristina García ◽  
Pilar Robayo
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Harvest Management ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
Modified Atmospheres ◽  
Deterioration Rate

<p>La ausencia de alternativas tecnológicas económicamente competitivas para la conservación de los productos frutícolas ha reducido el desarrollo de esta agrocadena en el país. Siendo Colombia uno de los principales productores de pitaya su participación en el mercado internacional es mínima. Las deficiencias en el manejo poscosecha se reflejan en tiempos de vida útil cortos, pérdidas poscosecha significativas, costos de comercialización altos y una amplia fluctuación de precios, factores que limitan el crecimiento de esta cadena e impiden su posicionamiento en el mercado internacional. Con el fin de ofrecer soluciones a esta problemática se evaluó el uso de bajas temperaturas y atmósferas modificadas pasivas en la conservación de la pitaya. A tal fin se usó fruta almacenada a 10°C en dos estados de madurez (verde o pintón), con o sin empaque, así como películas de polietileno o polipropileno perforadas y sin perforar. El comportamiento poscosecha se estimó según el porcentaje del área deteriorada, el color de la corteza, la pérdida de peso y firmeza, el contenido de sólidos solubles y la acidez. El estudio mostró que la principal ventaja que presenta el uso de empaques es la reducción de la deshidratación de la fruta. Los mejores resultados se encontraron en pitaya verde empacada en polipropileno sin perforar y almacenada a 10°C, condiciones en las cuales la fruta alcanzó una vida útil de 18 días con un deterioro inferior a 5% y de 21 días con un deterioro inferior al 10%. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Evaluation of the use of passive modified atmospheres and low temperatures on the conservation of yellow pitahaya </strong></p><p>The absence of economically competitive alternative technologies for the preservation of pitahaya fruits has slowed the development of this fruit agrochain in the country. Colombia is one of the main pitahaya producers but with a minimal market share. Post harvest management deficiencies are reflected in a short shelf life, significant postharvest losses and a wide price fluctuation, which limits the agrochain growth and it’s positioning in the international market. To offer alternative solutions to this problem, the use of low temperatures and passive modified atmospheres were evaluated on the conservation of pitahaya. Fruit stored at 10°C were used in two stages of maturity (green or yellow green), with and without packaging, and with or without poliethylene or polipropilene wrap, with and without perforations. Post harvest analysis included % of deteriorated area, skin color, weight loss and firmness, soluble solid content and acidity. This study showed that that the main advantage of the use of packaging is the reduction in fruit dehydration. Best results were found in green pitahaya packaged in nonperforated poliethylene film stored at 10°C, where fruit reached a shelf life of 18 days with a deterioration rate less that 5% and at 21 days with a deterioration rate less that 10%. </p>

Evaluation of Yellowish Skin Color (‘chartreus’) Onion Lines for Soluble Solid Content and Sugars Characteristics

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheol-Woo Kim ◽  
◽  
Eul-Tai Lee ◽  
Young-Lok Cha ◽  
In-Hu Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Soluble Solid

scholarly journals Nectarine Fruit Ripening and Quality Assessed Using the Index of Absorbance Difference (IAD)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bonora ◽  
D. Stefanelli ◽  
G. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Training System ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Climacteric Fruit ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Absorbance Difference

Consistency of fruit quality is extremely important in horticulture. Fruit growth and quality in nectarine are affected by fruit position in the canopy, related to the tree shape. The “open shaped” training systems, such as Tatura Trellis, improve fruit growth and quality. The Index of Absorbance Difference (IAD) is a new marker that characterizes climacteric fruit during ripening. A study on fruit ripening was performed by using theIADon nectarine to monitor fruit maturity stages of two cultivars trained as Tatura Trellis in Victoria, Australia. Fruit of cv “Summer Flare 34” (“SF34”) grown in different positions on the tree showed high ripening homogeneity. Fruit harvested at a similar ripening stage showed fruit firmness and soluble solid content homogeneity. Fruits from hand-thinned variety “Summer Flare 26” (“SF26”) were larger in size, had advanced ripening, and showed greater homogeneity. For “SF26”, a weak correlation betweenIADand SSC was observed. The experiment showed that the Tatura Trellis training system is characterized by high homogeneity of nectarine fruit when coupled with a proper management of fruit density. It also confirmed that theIADcould be used as new nondestructive maturity index for nectarine fruit quality assessment in the field.

Post-veraison regulated deficit irrigation in ‘Crimson Seedless’ table grape saves water and improves berry skin color

2016 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Pinillos ◽  
Fernando M. Chiamolera ◽  
Juan F. Ortiz ◽  
Juan J. Hueso ◽  
Julián Cuevas
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Berry Skin ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation

Trellis effects on yield and fruit quality of five table grape varieties in the Murray Valley

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 585
Author(s):  
BK Taylor ◽  
KC Leamon
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Grape Varieties

A field trial was established in the Mildura district, to compare the effects of trellis type (single T, double T, Y and sloping T) on the yield and fruit quality of 5 table grape varieties (Cardinal, Waltham Cross, Italia, Ruby Seedless and Emperor). Over a 3-year period (1978-80), berry yield proved insensitive to trellis type for most varieties and also as the mean of all varieties in 2 years out of 3; however, the 3 larger trellises led to significantly (P<0.05) increased berry Brix levels, improved red colour levels on Cardinal, Ruby Seedless and Emperor grapes, and higher mean berry weights for Cardinal, Waltham Cross and Italia varieties, compared with grapes grown on the single T trellis. Since differences in Brix, red colour levels and berry size were, generally, not significantly different between the 3 large trellises tested, and the sloping T trellis is simpler and easier to erect, it is concluded that the sloping T trellis is a suitable, cost-effective trellis to use for the production of table grapes in the Murray Valley.

scholarly journals The Effects of Combined Pre and Postharvest Deficit Irrigation on Loquat Yield, Fruit Quality and Handling Aptitude

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Juan J. Hueso ◽  
Francisca Alonso ◽  
María L. Cañete ◽  
Mónica González ◽  
Virginia Pinillos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Lower Extent

Loquat prices depend on fruit size and earliness. Earliness is improved by postharvest deficit irrigation (DI), without negative effects on fruit size. An optimization of postharvest DI strategies carried out by limiting the dry period led to greater harvest date advancement, but water savings were reduced. To further improve fruit earliness and quality and increase water savings, we combined pre and postharvest DI strategies. Treatments were T1: trees not irrigated during six weeks after harvest (no preharvest DI applied); T2: trees that, in addition to postharvest DI, were not watered from the rapid fruit growth phase to harvest (nine extra weeks of DI); T3: trees that, in addition to postharvest DI, were not watered from color break to harvest (six weeks of DI plus postharvest DI); and T4: trees that in addition to postharvest DI were not watered during rapid fruit growth, but were re-irrigated at color break (2–3 weeks of DI, depending on the season). Full-irrigated trees were grown for comparison. T1 saved 18% water with respect to full-irrigation, and advanced harvesting by 16 days. T2 saved more water, had an earlier harvest and produced a higher early yield. Shorter dry periods were beneficial to a lower extent. Fruit size was significantly diminished by T2, but not by T4. A major advantage of T3 and T4 was the better performance of fruit during handling and shelf life. T2 fruits were favored by panelists for their sweetness but criticized for their smaller size.

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