scholarly journals Investigating the 2017 Erratic Fishkill Episode in the Jhelum River, Kashmir Himalaya

Pollutants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Irfan Rashid ◽  
Mohmmad Irshad Rather ◽  
Shabir A. Khanday
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Skin Texture ◽  
River Stretch ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Jhelum River ◽  
Srinagar City

Globally, the frequency of fishkill episodes is increasing, owing to natural and human-induced modification of aquatic ecosystems. A massive fishkill took place on 22 October 2017 along an approximately 1.5 km stretch of the Jhelum River in Srinagar City, India. Thousands of fish died during this specific event, not lasting more than three hours, creating chaos and panic among the local population and government circles. In this context, affected fish were assessed for three morphological parameters, which include skin color, eye appearance, and skin texture. To back our findings, three critical water-quality parameters, including pH, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen essential for the survival of fishes were assessed in the affected river stretch. This study assumes importance given that water-quality observation stations for monitoring the health of the Jhelum River are lacking in the highly urbanized Srinagar City. The morphological examination of fish samples revealed discoloration, bulging eyes, and rough skin texture, indicating chemical contamination of waters in the affected river stretch. The water quality analysis revealed neutral pH (7.2), normal temperature (15.6 °C), and mildly depleted dissolved oxygen (6 mg L−1) levels. While the morphological examination of the affected fish indicated chemical contamination, the physicochemical parameters exhibited a typical scenario of river water. For avoiding any such further incident and to precisely ascertain the cause of such fishkill episodes in future, it is suggested that a few continuous water-quality monitoring sites along Jhelum River should be set up, supplemented with robust ecological modeling simulations.

scholarly journals Status and Threats to Mugger Crocodile Crocodylus palustris Lesson, 1831 at Rani Tal, Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish P Bhatt ◽  
Tej Bahadur Saund ◽  
Jham Bahadur Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Wildlife Reserve

A study was carried out for preparing baseline information on water quality, population status and threats to Mugger crocodile, Crocodylus palustris Lesson at Rani Tal, Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve. Water quality analysis was conducted for three seasons (summer, autumn and winter) in the year 2008 - 2009. The study has found the physico-chemical contamination in the lake. The water quality parameters (dissolved oxygen, total hardness, free carbon dioxide, biological oxygen demand and ammonia) exceeded the normal range to support the Muggers. A survey around the lake recorded four adult Mugger crocodiles (>180 cm body length) basking in sandy and muddy bank during the investigation period. The lake is under pressure from diverse anthropogenic factors. The principal threats to the Mugger crocodile include water pollution, habitat destruction, sedimentation, food shortage, egg collection and seasonal fluctuation of water level. The total area and depth of the lake is diminishing due to encroachment by Phragmites karka and flash flood during monsoon. Conservation and proper management of the lake are urgently required. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 1 (2012) 125-131 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i1.7451

scholarly journals Analisis Kondisi Kualitas Air Pada Budidaya Ikan Kerapu Tikus (Cromileptes altivelis) Di Situbondo [Analysis Of Water Quality Conditions On Humpback Grouper Culture (Cromileptes altivelis) In Situbondo]

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ervany Eshmat N, Abdul Manan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Fish Culture ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Descriptive Method

Abstract The humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) is one of the fishery commodities with high economic value in both local and international markets. The price of humpback grouper can reach Rp. 200,000 - Rp. 400,000 / kilogram in the local market. The humpback grouper is potentially to be developed in most coastal areas of Indonesia. The conditions of water quality have a very important role for the success of fish culture of humpback grouper. To that end, monitoring and management of water quality are necessary in fish culture. The purpose of this case study is to determine the water quality conditions on humpback grouper culture in BBAP, Situbondo. The study was conducted on 16 January until 16 February 2012. The study method use descriptive method. From the results of water quality analysis, the water in humpback grouper broodstock ponds (I1 and I2) is no smell, no colour water, temperature 26.1-30 oC, salinity 27-35 ppt, dissolved oxygen 3.3-3.9 ppm, ammonia levels <0.001-0.22 ppm, nitrite levels 0.0075-0.085 ppm, alkalinity 110-120 ppm and pH 7.94-8.18. The water in humpback grouper hatchery ponds (B1 and B2) is no smell, green colour water, temperature 26.7-29.3 oC, salinity 27-34 ppt, dissolved oxygen 2.7-3.7 ppm, ammonia levels 0.0781-0.28 ppm, nitrite levels 0.0225-3.3305 ppm, alkalinity 94-126 ppm, and pH 7.14-7.81.

