scholarly journals Counter-Acting Candida albicans-Staphylococcus aureus Mixed Biofilm on Titanium Implants Using Microbial Biosurfactants

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2420
Author(s):  
Erica Tambone ◽  
Alice Marchetti ◽  
Chiara Ceresa ◽  
Federico Piccoli ◽  
Adriano Anesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Yeast Nitrogen Base ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Nitrogen Base ◽  
Primary Osteoblasts

This study aimed to grow a fungal-bacterial mixed biofilm on medical-grade titanium and assess the ability of the biosurfactant R89 (R89BS) coating to inhibit biofilm formation. Coated titanium discs (TDs) were obtained by physical absorption of R89BS. Candida albicans-Staphylococcus aureus biofilm on TDs was grown in Yeast Nitrogen Base, supplemented with dextrose and fetal bovine serum, renewing growth medium every 24 h and incubating at 37 °C under agitation. The anti-biofilm activity was evaluated by quantifying total biomass, microbial metabolic activity and microbial viability at 24, 48, and 72 h on coated and uncoated TDs. Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate biofilm architecture. R89BS cytotoxicity on human primary osteoblasts was assayed on solutions at concentrations from 0 to 200 μg/mL and using eluates from coated TDs. Mixed biofilm was significantly inhibited by R89BS coating, with similar effects on biofilm biomass, cell metabolic activity and cell viability. A biofilm inhibition >90% was observed at 24 h. A lower but significant inhibition was still present at 48 h of incubation. Viability tests on primary osteoblasts showed no cytotoxicity of coated TDs. R89BS coating was effective in reducing C. albicans-S. aureus mixed biofilm on titanium surfaces and is a promising strategy to prevent dental implants microbial colonization.

scholarly journals Growth Media for Mixed Multispecies Oropharyngeal Biofilm Compositions on Silicone

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Leonhard ◽  
Beata Zatorska ◽  
Doris Moser ◽  
Berit Schneider-Stickler
Keyword(s):  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Yeast Nitrogen Base ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Base ◽  
Voice Prostheses

Aims. Microbial colonization of silicone voice prostheses by bacteria and Candida species limits the device lifetime of modern voice prostheses in laryngectomized patients. Thus, research focuses on biofilm inhibitive properties of novel materials, coatings, and surface enhancements. Goal of this in vitro study was the evaluation of seven commonly used growth media to simulate growth of mixed oropharyngeal species as mesoscale biofilms on prosthetic silicone for future research purposes. Methods and Results. Yeast Peptone Dextrose medium (YPD), Yeast Nitrogen Base medium (YNB), M199 medium, Spider medium, RPMI 1640 medium, Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB), and Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) were used to culture combined mixed Candida strains and mixed bacterial-fungal compositions on silicone over the period of 22 days. The biofilm surface spread and the microscopic growth showed variations from in vivo biofilms depending on the microbial composition and growth medium. Conclusion. YPD and FBS prove to support continuous in vitro growth of mixed bacterial-fungal oropharyngeal biofilms deposits over weeks as needed for longterm in vitro testing with oropharyngeal biofilm compositions. Significance and Impact of Study. The study provides data on culture conditions for mixed multispecies biofilm compositions that can be used for future prosthesis designs.

scholarly journals Polyphenols Inhibit Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosi Farkash ◽  
Mark Feldman ◽  
Isaac Ginsburg ◽  
Doron Steinberg ◽  
Miriam Shalish
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Confocal Scanning ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser ◽  
Biofilm Development

Background: Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) are two major contributors to dental caries. They have a symbiotic relationship, allowing them to create an enhanced biofilm. Our goal was to examine whether two natural polyphenols (Padma hepaten (PH) and a polyphenol extraction from green tea (PPFGT)) could inhibit the caries-inducing properties of S. mutans and C. albicans. Methods: Co-species biofilms of S. mutans and C. albicans were grown in the presence of PH and PPFGT. Biofilm formation was tested spectrophotometrically. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) secretion was quantified using confocal scanning laser microscopy. Biofilm development was also tested on orthodontic surfaces (Essix) to assess biofilm inhibition ability on such an orthodontic appliance. Results: PPFGT and PH dose-dependently inhibited biofilm formation without affecting the planktonic growth. We found a significant reduction in biofilm total biomass using 0.625 mg/mL PPFGT and 0.16 mg/mL PH. A concentration of 0.31 mg/mL PPFGT and 0.16 mg/mL PH inhibited the total cell growth by 54% and EPS secretion by 81%. A reduction in biofilm formation and EPS secretion was also observed on orthodontic PVC surfaces. Conclusions: The polyphenolic extractions PPFGT and PH have an inhibitory effect on S. mutans and C. albicans biofilm formation and EPS secretion.

