scholarly journals Plant-Derived Chemicals: A Source of Inspiration for New Drugs

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1562
Author(s):  
Veronique Seidel
Keyword(s):  
Biologically Active ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Plant Biodiversity ◽  
Ethnobotanical Knowledge ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Traditional Remedies ◽  
Future Drug ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Plant Sources

Plants have a long history of use as traditional remedies to treat a range of diseases and the diverse chemicals that they produce have provided great inspiration for the design of new drugs to date. Many plants have yet to be investigated for the presence of biologically-active products. This Special Issue presents a collection of scientific studies which report on the medicinal potential of plants. It also highlights the importance of preserving ethnobotanical knowledge and plant biodiversity worldwide to sustain future drug discovery from plant sources.

Phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical studies of petasites hybridus (l.) P. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. A review /

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Ożarowski ◽  
Jędrzej Przystanowicz ◽  
Artur Adamczak
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Migraine Treatment ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Botanical Description ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

Abstract Preparations from rhizomes of Petasites hybridus (L.) Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. (common butterbur) have a long history of use in folk medicine in treatment of several diseases as anti-inflammatory and spasmolytic drugs. Extracts from this species are of interest to researchers in the field of phytopharmacology due to their biologically active compounds, particularly two eremophilane sesquiterpenes (petasin and isopetasin), which are contained not only in rhizomes and roots, but also in leaves. Moreover, P. hybridusa contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which showed hepatotoxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Hence, special extracts devoid of alkaloids obtained by sub- and super-critic carbon dioxide extraction were used in the preclinical, clinical studies and phytotherapy. Our review aims to provide a literature survey of pharmacological as well as clinical trials of P. hybridus, carried out in 2000-2013. Also several studies of other species used in non-European countries have been included. Besides, the botanical description of Petasites genus and phytochemical characteristic of P. hybridus and toxicological studies of pyrrolizidine alkaloids as well as chemical profile of patented commercial extracts from rhizomes, roots and leaves of this species used in European phytotherapy have been performed. In this review, attention has also been paid to the promising and potential application of special extracts of P. hybridus not only in the prevention of migraine, treatment of allergic rhinitis symptoms, asthma and hypertension, but also in prevention and slowing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases developing with the inflammatory process in the CNS as a new therapeutic strategy. In fact, there is already an evidence of promising properties of P. hybridus extracts and sesquiterpens - decrease in the prostaglandins and leukotrienes release, inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 activity, as well as antagonism of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels. In order to explain the new mechanisms of action of P. hybridus extracts in the CNS and their future application in phytotherapy of diseases with neuroinflammatory process, further studies should be performed.

scholarly journals Horseradish: A Neglected and Underutilized Plant Species for Improving Human Health

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Stuart Alan Walters
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Food Aid ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
History Of Use

Horseradish is a flavorful pungent herb that has been used for centuries to enhance the flavor of food, aid in digestion, and improve human health. Horseradish is a neglected and underutilized plant species (NUS), especially concerning the potential benefits to improve human health. The roots of this plant have been known for centuries to provide effective treatments for various human health disorders and has a long history of use in traditional medicine. Horseradish is a source of many biologically active compounds and its richness in phytochemicals has encouraged its recent use as a functional food. The medicinal benefits of horseradish are numerous, and this plant should be promoted more as being beneficial for human health. Glucosinolates or their breakdown products, isothiocyanates, are responsible for most of the claimed medicinal effects. Recent studies have suggested that glucosinolates provide prevention and inhibitory influences on different types of cancer, and horseradish contains high amounts of these compounds. Other medicinal benefits of horseradish include its well-known antibacterial properties that are also attributed to isothiocyanates, and its high content of other antioxidants that benefit human health. Additionally, horseradish contains enzymes that stimulate digestion, regulate bowel movement, and reduce constipation. Horseradish is a species that is vastly underexploited for its abilities as a medicinal plant species for improving human health. The health promoting effects of horseradish are numerous and should be used in an extensive marketing campaign to improve consumption habits. Consumers need to be made more aware of the tremendous health benefits of this plant, which would most likely increase consumption of this valuable NUS. Although horseradish is a highly versatile plant species and holds great potential for improving human health, this plant can also be used to enhance biodiversity in landscapes and food systems, which will also be briefly discussed.

