scholarly journals PLA Composites Reinforced with Flax and Jute Fibers—A Review of Recent Trends, Processing Parameters and Mechanical Properties

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usha Kiran Sanivada ◽  
Gonzalo Mármol ◽  
F. P. Brito ◽  
Raul Fangueiro
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fibers ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Flax Fibers ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
Economic Price ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Multiple environmental concerns such as garbage generation, accumulation in disposal systems and recyclability are powerful drivers for the use of many biodegradable materials. Due to the new uses and requests of plastic users, the consumption of biopolymers is increasing day by day. Polylactic Acid (PLA) being one of the most promising biopolymers and researched extensively, it is emerging as a substitute for petroleum-based polymers. Similarly, owing to both environmental and economic benefits, as well as to their technical features, natural fibers are arising as likely replacements to synthetic fibers to reinforce composites for numerous products. This work reviews the current state of the art of PLA compounds reinforced with two of the high strength natural fibers for this application: flax and jute. Flax fibers are the most valuable bast-type fibers and jute is a widely available plant at an economic price across the entire Asian continent. The physical and chemical treatments of the fibers and the production processing of the green composites are exposed before reporting the main achievements of these materials for structural applications. Detailed information is summarized to understand the advances throughout the last decade and to settle the basis of the next generation of flax/jute reinforced PLA composites (200 Maximum).

Characterization of Curaua Fibers by Infrared Spectroscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 775-776 ◽  
pp. 325-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Neves Monteiro ◽  
Frederico Muylaert Margem ◽  
Noan Tonini Simonassi ◽  
Rômulo Leite Loiola ◽  
Michel Picanço Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Lignocellulosic Fibers ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Curaua Fibers ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Curauá Fiber

Natural fibers obtained from plants are being investigated as possible engineering materials with application in polymer composite reinforcement. For instance, the lignocellulosic fibers extracted from the leaves of the curaua plant (Ananas erectifolius) display a reinforcement potential owing to their relatively high strength. However, the curaua fiber has a poor adhesion with the polymeric matrix. In order to understand the curaua fiber interaction with a polymer matrix, the physical and chemical characteristics need to be evaluated. Among these characteristics, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) provides relevant information about the functional molecular groups and their possible interaction. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to analyze the FTIR of curaua fibers by means of transmittance spectrum obtained in the FTIR method with a 60o angle. The results showed peaks corresponding to specific molecular interaction that are discussed and compared to other results.

Thermomechanical Characterization of a Mortar Reinforced by Animal Fibers

2013 ◽  
Vol 550 ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Makhlouf ◽  
Souad Khedache ◽  
Dihia Djefel ◽  
Gilles Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Poultry Feather ◽  
Physical And Chemical

To meet the needs always more accurate and demanding in the construction industry, mechanical and thermal or acoustic features of building materials have known significant improvements over the last two decades. Researchers in materials science and civil engineering are constantly listening to the industry and continue to innovate in this field. The current trend is the search for new materials, called intelligent, where several properties as mechanical and physico-chemical are combined. In our case, the aim was to develop a new construction material reaching the construction standards, --- i.e. with acceptable mechanical properties --- but which is also able to perform other functions such as thermal insulation or sound insulation. To do this, we chose to strengthen a cement mortar with natural fibers obtained from poultry feather. A physical and chemical stability behavior is obtained thanks to a treatment performed before their incorporation into the composite matrix. The fibers are introduced in a mortar matrix as a substitute for mineral or synthetic fibers which are traditionally used for this purpose. The cylindrical and prismatic specimens were then prepared with the composite in order to determine the mechanical characteristics of this composite. Compression tests and three-point bending were carried out for this purpose. To determine the thermal conductivity of composites, several plates with different percentages of fiber, whose size is 300x300x10 mm3, was chosen in order to be adaptable to the experimental device, were fabricated.

scholarly journals Low-Cost α+β PM Ti Alloys by Fe/Ni Addition to Pure Ti

2016 ◽  
Vol 861 ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
Leandro Bolzoni ◽  
E.M. Ruiz-Navas ◽  
Elena Gordo
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Ti Alloys ◽  
Ni Addition ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Fabrication Costs

Ti and its alloys can deliver a very interesting combination of properties such as low density, high strength, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility and, therefore, are very flexible materials which can be adapted to various applications. Nonetheless, Ti and Ti alloys are only employed in critical applications (i.e. aeronautical and aerospace, nautical, medical, etc.) or in products for leisure. In both of these cases the higher fabrication costs of Ti in comparison to its competitors (i.e. steel and aluminium) is not the limiting factor as it is for many structural applications, especially for mass production (i.e. automotive sector). The use of creative techniques and the decrement of the starting price of Ti have been identified as the two main routes to follow to decrease the fabrication costs. In this study, the production of low-cost α+β Ti alloys has been assessed by combining the addition of cheap alloying elements (in particular a Fe/Ni powder) with the classical powder metallurgy route (pressing and sintering). Physical and mechanical properties as well as microstructural analysis of these low-cost alloys were measured and correlated to the processing parameters used to sinter them. It is found that the low-cost Ti alloys show similar behaviour to conventional α+β Ti alloys and, thus, have the potential to be used for non-critical applications.

