scholarly journals Effect of Poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid) on the Fire Resistance and Anti-Aging Properties of Transparent Flame-Retardant Hydrogel Applied in Fireproof Glass

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3668
Author(s):  
Feiyue Wang ◽  
Mengtao Cai ◽  
Long Yan
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Heat Insulation ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Aging Properties ◽  
Poly Acrylamide

Poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid) (P(AM-co-AA)) was synthesized via the copolymerization of acrylamide and acrylic acid and well characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Afterward, the obtained P(AM-co-AA) was blended with flame retardants to prepare transparent flame-retardant hydrogel applied in the fireproof glass. The influence of poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid) on fire resistance and anti-aging properties of the transparent flame-retardant hydrogels were studied by assorted analysis methods. The optical transparency analysis shows that the light transmittance of the transparent flame-retardant hydrogel gradually decreases with the decreasing mass ratio of acrylamide to acrylic acid in P(AM-co-AA). Heat insulation testing shows that the heat insulation performance of fireproof glass applying the transparent flame-retardant hydrogel firstly decreases and then increases with decreasing mass ratio of acrylamide to acrylic acid in P(AM-co-AA). When the mass ratio of acrylamide to acrylic acid is 1:2, the obtained P(AM-co-AA) endows the resulting flame-retardant hydrogel applied in fireproof glass with the lowest light transmittance of 81.3% and lowest backside temperature of 131.4 °C at 60 min among the samples, which is attributed to the formation of a more dense and expanded char to prevent the heat transfer during combustion, as supported by the digital photos of char residues. The results of TG analysis indicate that P(AM-co-AA) imparts high thermal stability to the resulting hydrogels due to the hydrogen bonds between carboxyl and amide groups. The accelerated aging test shows that the transparent flame-retardant hydrogel containing P(AM-co-AA) is less affected by aging conditions. Especially, when the mass ratio of acrylamide to acrylic acid in P(AM-co-AA) is 4:1, the resulting transparent flame-retardant hydrogel shows a light transmittance of 82.9% and backside temperature of 173.1 °C at 60 min after 7 aging cycles, exhibiting the best comprehensive properties among the samples.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of Mica, Glass Frit and Melamine Cyanurate for Improving Fire Resistance of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Composites Destined for Ceramizable Coatings

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Imiela ◽  
Rafał Anyszka ◽  
Dariusz Bieliński ◽  
Magdalena Lipińska ◽  
Przemysław Rybiński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Glass Frit ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Melamine Cyanurate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Synergistic effect of different fillers is widely utilized in polymer technology. The combination of various types of fillers is used to improve various properties of polymer composites. In this paper a synergistic effect of flame retardants was tested for the improvement of ceramizable composites performance. The composites were based of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) used as polymer matrix. Three different types of flame retardants were tested for synergistic effect: Mica (phlogopite) high aspect-ratio platelets along with low softening point temperature glass frit (featuring ceramization effect) and melamine cyanurate, a commonly used flame retardant promoting carbonaceous char. In order to characterize the properties of the composites, combustibility, viscoelastic properties and mechanical properties before and after ceramization were tested. The results obtained show that the synergistic effect of ceramization promoting fillers and melamine cyanurate is especially visible with respect to the flame retardant properties resulting in a significant improvement of fire resistance of the composites.

The effect of fire protection means on the intensity of heating and features of charring of wooden structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 50-64
Author(s):  
I. O. Fedotov ◽  
◽  
A. B. Sivenkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Muffle Furnace ◽  
Wooden Structures

Introduction. Over the past decades, the sphere of wooden house construction has been undergoing revolutionary changes in relation to the development of large-scale construction using wood-based structures. In this regard, one of the first places is the direction associated with ensuring the fire-safe use of such structures in the construction of buildings and structures of various functional purposes. An important sector of this direction is various types and methods of fire protection for wood, materials and structures based on it. The lack of systematic research on these issues hinders the development of effective technical solutions for fire protection of wooden structures. Goals and objectives. Identification of priority areas for research in the field of fire protection of wood, materials and structures based on it. Development of effective flame retardants that can have an impact on reducing fire danger and increasing the fire resistance of wooden structures. Determination of the influence of various flame retardants on the intensity of the process of heating and charring of elements of wooden structures in conditions of fire exposure (fire). Methods. A standard muffle furnace of the SNOL type was used as a test installation with the possibility of one-sided radiation thermal effect on the sample surface and a uniform temperature increase in the furnace up to 1200 С. The muffle furnace was upgraded taking into account the horizontal fixing of the sample on the outer panel of the furnace. To measure the temperature by the thickness of the sample, a set of thermoelectric converters of type K (chromel-kopel) with a junction diameter of 0,8 mm was used. Results and their discussion. Based on the results of theoretical and experimental studies, the main directions of research on the possibility of using various methods and types of fire protection to achieve the required fire hazard characteristics and fire resistance of wooden structures were determined. During the study, the analysis of such characteristics of charring as the rate of charring, the thickness of the charred layer was carried out. Conclusion. The research results show the possibility of certain classes of flame retardants, intumescent and heat-protective materials not only to influence the intensity of the process of charring wood, but also to affect the properties and structure of the charred layer, as well as the intensity of heating of the inner layers of wooden structures. Key words: fire resistance, fire resistance limit, fire hazard, charring, heating intensity, flame retardant efficiency, wood, wooden structures, flame retardant coatings, flame retardants.