scholarly journals Analisa Kualitas Air Fisika dan Kimia di Danau Pampait (Physical and Chemical Water Quality Analysis in Lake Pampait)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-87
Author(s):  
Ummi Suraya ◽  
Lilia Lilia
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Middle Section ◽  
Water Quality Analysis ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Chemical Water ◽  
Quality Measurements

This study aims to determine the water condition of Lake Pampait, KamelohBaru Village, Sebangau District, Palangka Raya City, measured from physical and chemical water quality as a measure of the condition of the water quality in Lake Pampait. The study was conducted for approximately 2 (two) months, namely from June to July 2018. Sampling was carried out in 3 (three) stations, namely inlet (station I), middle section (station II) and outlets (station III). The physical and chemical water quality measurements are carried out directly, namely temperature, brightness, depth, pH (Degrees of Acidity) and DO (Dissolved Oxygen) while indirectly or analyzed in the laboratory are PO4 (Phosphate), NO3 (Nitrate) and NH3 (Nitrate) Ammonia). The results of research on physical and chemical water quality is an average temperature of 23.7 oC. Brightness 28.75 cm, Depth 4.25 m, Degree of Acidity (pH) with an average of 6.03, and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 2.93 mg/L, Phosphate (PO4), Nitrate (NO3), and Ammonia (NH3) ) 0.932 mg/L, it can be concluded that Lake Pampait can be said to be still not polluted and is still considered good for the life of fish and other aquatic organisms.

scholarly journals Water Quality Analysis for the Depletion of Dissolved Oxygen due to Exponentially Increasing Form of Pollution Sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
N. Manitcharoen ◽  
B. Pimpunchat ◽  
P. Sattayatham
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Source Term ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Unsteady State ◽  
Water Quality Analysis ◽  
Do Concentration

Analyzing and improving mathematical models for water quality investigation are imperative for water quality issues around the world. This study is aimed at presenting the 1D unsteady state regarding analytical and numerical solutions of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in a river, in which the increase of pollution from a source is considered as an exponential term. Laplace transformation was utilized to obtain analytical solutions, while the finite difference technique was selected for numerical solutions. The results show that the rate of pollutant addition along the river (q) and the arbitrary constants of an exponentially increasing pollution source term (λ) affected inversely, while the initial concentration Xi affected directly, DO in the river. These solutions and simulations can be enabled for testing in various scenarios in terms of the behavior of oxygen depletion in polluted rivers.

scholarly journals Pollution of Mpanga River by Kabundaire Abattoir Effluents, Fort Portal Tourism City, Uganda

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Fred Businge ◽  
Sarah Kagoya ◽  
Timothy Omara ◽  
Christopher Angiro
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
River Stretch ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Domestic Use

Aim: Abattoirs are one of the most pronounced but yet ignored sources of highly recalcitrant wastewater that has significant impacts on the environment. The aim of this study was to assess the impacts of Kabundaire abattoir effluents on the quality of water in the receiving Mpanga river, Fort Portal tourism city of Uganda. The study also estimated the amount of water used and wastewater generated in the facility between December 2018 and December 2019, and the number of animals slaughtered per month in the abattoir. Study Design: This research employed a quantitative research design. Place and Duration of Study: Samples were collected from six different sites of Mpanga river at intervals of 2 km from Fort Portal town: upstream (Kahungabunyoni and Kagote A), midstream/ effluent discharge point (Kabundaire and Mpanga market) and downstream (Rwabuhinga and Kitumba) along Mpanga river stretch in the morning and evening hours. The analyses were done at National Water & Sewerage Corporation, Fort Portal, Uganda. The sampling and experimental work was done between May 2019 and August 2019. Methodology: The physicochemical properties (pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, total nitrates and total phosphates) and microbiological (Escherichia coli and total coliform) profile of the water samples were determined following standard methods. To quantify the amount of water used and wastewater generated, the number of cattle, goats and sheep slaughtered per day between December 2018 and April 2019 were retrieved from abattoir records and extrapolated. Results: Analytical results indicated that the  evaluated water quality parameters were in the range of 6.93 ± 0.02 to 7.90 ± 0.16, 22.0 ± 0.14 ℃ to 23.6 ± 0.26 ℃, 0.01 ± 0.00 mg/L to 0.26 ± 0.02 mg/L, 6.30 ± 0.03 mg/L to 10.00 ± 0.03 mg/L, 4.20 ± 0.05 mg/L to 9.70 ± 0.02 mg/L, 4 × 102 CFU/mL to 48 × 103 CFU/mL, 1.4 × 104 CFU/mL to 6.6 × 106 CFU/mL for pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, total phosphates, total nitrates, Escherichia coli and total coliforms, respectively. Most of the parameters were above permissible limits except pH, temperature and total nitrates. An average of 133 cattle, 78 goats and 33 sheep are slaughtered in Kabundaire abattoir every month. The actual number varies by month, depending on the demand for meat. The amount of water used, and the wastewater generated were estimated at 15,768 m3/year and 18,396 m3/year, respectively. Conclusion: Discharge of effluents from Kabundaire abattoir into Mpanga river negatively affects its water quality. Mpanga river water is not safe for domestic use without further treatment/purification. We recommend that an anaerobic wastewater treatment facility should be installed at Kabundaire abattoir to enhance environmental conservation. Further studies should determine the actual amount of water used and wastewater generated at the facility.

