Polyarylene Ether Nitrile and Barium Titanate Nanocomposite Plasticized by Carboxylated Zinc Phthalocyanine Buffer

Barium titanate (BT) and polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN) nanocomposites with enhanced dielectric properties were obtained by using carboxylatedzinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc-COOH) buffer as the plasticizer. Carboxylated zinc phthalocyanine, prepared through hydrolyzing ZnPc in NaOH solution, reacted with the hydroxyl groups on the peripheral of hydrogen peroxide treated BT (BT-OH) yielding core-shell structured BT@ZnPc. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), TEM energy dispersive spectrometer mapping, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) demonstrated successful preparation of BT@ZnPc. The fabricated BT@ZnPc was incorporated into the PEN matrix through the solution casting method. Rheological measurements demonstrated that the ZnPc-COOH buffer can improve the compatibility between BT and PEN effectively. With the existence of the ZnPc-COOH buffer, the prepared BT@ZnPc/PEN nanocomposites exhibit a high dielectric constant of 5.94 and low dielectric loss (0.016 at 1000 Hz). BT@ZnPc/PEN dielectric composite films can be easily prepared, presenting great application prospects in the field of organic film capacitors.

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Fabrication of BaTiO3-Loaded Graphene Nanosheets-Based Polyarylene Ether Nitrile Nanocomposites with Enhanced Dielectric and Crystallization Properties

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano9121667 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1667 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shuning Liu ◽

Chenchen Liu ◽

Yong You ◽

Yajie Wang ◽

Renbo Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Dielectric Constant ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

High Performance ◽

Graphene Nanosheets ◽

Zinc Phthalocyanine ◽

Organic Layer ◽

X Ray ◽

Polyarylene Ether Nitrile ◽

Crystallization Properties

In this paper, barium titanate@zinc phthalocyanine (BT@ZnPc) and graphene oxide (GO) hybrids (BT@ZnPc-GO) connected by calcium ions are prepared by electrostatic adsorption, and then introduced into polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN) to obtain composites with enhanced dielectric and crystallization properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results confirm the successful fabrication of the BT@ZnPc-GO. BT@ZnPc-GO and PEN composites (BT@ZnPc-GO/PENs) are obtained through the solution-casting method. BT@ZnPc-GO demonstrates well compatibility with PEN due to its unique structure and the organic layer of ZnPc at the periphery of BT. On the other hand, BT and GO contribute a high dielectric constant of the composites obtained. In addition, the BT@ZnPc-GO can be used as a nucleating agent to promote the crystallization of the nanocomposites. As a result, The BT@ZnPc-GO/PEN exhibits a dielectric constant of 6.4 at 1 kHz and crystallinity of 21.03% after being isothermally treated at 280 °C for 2 h at the GO content of 0.75 wt %. All these results indicate that the hybrid nanofiller BT@ZnPc-GO can be an effective additive for preparing high-performance PEN-based nanocomposites.

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Improvement of Dispersibility of Graphene Oxide by Surface Modification with Rare Earths

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1206615/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Yong Li ◽

Zhou Jiang ◽

Haidong Yu ◽

Xuebin Zhou ◽

Peng Yi

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Rare Earth ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽

X Ray ◽

Modified Graphene Oxide ◽

Modified Graphene ◽

The Rare Earth

Abstract Rare earth-modified graphene oxide (RE-M-GO) materials were successfully prepared by infiltration and heating modifier method. The morphology and phase structure of RE-M-GO were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS). The changes of the chemical structure were indicated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) was used to study the chemical state of the surface elements of graphene oxide which showed that the rare earth elements were added to the graphene oxide functional groups through the coordination reaction. Additionally, the findings concluded that the effect of modification by Ce is more obvious than La elements and the RE-M-GO materials prepared by the heating modifier method had better dispersibility than infiltration. With activating effect, the rare earth elements grafting to graphene oxide will contribute to its combination with other materials.