scholarly journals Effect of trans-Cinnamaldehyde on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation: Metabolic Activity Assessment and Analysis of the Biofilm-Associated Genes Expression

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Kot ◽  
Hubert Sytykiewicz ◽  
Iwona Sprawka ◽  
Małgorzata Witeska
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Fibrinogen Binding ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Laminin Binding Protein

The effects of trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) on transcriptional profiles of biofilm-associated genes and the metabolic activity of two methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains showing a different degree of adherence to polystyrene, were evaluated. Metabolic activity of S. aureus in biofilm was significantly decreased in the presence of TC at 1/2 minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC). Expression levels of the genes encoding laminin binding protein (eno), elastin binding protein (ebps) and fibrinogen binding protein (fib) in the presence of TC at 1/2 MBIC were lower than in untreated biofilm in both the weakly and strongly adhering strain. The highest decrease of expression level was observed in case of fib in the strongly adhering strain, in which the amount of fib transcript was 10-fold lower compared to biofilm without TC. In the presence of TC at 1/2 MBIC after 3, 6, 8 and 12 h, the expression level of icaA and icaD, that are involved in the biosynthesis of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin, was above half lower in the weakly adhering strain compared to biofilm without TC. In the strongly adhering strain the highest decrease in expression of these genes was observed after 3 and 6 h. This study showed that TC is a promising anti-biofilm agent for use in MRSA biofilm-related infections.

scholarly journals Modification of Surface Properties of Biomaterials Influences the Ability of Candida albicans To Form Biofilms

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 8795-8801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyotsna Chandra ◽  
Jasmine D. Patel ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Guangyin Zhou ◽  
Pranab K. Mukherjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Confocal Scanning ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser ◽  
Viable Approach

ABSTRACT Candida albicans biofilms form on indwelling medical devices (e.g., denture acrylic or intravenous catheters) and are associated with both oral and invasive candidiasis. Here, we determined whether surface modifications of polyetherurethane (Elasthane 80A [E80A]), polycarbonateurethane, and poly(ethyleneterephthalate) (PET) can influence fungal biofilm formation. Polyurethanes were modified by adding 6% polyethylene oxide (6PEO), 6% fluorocarbon, or silicone, while the PET surface was modified to generate hydrophilic, hydrophobic, cationic, or anionic surfaces. Formation of biofilm was quantified by determining metabolic activity and total biomass (dry weight), while its architecture was analyzed by confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). The metabolic activity of biofilm formed by C. albicans on 6PEO-E80A was significantly reduced (by 78%) compared to that of biofilm formed on the nonmodified E80A (optical densities of 0.054 ± 0.020 and 0.24 ± 0.10, respectively; P = 0.037). The total biomass of Candida biofilm formed on 6PEO-E80A was 74% lower than that on the nonmodified E80A surface (0.46 ± 0.15 versus 1.76 ± 0.32 mg, respectively; P = 0.003). Fungal cells were easily detached from the 6PEO-E80A surface, and we were unable to detect C. albicans biofilm on this surface by CSLM. All other surface modifications allowed formation of C. albicans biofilm, with some differences in thearchitecture. Correlation between contact angle and biofilm formation was observed for polyetherurethane substrates (r = 0.88) but not for PET biomaterials (r = −0.40). This study illustrates that surface modification is a viable approach for identifying surfaces that have antibiofilm characteristics. Investigations into the clinical utility of the identified surfaces are warranted.

scholarly journals Reversible fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans: a potential in vitro model.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
H M Calvet ◽  
M R Yeaman ◽  
S G Filler
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Serial Passage ◽  
Yeast Nitrogen Base ◽  
Nitrogen Base ◽  
Fluconazole Resistance ◽  
Karyotypic Analysis

To study the development and potential mechanisms of antifungal resistance in relation to antifungal exposure, reversible fluconazole resistance was examined in vitro. Candida albicans ATCC 36082 blastospores were passed in liquid yeast nitrogen base medium containing either 4, 8, 16, or 128 micrograms of fluconazole per ml, and susceptibility testing was performed after each passage. High-level fluconazole resistance (50% inhibitory concentration, > 256 micrograms/ml) developed in the isolates after serial passage in medium containing 8, 16, or 128 micrograms of fluconazole per ml, but not in isolates passed in 4 micrograms of fluconazole per ml. Reduced susceptibility was noted within four to seven passages, which was equivalent to 14 to 19 days of exposure to the drug. However, all isolates returned to the susceptible phenotype after 8 to 15 passages in medium lacking the drug; thus, fluconazole resistance was reversible in vitro. In vivo, organisms retained the resistant phenotype after a single passage in the rabbit model of infective endocarditis. Restriction digest profiles and karyotypic analysis of the parent strain and selected fluconazole-resistant and -susceptible isolates from each group were identical. Investigations into the molecular mechanisms of this reversible resistance failed to reveal increased accumulation of mRNA for 14 alpha-demethylase, the target enzyme for fluconazole, or for the candidal multidrug transporters CDR1 and BENr. This process of continuous in vitro exposure to antifungal drug may be useful as a model for studying the effects of different antifungal agents and dosing regimens on the development of resistance and for defining the mechanism(s) of reversible resistance.

