scholarly journals Numerical Approach for the Assessment of Micro-Textured Walls Effects on Rubber Injection Moulding

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1739
Author(s):  
María García-Camprubí ◽  
Carmen Alfaro-Isac ◽  
Belén Hernández-Gascón ◽  
José Ramón Valdés ◽  
Salvador Izquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Texturing ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Reduced Order ◽  
Flow Perturbation ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Elastomeric Materials ◽  
Ring Seal ◽  
Elastomeric Seals

Micro-surface texturing of elastomeric seals is a validated method to improve the friction and wear characteristics of the seals. In this study, the injection process of high-viscosity elastomeric materials in moulds with wall microprotusions is evaluated. To this end, a novel CFD methodology is developed and implemented in OpenFOAM to address rubber flow behaviour at both microscale and macroscale. The first approach allows analyzing the flow perturbation induced by a particular surface texture and generate results to calculate an equivalent wall shear stress that is introduced into the macroscale case through reduced order modelling. The methodology is applied to simulate rubber injection in textured moulds in an academic case (straight pipe) and a real case (D-ring seal mould). In both cases, it is shown that textured walls do not increase the injection pressure and therefore the manufacturing process is not adversely affected.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Effects of Stress Variations on the Permeability of Feldspar-Quartz Sandstone

Geofluids ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fugang Wang ◽  
Zhaoxu Mi ◽  
Zhaojun Sun ◽  
Xufeng Li ◽  
Tianshan Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Repeated Loading ◽  
Micropore Structure ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Reservoir Permeability ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Cyclic Variations ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Stress Variations

The multistage and discontinuous nature of the injection process used in the geological storage of CO2 causes reservoirs to experience repeated loading and unloading. The reservoir permeability changes caused by this phenomenon directly impact the CO2 injection process and the process of CO2 migration in the reservoirs. Through laboratory experiments, variations in the permeability of sandstone in the Liujiagou formation of the Ordos CO2 capture and storage (CCS) demonstration project were analyzed using cyclic variations in injection pressure and confining pressure and multistage loading and unloading. The variation in the micropore structure and its influence on the permeability were analyzed based on micropore structure tests. In addition, the effects of multiple stress changes on the permeability of the same type of rock with different clay minerals content were also analyzed. More attention should be devoted to the influence of pressure variations on permeability in evaluations of storage potential and studies of CO2 migration in reservoirs in CCS engineering.

Fabrication of Ultra Low-Density Binderless Sandwiching Materials by Rapid Steam Injection

2016 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
pp. 1482-1487
Author(s):  
Fan Cheng ◽  
Yu Hao Jiang ◽  
Jin Bo Chen ◽  
Peng Bo Lu ◽  
Ling Feng Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Absorption Property ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Injection Technology

Eco-friendly building materials with perfect thermal insulation & sound absorption property have become intriguing and eye-catching in recent years. In this work, the ultra low-density binderless sandwiching materials were firstly fabricated with ultra low-density of 60-80 kg/m3 by self-designed rapid steam injection technology. The main experimental factor of density, holding time, transmission time, steam injection pressure and fiber’s dimension was respectively investigated to their effects on formation of the new building materials. IR, Py GC-MS and AFM analysis were performed to study the mechanism of binderless sandwiching materials under steam injection process. The bending strength, thermal insulation & sound absorption property of the new materials were also studied. This new building material with no resin use and no formaldehyde release is expected to be reserved as the sandwich for designing thermal insulation & noise reduction building materials.

Numerical Investigation of the Identifiability of Elastomer Mechanical Properties by Nano-Indentation and Shape-Manifold Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oumaima Ezzaamari ◽  
Guénhaël Le Quilliec ◽  
Florian Lacroix ◽  
Stéphane Méo
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Kriging Interpolation ◽  
Nano Indentation ◽  
Kriging Interpolation Method ◽  
Elastomeric Materials ◽  
Hyper Elastic ◽  
Characterization Test

ABSTRACT Various research is covering instrumented nano-indentation in the literature. However, studies on this characterization test remain limited when it comes to the local mechanical behavior of elastomeric materials. The application of nano-indentation on these materials is a difficult task given their complex mechanical and structural characteristics. We try to overcome these experimental limitations and find an effective numerical approach for local mechanical characterization of hyper-elastic materials. For such needs, we carried out a numerical study based on model reduction and shape manifold approach to investigate the parameters identification of different hyper-elastic constitutive laws by using instrumented indentation. Similarly, we studied the influence of the indenter geometry, the friction coefficient variation, and finally the indented material height effect. To this end, we constructed a reduced order model through a design of experiments by proper orthogonal decomposition combined with the kriging interpolation method.

Is High Viscosity a Requirement for Fracturing Fluids?