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Laser-Based Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube–Metal Composites on a Polymer Substrate: Experimental Study and Characterizations

Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.4047350 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Zheng Kang ◽

Jitendra Kumar Tripathi ◽

Muxuan Wang ◽

Ahmed Hassanein ◽

Benxin Wu

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Composite Films ◽

Polymer Substrate ◽

Metal Composite ◽

X Ray ◽

Polyimide Substrate ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Potential Applications

Abstract Flexible electronic devices have several advantages and multiple current or potential applications. However, the reliability and durability of their metal components (which often exist) may suffer from large and repeated strains during many applications. Carbon nanotube (CNT)-metal composite films that were laser-sintered on flexible substrates were shown to be very promising in addressing the reliability and durability issues. However, to the authors’ best knowledge, CNT–metal interfaces in a laser-sintered CNT–metal composite film on a polymer substrate and the composite–polymer interface have not been sufficiently characterized and understood. In this paper, CNT–silver composite films were produced on polyimide substrates by laser sintering, and the fabricated samples were characterized through scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Under the conditions studied, it has been found that: (1) for the CNT–silver interfaces in the composite, a significant amount of Ag–C chemical bonds is unlikely to exist, and (2) for the composite–polyimide interface, mechanical interlocking is expected to play an important role in the interfacial adhesion, while a significant diffusion of silver into the polyimide substrate is not observed. Besides, chemical reactions have likely occurred around the interface, causing the formation of Ag2O due to the reaction between silver from the composite and oxygen (in a certain form) from the polyimide substrate.

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Fabrication of Novel Z-Scheme Bi2WO6/NaBiO3 Nanocomposites with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity in the Degradation of 2,3-Dichlorophenol

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2020.17382 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 3105-3116 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xin-Yue Gu ◽

Qiu Wang ◽

Da-Peng Zhang ◽

Xin-Xiang Geng ◽

Zhen-Xing Zha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Photocatalytic Activity ◽

Visible Light ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽

Energy Levels ◽

Degradation Process ◽

Photoelectrochemical Performance ◽

X Ray ◽

Oxidative Species

The Z-scheme Bi2WO6/NaBiO3 nanocomposites were first fabricated by a facile hydrothermal method, and were then characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer, Fourier-transform-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and N2 adsorption–desorption. The as-prepared Bi2WO6/NaBiO3 nanocomposites exhibit outstanding photocatalytic activity and recyclability. A 98.4% photodegradation of 2,3-dichlorophenol (50 mg·L−1) was attained in the presence of Bi2WO6/NaBiO3 (1:10) under the visible-light irradiation in 30 min. In particular, the photocatalytic mechanism has been discussed in detail, based on four aspects: (1) oxidative species, (2) photoelectrochemical performance, (3) conduction band and valence band energy levels and (4) possible transition states and reactions. In conclusion, O−2 is the main active oxidative species in the Bi2WO6/NaBiO3 nanocomposite. The material has higher photocurrent and visible light adsorption but lower electron–hole pairs recombination, which contributes to distinguished photocatalytic efficiency. The Z-scheme photocatalytic path was proposed and the possible degradation process and routes have been summarized.

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Surface Morphological and Chemical Features of Anticorrosion ZrO2–TiO2 Coatings: Impact of Zirconium Precursor

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11060703 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 703

Author(s):

Irina Stambolova ◽

Daniela Stoyanova ◽

Maria Shipochka ◽

Nelly Boshkova ◽

Alexander Eliyas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Composite Films ◽