Skuteczność i bezpieczeństwo stosowania korzenia Symphytum officinale L. – przegląd danych literaturowych

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kimel ◽  
Mirosława Krauze-Baranowska
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
History Of Use

Comfrey root – Symphyti radix has been present in medicine since ancient times. Nowadays, European Medicine Agency (EMA) restricts its only for external use, in short therapies not exceeding 10 days. The last decade has been characterized by the progress in research on the chemical composition and metabolism of biologically active compounds present in the root and leaves. The result is the presence of herbal medicinal products containing comfrey root extracts with reduced content or free of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids on the European market of herbal products. Moreover, the medicinal properties of leaves from another Symphytum species, namely Russian comfrey, are also in the use. The results of clinical trials indicate the beneficial effects of plant raw materials obtained from comfreys in musculoskeletal system disorders – comfrey root and skin inflammations – leaves of Russian comfrey. The paper presents the history of use, chemical composition, therapeutic effect and toxicity of comfrey, as well as characterizes clinical trials on products containing comfrey extracts from root and leaves.

IS IT NECESSARY TO DEVELOP THE PHYTO-MARKET IN KAZAKHSTAN?

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Г. Б. НУРАЛИЕВ ◽  
А. А. БАБАЕВА
Keyword(s):  
New Drugs ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

Растения имеют долгую историю использования в качестве традиционных средств для лечения ряда заболеваний, и различные химические вещества, которые они производят, на сегодняшний день послужили большим вдохновением для разработки новых лекарств. Многие растения еще предстоит исследовать на наличие биологически активных продуктов. Мы подчеркиваем важность создания и развития фиторынка в Казахстане. Plants have a long history of use as traditional treatments for a range of diseases, and the various chemicals they produce have served as great inspiration to the development of new drugs to date. Many plants have yet to be tested for bioactive products. We emphasize the importance of creating and developing the phyto market in Kazakhstan.

scholarly journals Therapeutic possibilities of topical corticosteroids in modern clinical practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
T. A. Belousova ◽  
M. V. Kail
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Topical Corticosteroids ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

Over the past decade, dermatological practice has seen an increase in the number of patients suffering from skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases. Annually, 6.4-6.9 million new cases of this group of diseases are registered, which encourages the constant search for new drugs and the continuous improvement of methods and schemes of application of proven drugs. Topical corticosteroids, despite more than 65 years of history of use in the treatment of patients with steroid-sensitive dermatoses, have not lost their relevance. At present, they have no therapeutic alternative in terms of speed of onset and anti-inflammatory activity, so they are essential in the treatment of many skin pathologies. One of the trends in modern pharmacology is not so much the production of new active molecules of TCS or their modifications, as the creation of new pharmacological forms of known molecules - micronized, nanonized, which give the drug the most important property -increased bioavailability. This advanced technology is actively used in the production of domestic topical drugs of Akriderm lines, which make a major contribution to the program of import substitution and drug availability for the population. The optimal combination of ingredients of the foundation of these drugs complements and potentiates the therapeutic effect of steroid. For more than 30 years in clinical practice, a combination of 0.05% betamethasone dipropionate, 0.1% gentamicin sulfate and 1% clotrimazole (Triderm, Akriderm GK) is used. Many years of positive clinical experience of dermatologists using this fixed combination proves the validity of its use in many clinical situations when bacterial and fungal infection is involved. An open randomized comparative study conducted by Russian dermatologists on the efficacy and safety of Akriderm GK (cream) and Triderm (cream) in the complex treatment of eczema showed similar profiles of high clinical efficacy and safety of both drugs.