scholarly journals PERSPECTIVE DIRECTION OF CALCULATION AND DESIGN OF REINFORCING CARCASSES OF TENSION FIRE HOSES ON BASIS OF SYNTHETIC FIBERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Akerke E. Aripbaeva ◽  
Zhumakhan U. Myrkhalykov ◽  
Oscar I. Koifman ◽  
Yuriy M. Bazarov ◽  
Sergey G. Stepanov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene ◽  
Polyamide 66 ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Hydraulic Impact ◽  
Ultrahigh Molecular Weight ◽  
Uhmwpe Fibers ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Negative Factors

The physical and chemical properties of synthetic fibers of various compositions for reinforcing carcasses of pressure fire fibers, and their appointment and structure were denoted. It is noted that due to the effect of negative factors (mechanical wear, impact of low and high temperatures, the action of sunlight, aging of the material, accidental release of chemically active substances, etc..) on pressure fire hoses at their exploitation, increased demands are imposed on the material of synthetic fibers of pressure fire hoses, the most important of which is resistant to abrasion. The use of pressure fire hoses from polyester fibers based on PET shows that the main reason for breaking up the fibers at their exploitation is abrasion of the surface. In this regard, the use fibers of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE fibers) and fibers of PET, polyamide 66 (PA-66) having high strength and abrasion resistance as a material of reinforcing carcass of pressure fire hoses was proposed. It is extremely important to  develop and improve of the calculation theory and design of fire hoses in hydraulic impact, which will be demand in the calculation and design of new types of pressure fire hoses on the basis of synthetic fibers, as well as to identify reasons for breaking of pressure fire hoses to extinguish the fire, to create a new high-pressure fire hoses. In this regard, the brief analysis of publications on their strength calculation at the hydraulic impact was carried out and achievements in the field of calculation and design of reinforcing carcasses of fire hoses were denoted.

ANALYZING THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THERMOPLASTIC REINFORCED WITH NATURAL FIBERS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIDHI M. THANKI ◽  
ABIGAIL HENDERSON ◽  
JOE FEHRENBACH ◽  
CHAD ULVEN ◽  
ALI AMIRI
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Glass Carbon

Synthetic fibers such as glass, carbon, etc., are used as reinforcement in polymer composites due to their high strength and modulus. However, synthetic fibers contribute to high costs and have a significant environmental impact. To overcome this challenge, various natural fibers, including banana, kenaf, coir, bamboo, hemp, and sisal fiber, as reinforced in a polymer matrix are investigated for mechanical properties. In this study, biocomposites with natural fibers as reinforced are developed and characterized. Treated and untreated natural fibers such as flax, maple, and pine as reinforced in thermoplastic, in this study, polypropylene (PP), are investigated for the mechanical properties, including tensile, flexural, and impact test. Mechanical test results exhibited that adding the natural fibers enhanced the tensile, flexural, and impact properties. It can be inferred that these biocomposites can be used as potential materials for the automobile industry.

In situ observation of the martensitic transformation in (Mg,Y)-PSZ

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
R-R. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Martensitic Transformation ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Applied Stresses ◽  
Kinetics Of

Partially-stabilized ZrO2 (PSZ) ceramics have considerable potential for advanced structural applications because of their high strength and toughness. These properties derive from small tetragonal ZrO2 (t-ZrO2) precipitates in a cubic (c) ZrO2 matrix, which transform martensitically to monoclinic (m) symmetry under applied stresses. The kinetics of the martensitic transformation is believed to be nucleation controlled and the nucleation is always stress induced. In situ observation of the martensitic transformation using transmission electron microscopy provides considerable information about the nucleation and growth aspects of the transformation.

ALCOA 2024

Alloy Digest ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
2024 Alloy ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Strength Material

Abstract Alcoa 2024 alloy has good machinability and machined surface finish capability, and is a high-strength material of adequate workability. It has largely superseded alloy 2017 (see Alloy Digest Al-58, August 1974) for structural applications. The alloy has comparable strength to some mild steels. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as machining and surface treatment. Filing Code: AL-346. Producer or source: ALCOA Wire, Rod & Bar Division.

UNS A97075

Alloy Digest ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Structural Parts ◽  
Very High

Abstract UNS No. A97075 is a wrought precipitation-hardenable aluminum alloy. It has excellent mechanical properties, workability and response to heat treatment and refrigeration. Its typical uses comprise aircraft structural parts and other highly stressed structural applications where very high strength and good resistance to corrosion are required. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on low temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: Al-269. Producer or source: Various aluminum companies.

AISI No. 633

Alloy Digest ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Structural Applications

Abstract AISI No. 633 is a chromium-nickel-molybdenum stainless steel whose properties can be changed by heat treatment. It bridges the gap between the austenitic and martensitic stainless steels; that is, it has some of the properties of each. Its uses include high-strength structural applications, corrosion-resistant springs and knife blades. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-389. Producer or source: Stainless steel mills.

FERRIUM M54

Alloy Digest ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Fracture Toughness ◽  
High Fracture ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Resistance To Stress

Abstract Ferrium M54 was designed to create a cost-effective, ultra high-strength, high-fracture toughness material with a high resistance to stress-corrosion cracking for use in structural applications. This datasheet provides information on composition, hardness, and tensile properties as well asfatigue. Filing Code: SA-822. Producer or source: QuesTek Innovations, LLC.

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