Corrosion Damage ◽

Amorphous Structure ◽

Treatment Temperature ◽

Chloride Ions ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

X Ray ◽

Complex Structural

Dense, highly textured, hydrophobic ZrO2-TiO2 (1:1) coatings with amorphous structure were prepared using the sol-gel method. Both organic and inorganic zirconium precursor salts were used. The present study dealt with the investigation of their protective ability in a selected model corrosive medium with chloride ions as corrosion activators. The coatings showed good anticorrosion performance during the test, which was demonstrated both by the weight loss method and potentiodynamic polarization curves. The samples were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), contact angle measurements, Infrared spectroscopy (IRS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Differential Thermal analysis (DTA-TG) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was established that the extent of influence of some factors, like treatment temperature (Ttr) and type of zirconium precursor, was different. The PD curves of samples treated at 400 °C (A4 and B4, respectively) demonstrated an increased effect of the precursor in comparison to Ttr, since the application of organic Zr salt led to deterioration of the anodic passivation zones. Contrary to this, the coatings obtained from both the organic and inorganic Zr precursor salts with Ttr = 500 °C had similar corrosion efficiency, i.e., the influence of the precursor was minimized. All investigated coatings had no visible corrosion damage. It seems that some complex structural and surface parameters, such as amorphous dense structure, surface smoothness, hydrophobicity and the surface chemical composition (low hydroxyl groups content), were responsible for the increased anticorrosion properties of the composite films.

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Binder Free SnO2-CNT Composite as Anode Material for Li-Ion Battery

Journal of Nanotechnology ◽

10.1155/2014/381273 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dionne Hernandez ◽

Frank Mendoza ◽

Emmanuel Febus ◽

Brad R. Weiner ◽

Gerardo Morell

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Tin Dioxide ◽

Composite Films ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

Li Ion Battery ◽

X Ray ◽

Li Ion

Tin dioxide-carbon nanotube (SnO2-CNT) composite films were synthesized on copper substrates by a one-step process using hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) with methane gas (CH4) as the carbon source. The composite structural properties enhance the surface-to-volume ratio of SnO2demonstrating a desirable electrochemical performance for a lithium-ion battery anode. The SnO2and CNT interactions were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Comprehensive analysis of the structural, chemical, and electrochemical properties reveals that the material consists of self-assembled and highly dispersed SnO2nanoparticles in CNT matrix. The process employed to develop this SnO2-CNT composite film presents a cost effective and facile way to develop anode materials for Li-ion battery technology.

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Synthesis of surface-metallized polymeric films by in situ reduction of (4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-thienyl)-1,3-butanedionato) silver(I) in a polyimide matrix

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.1999.0387 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 2897-2904 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Robin E. Southward ◽

Carey K. Bagdassarian ◽

Christopher J. Sudol ◽

Jennifer L. Wasyk ◽

Susanna H. Sproul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Composite Films ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Face Centered Cubic ◽

Thermal Curing ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

X Ray

Thermal curing of the (4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-thienyl)-1,3-butanedionato)silver(I)-containing poly(amic acid) formed from 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (BTDA) and 4,4′-oxydianiline (4,4′-ODA) in dimethylacetamide gives both polyimide films via cyclodehydration and reduction of silver(I) to the native metal. Silver(0) migrates to the surface resulting in surface metallized composite films, which can have excellent reflectivity, but do not exhibit surface electrical conductivity. The films retain mechanical and thermal properties similar to those of the parent polyimide. X-ray diffraction shows crystalline face-centered-cubic silver in the films after thermal curing. Microscopy data show that the surface particle sizes are in the range of approximately 50–100 nm. Significant silver remains in the bulk of the polyimide film with varying particles sizes generally less than approximately 15 nm. The interior of the metallized films is not electrically conducting. Films were characterized by x-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical measurements.

