scholarly journals Rendering Banana Plant Residues into a Potentially Commercial Byproduct by Doping Cellulose Films with Phenolic Compounds

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 843
Author(s):  
Rosa E. A. Nascimento ◽  
Joana Monte ◽  
Mafalda Cadima ◽  
Vítor D. Alves ◽  
Luísa A. Neves
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Cellulose ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Banana Plant ◽  
Hemicellulose Removal

This study seeks to render residues from banana plants into a useful byproduct with possible applications in wound dressings and food packaging. Films based on cellulose extracted from banana plant pseudostem and doped with phenolic compounds extracted from banana plant leaves were developed. The phenolic compounds were extracted using batch solid-liquid and Soxhlet methods, with different drying temperatures and periods of time. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were quantified. The optimum values were obtained using a three-day period batch-solid extraction at 40 °C (791.74 ± 43.75 mg/L). SEM analysis indicates that the pseudostem (PS) films have a porous structure, as opposed to hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) films which presented a homogeneous and dense surface. Mechanical properties confirmed the poor robustness of PS films. By contrast HEC films manifested improved tensile strength at low levels of water activity. FTIR spectroscopy reinforced the need to improve the cellulose extraction process, the success of lignin and hemicellulose removal, and the presence of phenolic compounds. XRD, TGA and contact angle analysis showed similar results for both films, with an amorphous structure, thermal stability and hydrophilic behavior.

First application of different Chlorella sp. microalgal strains for the treatment of vegetation waters derived from unconventional oil extractions enriched with citrus byproducts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Chiellini ◽  
Monica Macaluso ◽  
Adriana Ciurli ◽  
Lorenzo Guglielminetti ◽  
Isabella Taglieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Vegetation Water

The Mediterranean diet has among its cornerstones the use of olive oil for its nutraceutical and organoleptic properties. Despite the numerous merits, olive-oil mill wastewater (OMWW), which is generated by the olive-oil extraction process, is one of the most serious environmental pollutants in the Mediterranean countries. The polluting potential of OMWW is due to its high content of tannins, polyphenols, polyalcohols, pectins and lipids. In this experiment, we tested the ability of five microalgae of the Chlorella group (SEC_LI_ChL_1, CL-Sc, CL-Ch, FB and Idr) in lowering the percentage of total phenolic compounds in vegetation water. In order to close the recovery cycle of a fortified citrus olive oils previously developed, we tested the vegetation wa-ter obtained with three different extraction processes (conventional, lemon and orange peels) at three concentrations each (10%, 25% and 50%). Results showed that strains Idr, FB and CL-Sc from the Lake Massaciuccoli can tolerate vegetation water from conventional and lemon peels extraction up to 25%; these strains can also reduce the phenolic compounds within the tests. The results demonstrate that the application of microalgae for OMWW treatment represent an inter-esting opportunity, and an eco-friendly low-cost solution to be developed within the companies as a full-scale approach.

scholarly journals Treatment of Two-Phase Olive Mill Wastewater and Recovery of Phenolic Compounds Using Membrane Technology

Membranes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varvara Sygouni ◽  
Alexis G. Pantziaros ◽  
Iakovos C. Iakovides ◽  
Evangelia Sfetsa ◽  
Polychronia I. Bogdou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Membrane Technology ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Final Effluent

The semi-solid wastes (pomace or alperujo) produced in the two-phase olive oil extraction process contains extremely high organic load and phenolic substances. Efficient treatment of such kinds of wastes using membrane filtration, should be sought to reduce the hazardous effects to the environment. On the other hand, phenolic compounds can be isolated and purified up to a level of commercial exploitation using the membrane technology. Firstly, the extraction process with mixtures of water and ethanol was optimized by testing extraction parameters (e.g., solvent’s mixture, duration, and temperature) at laboratory scale. Next, extraction was conducted using larger volumes and the treatment was continued in a pilot membrane filtration system, consisted of ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. The extracted solution from the olive oil pomace was fed to the pilot membrane filtration system, where all fat, lipids, and solids were removed while the phenolic compounds were concentrated in the retentate streams of NF and/or RO. Total phenolic content (TPC) at the RO’s concentrate stream was 225 mg/L and at the final effluent was lower than 10 mg/lt. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) value at the final effluent was much lower (~280 mg/L) than in the feed stream (>32,000 mg/L).