scholarly journals MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF HERICIUM ERINACEUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (10(60)) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Bulat Musulmanbekovich Aikeshev ◽  
Ayaulym Arystanbay
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Medicinal Mushrooms ◽  
Hericium Erinaceus ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
History Of Use

Medicinal mushrooms have become an attractive topic due to their bioactive compounds potentially useful for therapeutic use. Among the growing popularity of medicinal mushrooms is Hericium erinaceus. Hericium erinaceus is a medicinal edible mushroom with a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine as well as in other countries of the East. Along with this, several of its biologically active compounds served as the basis for the creation of nutritional supplements. Its fruiting bodies and mycelium are rich in active substances that promote health. Tests of substances extracted from this fungus in animals and in vitro have given good results. They are beginning to be used in the treatment of cancer, liver diseases, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, and wound healing. They improve cognitive abilities, support the nervous and immune systems.

Reframing the Sciences of the Long Eighteenth Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Giuliano Pancaldi
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Science Policy ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Eighteenth Century ◽  
Past Half

Here I survey a sample of the essays and reviews on the sciences of the long eighteenth century published in this journal since it was founded in 1969. The connecting thread is some historiographic reflections on the role that disciplines—in both the sciences we study and the fields we practice—have played in the development of the history of science over the past half century. I argue that, as far as disciplines are concerned, we now find ourselves a bit closer to a situation described in our studies of the long eighteenth century than we were fifty years ago. This should both favor our understanding of that period and, hopefully, make the historical studies that explore it more relevant to present-day developments and science policy. This essay is part of a special issue entitled “Looking Backward, Looking Forward: HSNS at 50,” edited by Erika Lorraine Milam.

Oxazole-Based Compounds As Anticancer Agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (41) ◽  
pp. 7337-7371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Chiacchio ◽  
Giuseppe Lanza ◽  
Ugo Chiacchio ◽  
Salvatore V. Giofrè ◽  
Roberto Romeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
The Core ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Biologically Active Derivatives

: Heterocyclic compounds represent a significant target for anti-cancer research and drug discovery, due to their structural and chemical diversity. Oxazoles, with oxygen and nitrogen atoms present in the core structure, enable various types of interactions with different enzymes and receptors, favoring the discovery of new drugs. Aim of this review is to describe the most recent reports on the use of oxazole-based compounds in anticancer research, with reference to the newly discovered iso/oxazole-based drugs, to their synthesis and to the evaluation of the most biologically active derivatives. The corresponding dehydrogenated derivatives, i.e. iso/oxazolines and iso/oxazolidines, are also reported.

Herbal Medicine: Clinical Perspective & Regulatory Status

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Abul Barkat ◽  
Anjali Goyal ◽  
Harshita Abul Barkat ◽  
Mohammad Salauddin ◽  
Faheem Hyder Pottoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Clinical Perspective ◽  
Regulatory Status ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Health Complications

Abstract:: Herbal medicines pays an important in treating the vaious diseases mainly due to the their potentially high therapeutic values and also due to the better acceptance of vaioruspatient under different health complications. The herbal medicine practice involves use of part of plant, entire plant or the selectctive isolated phytomedicineand the use and practices based on these has its pros and cons and has been greatly affected during the dawn. The search of new drugs during scientific era revives the interest in discovery of herbal drugs from different natural resources during 20th century. The present modern healthcare system invovlves utilization drugs and 50% of them are of ofnaural origin. Herbal drug disocovery found to be highly costly affair with low success rate and it hinders the further progress in utilizting the phytomedicine in treating the various deseases. But in recent years there is an increase in the search interest of herbal drugs mainly by the pharmaceutical industry and those invoves in the search of novel drugs from the herbs. Discovery of such new novel phytomedicines has to overcomes various challenges in indentification of active extracts and their toxicity, advereffects, herb drug interaction and importantly their regulatory requirments. The present review mainly focused on the history of herbal medicine, current clinical perspective, pharmaceutical, and regulatory challenges as well as its clinical presentation. Moreover, problems encountered in drug discovery from herbal resources and its possible solutions are delineated.

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