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Effects of Ag Additive in Low Temperature CO Detection with In2O3 Based Gas Sensors

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano8100801 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 801 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Daniil Naberezhnyi ◽

Marina Rumyantseva ◽

Darya Filatova ◽

Maria Batuk ◽

Joke Hadermann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Single Point ◽

Active Surface ◽

Dark Field ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

X Ray ◽

Surface Hydroxyl ◽

Transmission Electron

Nanocomposites In2O3/Ag obtained by ultraviolet (UV) photoreduction and impregnation methods were studied as materials for CO sensors operating in the temperature range 25–250 °C. Nanocrystalline In2O3 and In2O3/Ag nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), single-point Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) method, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping. The active surface sites were investigated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and thermo-programmed reduction with hydrogen (TPR-H2) method. Sensor measurements in the presence of 15 ppm CO demonstrated that UV treatment leads to a complete loss of In2O3 sensor sensitivity, while In2O3/Ag-UV nanocomposite synthesized by UV photoreduction demonstrates an increased sensor signal to CO at T < 200 °C. The observed high sensor response of the In2O3/Ag-UV nanocomposite at room temperature may be due to the realization of an additional mechanism of CO oxidation with participation of surface hydroxyl groups associated via hydrogen bonds.

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Antibacterial silver-diatomite nanocomposite ceramic with low silver release

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2019.195 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 633-643

Author(s):

Xiaopeng Qi ◽

Junwei Chen ◽

Qian Li ◽

Hui Yang ◽

Honghui Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Bactericidal Effect ◽

Ceramic Filter ◽

Ceramic Filters ◽

X Ray ◽

E Coli ◽

Point Of Use ◽

Silver Release

Abstract There is an urgent need for an effective and long-lasting ceramic filter for point-of-use water treatment. In this study, silver-diatomite nanocomposite ceramic filters were developed by an easy and effective method. The ceramic filters have a three-dimensional interconnected pore structure and porosity of 50.85%. Characterizations of the silver-diatomite nanocomposite ceramic filters were performed using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Silver nanoparticles were confirmed to be formed in situ in the ceramic filter. The highest silver concentration in water was 0.24 μg/L and 2.1 μg/L in short- and long-term experiments, indicating very low silver-release properties of silver-diatomite nanocomposite ceramic filter. The nanocomposite ceramics show strong bactericidal activity. When contact time with Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) of 105 colony forming units (CFU)/mL exceeded 3 h, the bactericidal rates of the four different silver content ceramics against E. coli and S. aureus were all 100%. Strong bactericidal effect against E. coli with initial concentration of 109 CFU/mL were also observed in ceramic newly obtained and ceramic immersed in water for 270 days, demonstrating its high stability. The silver-diatomite nanocomposite ceramic filters could be a promising candidate for point-of-use water treatment.

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Phytosynthetic Fabrication of Lanthanum Ion-Doped Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Using Sesbania grandiflora Leaf Extract and Their Anti-Microbial Properties

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst11020124 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 124

Author(s):

Srihasam Saiganesh ◽

Thyagarajan Krishnan ◽

Golla Narasimha ◽

Hesham S. Almoallim ◽

Sulaiman Ali Alhari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Optical Properties ◽

Rare Earth ◽

Nickel Oxide ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Nio Nanoparticles ◽

X Ray ◽

Sesbania Grandiflora

Over the past few years, the photogenic fabrication of metal oxide nanoparticles has attracted considerable attention, owing to the simple, eco-friendly, and non-toxic procedure. Herein, we fabricated NiO nanoparticles and altered their optical properties by doping with a rare earth element (lanthanum) using Sesbania grandiflora broth for antibacterial applications. The doping of lanthanum with NiO was systematically studied. The optical properties of the prepared nanomaterials were investigated through UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-DRS) analysis, and their structures were studied using X-ray diffraction analysis. The morphological features of the prepared nanomaterials were examined by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, their elemental structure was analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectral analysis, and their oxidation states were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Furthermore, the antibacterial action of NiO and La-doped NiO nanoparticles was studied by the zone of inhibition method for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus sublitis. It was evident from the obtained results that the optimized compound NiOLa-04 performed better than the other prepared compounds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the phytosynthetic fabrication of rare-earth ion Lanthanum (La3+)-doped Nickel Oxide (NiO) nanoparticles and their anti-microbial studies.

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