scholarly journals Biodegradation of Olive Mill Effluent by White-Rot Fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 9930
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel Díaz ◽  
Marta Ibañez ◽  
Adriana Laca ◽  
Mario Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phanerochaete Chrysosporium ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Two Phase

The liquid fraction from the two-phase extraction process in the olive industry (alperujo), is a waste that contains lignocellulosic organic matter and phenolic compounds, difficult to treat by conventional biological methods. Lignocellulosic enzymes from white-rot fungi can be an interesting solution to break down these recalcitrant compounds and advance the treatment of that waste. In the present work the ability of Phanerochaete chrysosporium to degrade the abovementioned liquid waste (AL) was studied. Experiments were carried out at 26 °C within the optimal pH range 4–6 for 10 days and with and without the addition of glucose, measuring the evolution of COD, BOD5, biodegradability index, reducing sugars, total phenolic compounds, and colour. The results obtained in this study revealed the interest of Phanerochaete chrysosporium for an economical and eco-friendly treatment of alperujo, achieving COD and colour removals around 60%, and 32% of total phenolic compounds degradation, regardless of glucose addition.

scholarly journals Chitosan Nanoparticles as a Promising Nanomaterial for Encapsulation of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Peel Extract as a Natural Source of Antioxidants

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1439
Author(s):  
Maral Soltanzadeh ◽  
Seyed Hadi Peighambardoust ◽  
Babak Ghanbarzadeh ◽  
Maryam Mohammadi ◽  
José M. Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Structural Morphology ◽  
Peel Extract

The encapsulation of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) in chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) is an advantageous strategy to protect sensitive constituents of the extract. This study was aimed to develop PPE-loaded CSNPs and characterize their physical, structural morphology, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Spherical NPs were successfully synthesized with a mean diameter of 174–898 nm, a zeta potential (ZP) of +3–+36 mV, an encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 26–70%, and a loading capacity (LC) of 14–21% depending on their loaded extract concentrations. Based on these results, CSNPs with chitosan:PPE ratio of 1:0.50 (w/w) exhibited good physical stability (ZP = 27 mV), the highest loading (LC = 20%) and desirable encapsulation efficiency (EE = 51%), and thus, selected as optimally loaded NPs. The FTIR analysis of PPE-CSNPs demonstrated no spectral changes indicating no possible chemical interaction between the PPE and CSNPs, which confirms that the PPE was physically entrapped within NPs. Moreover, FTIR spectra of pure PPE showed specific absorption bands (at 3293–3450 cm−1) attributed to the incidence of phenolic compounds, such as tannic acid, ellagic acid and gallic acid. Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant analysis of selected CSNPs revealed that the encapsulated NPs had significantly lower TPC and antioxidant activity than those of pure PPE, indicating that CSNPs successfully preserved PPE from rapid release during the measurements. Antibacterial tests indicated that pure PPE and PPE-loaded CSNPs effectively retarded the growth of Gram-positive S. aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.27 and 1.1 mg/mL, respectively. Whereas Gram-negative E. coli, due to its protective cell membrane, was not retarded by pure PPE and PPE-CSNPs at the MIC values tested in this study. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis confirmed the incidence of various phytochemicals, including phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and furfurals, with possible antioxidant or antimicrobial properties. Overall, CSNPs can be regarded as suitable nanomaterials for the protection and controlled delivery of natural antioxidants/antimicrobials, such as PPE in food packaging applications.

scholarly journals Profile of phenolic compounds and antimicrobial potential of hydroalcoholic extracts from cashew-apple coproducts

2021 ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Amanda Germano Silveira ◽  
Mônica Maria de Almeida Lopes ◽  
Elaine Cristina Pereira ◽  
George Meredite Cunha de Castro ◽  
Thais Andrade Germano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Bath ◽  
Antimicrobial Potential ◽  
Cashew Apple ◽  
Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria

Phytochemicals from tropical fruits and their by-products have shown the potential to use as antimicrobial natural. This study aimed to optimize the recovery of phenolic compounds (total polyphenols and flavonoids) from cashew apple using ultrasound-assisted extraction to promote the functional attributes to its coproducts and to evaluate their antioxidant and antimicrobial potential. An experimental design applying a response surface methodology was used for the extraction process. The ethanol concentration (13.76 % to 56.21 %) and the ultrasonic bath time (21.71 to 78.28 min.) were considered as independent variables, and the polyphenols content, total flavonoids as dependent variables. The phenolic profile of optimized hydroalcoholic extracts (UPLC-QToF-MSE) and their antimicrobial potential against foodborne pathogenic bacteria was assessed. The optimized conditions for a total phenolic extract of 750 mg GAE 100 g-1 were 42.16 % ethanol and 37.34 min in an ultrasonic bath, and for total flavonoids of 479.07 mg of quercetin per 100 g-1 were 37.15 % ethanol and 25.13 min. A total of 15 compounds including quercetin and myricetin derivatives, gallic acid, and anacardic acid were identified. The extracts displayed effective action against Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. The extracts were effective against foodborne pathogenic bacteria thus demonstrating their potential to be a good natural alternative to synthetic additives in the food industry.

scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds from Leaves and Twigs of Guayule Grown in a Mediterranean Environment

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Piluzza ◽  
Giuseppe Campesi ◽  
Maria Giovanna Molinu ◽  
Giovanni Antonio Re ◽  
Leonardo Sulas
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Mediterranean Environment ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
First Time

Guayule (Parthenium argentatum) is one of the most promising alternatives to produce natural rubber. As the guayule leaves represent a waste byproduct in the rubber extraction process, their exploitation might contribute to the valorization of the whole plant biomass. The specific aim of our study was to determine the antioxidant capacity and the content of phenolic compounds in leaves and twigs of different guayule lines cultivated in a Mediterranean environment. The antioxidant capacity and the contents of phenolic were affected significantly by guayule accession and harvest time. Overall means in twigs represented about 60% of the corresponding leaf values for antioxidant capacity as DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and not tannic phenolic and about 55% as ABTS (2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt), total phenolic, tannic phenolic and total flavonoid contents. Five individual phenolic compounds were identified in methanolic extracts of leaves. Neochlorogenic acid (62.5–174.8 mg g−1 DW) and chlorogenic acid (28.6–41.1 mg g−1 DW) were the most abundant phenolic acids. In addition to the compounds quantified in leaves, cynarin was identified only in twigs and for the first time in guayule biomass. Our results indicate that guayule leaves and twigs represent a rich source of antioxidants for potential applications in fodder, nutraceutical and pharmacological sectors.

scholarly journals Extraction of Polyphenols from Olive Leaves Employing Deep Eutectic Solvents: The Application of Chemometrics to a Quantitative Study on Antioxidant Compounds

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 831
Author(s):  
Hamida Akli ◽  
Spyros Grigorakis ◽  
Abdessamie Kellil ◽  
Sofia Loupassaki ◽  
Dimitris P. Makris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Solid Ratio

The extraction of phenolic compounds from olive leaves was optimized using three glycerol-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with lysine, proline, and arginine. A three-level Box–Behnken design was used to examine the influence of the liquid/solid ratio, concentration of DESs, and extraction temperature on the yield of the extraction process. A second-order polynomial model was used for predicting the polyphenol extraction yield. The optimal predicted conditions were used for extractions and they provided the highest total phenol yields with the glycerol–lysine exhibiting the best performance. Quantification of tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, and rutin in the extracts showed high content in tyrosol in all DESs, particularly with glycerol–lysine and relatively similar contents with other studies for the other phenolic compounds. Finally, a linear relationship between tyrosol content and the total phenolic content of the extracts was observed.

scholarly journals Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction of Buriti (Mauritia Flexuosa) Oil: Yield and Antioxidant Compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jezica P.P. Silva ◽  
Antonio M.C. Rodrigues ◽  
Luiza H.M. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Aqueous Extraction ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Buriti Oil ◽  
Aqueous Extraction Process