Delivery of Amphotericin B to Candida albicans by Using Biomachined Lab-on-a-Chip

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hanif Nadhif ◽  
Yudan Whulanza ◽  
Jos Istiyanto ◽  
Boy M. Bachtiar
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Lab On A Chip ◽  
Yeast Nitrogen Base ◽  
Mold Surface ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Polydimethyl Siloxane ◽  
Nitrogen Base

This paper investigates the ability of biomachined lab-on-a-chip (LoC) to perform drug testing of Amphotericin B to the Candida albicans. The chip is made of polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS). Molds are patterned using CNC milling followed by biomachining. CNC milling process creates channel features on the bottom mold, while biomachining forms rough surface on the channels. After the molds are created, LoC can be manufactured using those molds. Hence, contour surface on LoC’s channels is also realized following the mold surface. Later, Candida albicans is seeded on the LoC’s channels for 24 and 48 hours with the continuous flow of Yeast Nitrogen Base (YNB) Sterile. Then, cell viability is tested using 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT).The result shows that C. albicans could adhere and grow in the LoC channels. Based on this result, drug testing is conducted in the presence and absence of Amphotericin B (Amp B) under two schemes: without (static) and with (dynamic) the continuous flow of YNB Sterile and Amp B. After 48 hour incubation period, C. albicans biofilm of 28.72 % is shown during dynamic scheme, whereas static scheme had C. albicans biofilm of 99.32 % indicating that the dynamic scheme provides a better efficacy compared to the static scheme.

Screening and antimicrobial activity of actinomycetes isolated from the rhizosphere of Clitoria ternatea

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vemavarapu Bhaskara Rao ◽  
Kandlagunta Guru Prasad ◽  
Krishna Naragani ◽  
Vijayalakshmi Muvva
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Antimicrobial Spectrum ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Primary Screening

The air dried rhizosphere soil samples pretreated with calcium carbonate was employed for the isolation of actinomycete strains. Serial dilution plate technique was used for the isolation of actinomycetes. A total of 20 actinomycete strains designated as BS1-BS20 were isolated from the rhizosphere of medicinal plant Clitoria ternatea. All the 20 strains were subjected to primary screening for antimicrobial activity. Among the 20 strains screened, 10 strains exhibited high antimicrobial spectrum against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans.

The In vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Quercus robur L. Methanolic and Aqueous Leaves’ Extracts, from the Algerian High Plateaus Against some Uropathogenic Microbial Strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 262-274
Author(s):  
E. Benyagoub ◽  
N. Nabbou ◽  
S. Boukhalkhel ◽  
I. Dehini
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Fusidic Acid ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Microbial Strains

The medicinal value of the plants is due to their chemical components that bring a definite physiological action on the human body to prevent the diseases. In this work, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of leaves’ extracts of Quercus robur L., collected from the Algerian upper highlands, on ten bacterial strains and one fungal strain known to be pathogenic. First, we performed a qualitative phytochemical analysis, and second, antimicrobial activity tests performed by agar diffusion method (disc and well) with the determination of MIC by broth macro-dilution method. Given the results, it appears that obtained macerates of Quercus robur L. were rich in bioactive phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, anthraquinones, saponins, tannins, and other components. The yield of aqueous and methanolic macerates of leaves was 8.5 ± 1.41 and 22.4 ± 4.36%, respectively. The bacterial resistance was relatively important to several antibiotics, namely, ampicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid for strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. However, Staphylococcus aureus strains were resistant to fusidic acid, penicillin, and oxacillin; while Enterococcus faecalis was resistant to fusidic acid, penicillin, oxacillin, and ticarcillin. The antibacterial activity of the macerates toward tested microbial strains showed that the aqueous and methanolic macerates of the leaves were proportional to the tested concentration and active not only against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but also on the fungal species Candida albicans. The estimated MIC for Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus was in the order of 10 mg/mL, which seems more effective than toward Salmonella sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans which were in the order of 30 mg/mL. These preliminary results confirm that the part of the studied plant had a very good antimicrobial activity that was proportional to the serial concentrations of the tested extracts.

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