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Busteed ◽  
Jesus Arroyo ◽  
Francisco Morales ◽  
Mohammed Omer ◽  
Francisco E. Fragachan
Keyword(s):  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Fracture Network ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Well Performance ◽  
Field Case ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Fracturing Fluids ◽  
Fracture Closure

Abstract Uniformly distributing proppant inside fractures with low damage on fracture conductivity is the most important index of successful fracturing fluids. However, due to very low proppant suspension capacity of slickwater and friction reducers fracturing fluids and longer fracture closure time in nano & pico darcies formations, proppants settles quickly and accumulates near wellbore resulting in worse-than-expected well performance, as the fracture full capacity is not open and contributing to production. Traditionally, cross-linked polymer fluid systems are capable to suspend and transport high loading of proppants into a hydraulically generated fracture. Nevertheless, amount of unbroken cross-linked polymers is usually left in fractures causing damage to fracture proppant conductivity, depending on polymer loading. To mitigate these challenges, a low viscosity-engineered-fluid with excellent proppantcarrying capacity and suspension-in excess of 30 hours at static formation temperature conditions - has been designed, enhancing proppant placement and distribution within developed fractures, with a 98% plus retained conductivity. In this work experimental and numerical tests are presented together with the path followed in developing a network of packed structures from polymer associations providing low viscosity and maximum proppant suspension. Challenges encountered during field injection with friction are discussed together with the problem understanding characterized via extensive friction loop tests. Suspension tests performed with up to 8-10 PPA of proppant concentration at temperature conditions are shared, together with slot tests performed. Physics-based model results from a 3D Discrete Fracture Network simulator that computes viscosity, and elastic parameters based on shear rate, allows to estimate pressure losses along the flow path from surface lines, tubular goods, perforations, and fracture. This work will demonstrate the advanced capabilities and performance of the engineered fluid over conventional fracturing fluids and its benefits. Additionally, this paper will present field injection pressure analysis performed during the development of this fluid, together with a field case including production results after 8 months of treatment. The field case production decline observed after fracture treatment demonstrates the value of this system in sustaining well production and adding additional reserves.

Field Implementation of In-Depth Conformance Gel Treatment Prior to Starting an ASP Flooding Pilot

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed T. Al-Murayri ◽  
Abrahim Hassan ◽  
Naser Alajmi ◽  
Jimmy Nesbit ◽  
Bastien Thery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Solution ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Production Well ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Injection Wells ◽  
Appreciable Change ◽  
Well Pattern ◽  
Gel Treatment ◽  
Viscosity Polymer

Abstract Mature carbonate reservoirs under waterflood in Kuwait suffer from relatively low oil recovery due to poor volumetric sweep efficiency, both areal, vertically, and microscopically. An Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer (ASP) pilot using a regular five-spot well pattern is in progress targeting the Sabriyah Mauddud (SAMA) reservoir in pursuit of reserves growth and production sustainability. SAMA suffers from reservoir heterogeneities mainly associated with permeability contrast which may be improved with a conformance treatment to de-risk pre-mature breakthrough of water and chemical EOR agents in preparation for subsequent ASP injection and to improve reservoir contact by the injected fluids. Each of the four injection wells in the SAMA ASP pilot was treated with a chemical conformance improvement formulation. A high viscosity polymer solution (HVPS) of 200 cP was injected prior to a gelant formulation consisting of P300 polymer and X1050 crosslinker. After a shut-in period, wells were then returned to water injection. Injection of high viscosity polymer solution (HVPS) at the four injection wells showed no increase in injection pressure and occurred higher than expected injection rates. Early breakthrough of polymer was observed at SA-0561 production well from three of the four injection wells. No appreciable change in oil cut was observed. HVPS did not improve volumetric sweep efficiency based on the injection and production data. Gel treatment to improve the volumetric conformance of the four injection wells resulted in all the injection wells showing increased of injection pressure from approximately 3000 psi to 3600 psi while injecting at a constant rate of approximately 2,000 bb/day/well. Injection profiles from each of the injection well ILTs showed increased injection into lower-capacity zones and decreased injection into high-capacity zones. Inter-well tracer testing showed delayed tracer breakthrough at the center SA-0561 production well from each of the four injection wells after gel placement. SA-0561 produced average daily produced temperature increased from approximately 40°C to over 50°C. SA-0561 oil cuts increased up to almost 12% from negligible oil sheen prior to gel treatments. Gel treatment improved volumetric sweep efficiency in the SAMA SAP pilot area.

Investigations on Low Heat Rejection Diesel Engine With Crude Jatropha Oil as an Alternate Fuel

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. S. Murali Krishna ◽  
C. M. Vara Prasad ◽  
Tandur Rajashekar ◽  
Supriya Tiwari ◽  
T. Sujani
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Heat Rejection ◽  
Reduction Of Nox ◽  
Conventional Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Operation

Jatropha oil, a non-edible vegetable oil shows a greater potential for replacing conventional diesel fuel quite effectively, as its properties are compatible to that of diesel fuel. But low volatility and high viscosity of jatropha oil call for hot combustion chamber, which is provided by a low heat rejection diesel engine with threaded air gap piston and liner with superni-90 inserts. The performance of the engine with jatropha oil is obtained with different versions of the engine such as conventional engine and insulated engine at normal and preheat condition of the oil, with varying injection pressure and timing and compared to the engine with pure diesel operation at recommended injection pressure and timing. Increase of thermal efficiency of 18% and reduction of NOx levels by 5% are observed at optimized injection timing and at higher injection pressure with insulated engine at preheat condition of jatropha oil in comparison with pure diesel operation on conventional engine.