Introduction: Enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction is considered an emerging green technique that has been applied to different oilseeds. Objective: This study aimed to study the enzymatic aqueous extraction process of buriti oil using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) combined with the response surface methodology aiming to obtain higher yield and antioxidant compounds in the oil. Methods: The study was carried out in two steps. The first assessed the efficiency of different enzymes (cellulase, pectinase, and protease) and the variables of greater influence in the extraction process, being conducted for each enzyme a CCRD design. The second step was carried out with the enzyme that showed the best performance on the extraction yield, changing the experimental bands of the variables that had greater significance in the first step, with the goal of broadening the spectrum of study. Were also evaluated in this step, total carotenoids, total phenolic compounds, and the antioxidant capacity of the oils extracted. Results: In the first experiment, cellulase gave the highest yield, while the most significant variables were temperature and time. For the second design, performed with cellulase, were defined as optimal operating conditions at 55 °C temperature, 2% enzyme concentration and 6 hours extraction. For these conditions, the yield obtained was 76.5%, with total carotenoid concentration of 3,119.5 µg β-carotene.g-1. Analysis of variance was performed and showed the significance of the regression and non-significance of the lack-of-fit (p<0.05). The coefficients of determination of the yield and carotenoid content were 95.6% and 94.5%, respectively. The highest value of total phenolic compounds determined for buriti oil in this study was 254 ± 5 µg GAE.g-1 oil, while for the antioxidant capacity was 218.0 ± 0.3 µmol Trolox.g-1 oil. Conclusion: The enzymatic aqueous extraction process is viable for buriti oil and produced oils with high concentrations of antioxidant compounds.

scholarly journals Optimization of a technique to quantify the total phenolic compounds in jambolan ( Syzygium cumini Lamark) pulp

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taís Silva de Oliveira Brandão ◽  
Lorena Silva Pinho ◽  
Elisa Teshima ◽  
Jorge Mauricio David ◽  
Maria Isabel Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Ethanol In Water

Abstract There are various known extraction methods that can be applied to the quantification of phenolic compounds, and thus it is up to the researcher to perfect the process that best applies to the sample in question. Different extraction solvents (liquid-liquid extraction) were compared in order to assess their effectiveness for the analysis of total phenols in jambolan ( Syzygium cumini Lamark) pulp extract using the conventional Folin-Ciocalteau methodology. Three CCRDs (Central Composite Rotational Designs) were carried out to evaluate the factors influencing the extraction process conditions. The variables studied were the solvent concentration (ethanol and methanol, diluted in water) and the mixing time in the compound extraction process. Of the conditions studied, it was shown that a 60% ethanol in water extraction solvent with a mixing time of 10 minutes, in addition to extracting a greater concentration of phenolic compounds, showed the greatest cost benefit advantage, since ethanol is cheaper and less toxic than methanol.

scholarly journals Bioactive compounds in the leaves of Baccharis dracunculifolia: extraction process and characterization

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e49826
Author(s):  
Genice Iurckevicz ◽  
Débora Dahmer ◽  
Maira Casagrande ◽  
Gabrielle Cristina Calegari ◽  
Tatiane Luiza Cadorin Oldoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Popular Medicine ◽  
Scavenging Capacity ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
Optimized Conditions

Baccharis dracunculifolia has been used in popular medicine because of its bioactive properties, which include anti-inflammatory, antiulcerative and hepatoprotective potentials. A 2³ central composite rotational design was used to define the best conditions for extracting the bioactive compounds from the leaves of Baccharis dracunculifolia. The parameters studied included the solvent concentration, time and temperature of extraction and the influence of these on the total phenolics content and antioxidant activity. The best conditions were 95 % methanol (v/v), 20 min extraction time, and 70 °C temperature. Under the optimized conditions, high contents of total phenolic compounds (72.5 mg GAE g-1) and high DPPH (865.6 µmol TE g-1) and ABTS (331.11 μmol TE g-1) free radical scavenging capacity and a high ferric reducing antioxidant power (1558.00 μmol FeSO4.7H2O g-1), were obtained. The extract also showed promising anti-microbial activity, demonstrating fungistatic action against C. tropicalis and C. albicans (5 mg mL-1 and 7 mg mL-1, respectively) and bacteriostatic effect against Escherichia coli (60 e 70 mg mL-1), Salmonella enterica typhimurium (40; 60 and 70 mg mL-1) and Staphylococcus aureus (4 mg mL-1). HPLC-DAD analysis showed an extract rich in the phenolic compounds catechin (0.659 mg g-1), caffeic acid (1.135 mg g-1), p-coumaric acid (0.772 mg g-1), ferulic acid (6.24 mg g-1), pinocembrina (0.155 mg g-1) and rutin (0.037 mg g-1).

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