STUDI PERBANDINGAN KUALITAS AIR BERSIH DALAM KAITANYA DENGAN AKTIVITAS MASYARAKAT DI SEKITAR SUMBER AIR PADA DESA WAINITU, BATUMERAH, AMAHUSU, DAN HALONG

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Lela Uyara ◽  
Pieter Kunu ◽  
Silwanus M Talakua
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Water Quality Analysis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Standard Quality

The study aims to determine the quality of clean water in the villages of Wainitu, Batumerah, Amahusu and Halong by comparing the result of water quality analysis with water quality standard. Water quality analysis includes Physiscal, Chemical, and Microbiological parameters. This research uses descriptive method, this method describes systematics, accurate about facts and characteristic of the quality of clean water of each research location. The results showed that the source of clean water in the village of Batumerah did not meet the standard of clean water quality standards indicated by the number of E. coli and the high total coliform.  Keywords: standard quality of clean water, water quality, Wainitu, Batumerah, Amahusu and Halong villages   ABSTRAK Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menetapkan kualitas air bersih di Desa Wainitu, Batumerah, Amahusu dan Halong, dengan membandingkan hasil analisis kualitas air dengan standar baku mutu air bersih. Analisis kualitas air meliputi parameter fisika, kimia dan mikrobiologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif; metode ini menggambarkan sicara sistematis, akurat, fakta dan karakteristik mengenai kualitas air bersih di masing-masing lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sumber air bersih di Desa Batumerah tidak memenuhi standar baku mutu air bersih yang ditunjukkan oleh jumlah E. coli dan total Koliform yang tinggi. Kata Kunci: baku mutu air bersih, Desa Wainitu, Batumerah, Amahusu dan Halong, kualitas air

A New Life for the St. Croix River

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 568-577
Author(s):  
Harold S. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Regulated River ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Oxygen Regime ◽  
Oxygen Concentrations

Abstract The water quality of the upper 110 kilometres of the St. Croix River is considered to be pristine. A major industrial discharge renders the lower 14 kilometres of the river a water quality limited segment. Prior to 1970 the Georgia-Pacific Pulp and Paper Mill at Woodland, Maine, discharged untreated effluent directly into the river causing dissolved oxygen concentrations to drop well below 5 mg/L, the objective chosen in the interest of restoring endemic fish populations. Since 1972, the Mill has installed primary and secondary treatment, regulated river discharge rate and effluent composition which has greatly improved the summer dissolved oxygen regime. By 1980, dissolved oxygen concentrations were generally above 5.0 mg/L and restocking the river with Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) was initiated.

Considering the impact of intermittent discharges when modelling overflows

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Sarah Jubb ◽  
Philip Hulme ◽  
Ian Guymer ◽  
John Martin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Sediment Oxygen Demand ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
River Hydraulics ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Curve Equation

This paper describes a preliminary investigation that identified factors important in the prediction of river water quality, especially regarding dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration. Intermittent discharges from combined sewer overflows (CSOs) within the sewerage, and overflows at water reclamation works (WRW) cause dynamic conditions with respect to both river hydraulics and water quality. The impact of such discharges has been investigated under both wet and dry weather flow conditions. Data collected from the River Maun, UK, has shown that an immediate, transient oxygen demand exists downstream of an outfall during storm conditions. The presence of a delayed oxygen demand has also been identified. With regard to modelling, initial investigations used a simplified channel and the Streeter-Phelps (1925) dissolved oxygen sag curve equation. Later, a model taking into account hydrodynamic, transport and dispersion processes was used. This suggested that processes other than water phase degradation of organic matter significantly affect the dissolved oxygen concentration downstream of the location of an intermittent discharge. It is proposed that the dynamic rate of reaeration and the sediment oxygen demand should be the focus of further investigation.

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