Parametric Study of Channeling Flow in Low Permeability Reservoir with Mudstone Interlayer

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 1190-1195
Author(s):  
Jian Jun Liu ◽  
Quan Shu Li ◽  
Gui Hong Pei
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Low Permeability Reservoir ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Well Spacing ◽  
Pressure Water ◽  
Channeling Flow

Channeling flow frequently occurs during the high pressure water injection of low permeability reservoir. The injection process is complex and covers so many parameters of which the contribution to channeling flow is necessarily to be studied. In this paper, numerical simulation is combined with sensitivity analysis method to calculate the significance of the weight of parameters to the channeling flow. First the values of different parameters are produced by using Latin hypercube method; second, by using these parameters, finite element model have been established and simulated, and the quantity of channeling flow has been calculated; then Spearman rank relation is applied to measure the relation of parameters and channeling flow. The results states that, in 10 years continuous injection, the well spacing and injection pressure have significant impact on the channeling flow. This states that during the application of high pressure water injection, the pressure and well spacing should be controlled especially.

Penetrability of microfine cement grouts: experimental investigation and fuzzy regression modeling

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 868-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis N. Markou ◽  
Dimitrios N. Christodoulou ◽  
Basil K. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Fuzzy Regression ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Penetration Length ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Ordinary Regression ◽  
Microfine Cement ◽  
Cement Grouts ◽  
Microfine Cements ◽  
Sand Grain Size

One-dimensional injection tests were conducted on sand columns with a height of 134 cm for the penetrability evaluation of microfine cement grouts. Three ordinary cement types were pulverized to obtain microfine cements having nominal maximum grain sizes of 20 and 10 μm, and these cements were used in the present investigation. Suspensions with water to cement (W/C) ratios of 1, 2, and 3, by weight, were injected into 13 clean sands with d15 ranging from 0.17 to 2.25 mm and Cu ranging from 1.19 to 6.67. Pulverization of the ordinary cements to produce microfine cements extends the range of groutable sands to “medium-to-fine”. Cement fineness; suspension W/C ratio and apparent viscosity; and sand grain size, gradation, and relative density are very important parameters, as they substantially affect both grout penetration and maximum injection pressure. The penetration length of cement grouts was correlated to parameters pertinent to the suspension, sand, and injection process by performing fuzzy and ordinary linear regression analyses of the injection test results. The resultant fuzzy regression models provided successful penetration length predictions for the majority of the cases analyzed, while the best ordinary regression model exhibited a correlation coefficient not higher than 0.363.

The Research of Variation Regularity of Coal Bed Methane Production in CO2 Flooding

2013 ◽  
Vol 868 ◽  
pp. 677-681
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Di Wu
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Initial Pressure ◽  
Coal Bed ◽  
Coal Bed Methane ◽  
Mixed Gas ◽  
Methane Recovery ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Injection Process

CO2flooding can increase coal bed methane production rate, enhance coal bed methane recovery and store CO2into underground. It has good application prospect for CBM development. This paper analyzes the adsorption-desorption law of mixed gas in the coal during the CO2injection process, as well as the diffusion and seepage law of gas in the coal seam. The sensitivity of factors affecting coal bed methane production is studied and then the coal bed methane production under different conditions is simulated numerically. The results show that methane concentration and coals permeability are the two key factors affecting the output of coal bed gas and their influence on productivity are even more significant than injection pressure and initial pressure. The higher injection pressure, coals permeability and gas concentration, the greater amount of methane the coal reservoirs will yield. When the coals permeability and the gas concentration in coal reservoirs increase, the growth rate of methane production accelerates accordingly.

Technology and Mechanical Properties of Samples Obtained by Injection From Arboform L, V3 Nature Reinforced With Aramid Fibers

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dumitru Nedelcu ◽  
Constantin Carausu ◽  
Ciprian Ciofu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Mold Temperature ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Aramid Fibers ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Important Trend ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

The use of recyclable materials has become an important trend in all activity areas, reason why material based on liquid wood called Arbofill, Arboblend and Arboform will replace plastic in different applications in the near future. The new materials are the main substances that have an important effect on company development and require some simple or complex manufacturing technologies. In case of Arboform L, V3 Nature the injected parts can be obtained using the same injection machines used for the injection of plastic materials. The technological injection parameters, such as: injection pressure, injection time, cooling time, mold temperature, etc., are different. The experimental research focused on tensile strength, friction coefficients, SEM analysis, XRD analysis and EDAX analysis. Considering all of these experimental results the Arboform L, V3 Nature reinforced with aramid fibers could replace the following plastic materials PA12, PVDF, ECTFE, PA66, PA12, PC, PP, PP GF 30, etc. Also taking into account all the results obtained, this material can replace plastic materials in many applications, such as: ornaments, including for cars, connectors, switches etc., electrical industry, different mobile accessories, computers, televisions, mobile phone cases, etc. The material obtained from Arboform reinforced with aramid fibers (5% percent) improved the injection process despite of easy decreasing of mechanical properties.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document