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE STEEL TUBE CONFINEMENT CONCRETE PILLARS PROTECTION BY FIRE-RETARDANT MATERIALS

Fire Safety ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
M. Semerak ◽  
D. Kharyshyn ◽  
N. Ferents ◽  
T. Berezhanskyi
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Rapid Heating ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Concrete Columns ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Mineral Wool ◽  
Concrete Core

Currently, in Ukraine and abroad for the construction of high-rise buildings and structures using pipe-like structures. Wide application of pipe concrete columns is due to their high carrying capacity at relatively smaller overall dimensions due to the blocking of cracking in concrete by a steel clasp. The advantages of concrete columns should include more simplified conditions of technology of manufacturing and installation on their basis of bearing structures of floor covering. Piping constructions consist of steel shells and concrete core. Since the steel pipe mainly provides the bearing capacity of the concrete column, its failure or reduction of stiffness, which is characteristic of the fire under the influence of its thermal factors, leads to destruction. Investigation of fire resistance of concrete structures, which are not protected by flame retardant coatings, showed that a steel clasp during a fire after 15 minutes is heated to a critical temperature of 500 ° C.The use of flame retardant coatings is an effective method of fire protection of concrete constructions, which prevents the rapid heating of steel welds and provides a normalized fire resistance limit for such structures. In this work, studies were carried out on the effectiveness of fire protection of concrete columns with different types of fire-retardant materials - mineral wool slabs, special flame retardants and flame-retardant coatings. For fire protection mineral wool materials were used ROCKWOOL plates of the series "Conlit SL150". Mineral wool plates "Conlit SL 150" consist of fibers of rocks of a basalt group, they can withstand, without melting, temperature more than 1000 ° С. The silica-based adhesive "Conlit Glue" can withstand temperatures above 900 ° C, has good adhesion when bonding Conlit SL 150 mineral wool slabs with protective structures. From the second type of fire-retardant materials, the fire-proof composition "Naktresk" was chosen on the basis of gypsum. The coating is formed in the process due to hardening of the mixture on protected surfaces. The third type of flame retardant materials is the flame-retardant intumessent coating "Pyro-Safe Flammoplast SP-A2".It has been established that with the use of fire protection systems on the basis of mineral wool plates "Conlit SL150" and fire retardant "Nutresc", the fire resistance class of reinforced concrete columns increases from R 15 to R 180. The fire protection system on the basis of the painted paint "Pyro-Safe Flammoplast SP-A2" »Increases fire resistance from R 15 to R 75

Influence of Flame Retardant on Leather Fatliquoring and Fire Resistance

2012 ◽  
Vol 487 ◽  
pp. 748-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao Rong Duan ◽  
Quan Jie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Synthetic Oil ◽  
Commercial Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Commercial nitrogen-phosphorus flame retardants (KZR-2, SC-968, FR-102), which are frequently used in textile industry, were imposed on the fatliquoring processes of leather. When 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12﹪and 15﹪ amount of flame retardants was respectively added, their influence on the absorption rate of different fatliquoring agents (synthetic oil, fish oil, vegetable oil and lecithin) and on the flame retardant property were investigated. The absorption rate of fat-liquoring agents was measured by oven and dichloromethane methods. The fire resistance was studied by means of oxygen index, vertical combustion and smoke density. The results show that flame retardants (KZR-2, SC-968 and FR-102) can enhance the absorption rate of fat-liquoring agents in leather by more than 40%. Their ability for this enhancement can be listed as KZR-2>SC-968>FR-102. Among them, KZR-2 owns the best performance for the enhancing of absorption rate ( its influence on the oil is listed as synthetic oil>fish oil>lecithin>vegetable oil).

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of Mica, Glass Frit, and Melamine Cyanurate for Improving Fire Resistance of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Composites Destined for Ceramizable Coatings

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Imiela ◽  
Rafał Anyszka ◽  
Dariusz Bieliński ◽  
Magdalena Lipińska ◽  
Przemysław Rybiński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Glass Frit ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Melamine Cyanurate ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Synergistic effects of different fillers are widely utilized in polymer technology. The combination of various types of fillers is used to improve various properties of polymer composites. In this paper, a synergistic effect of flame retardants was tested to improve the performance of ceramizable composites. The composites were based of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) used as polymer matrix. Three different types of flame retardants were tested for synergistic effect: Mica (phlogopite) high aspect-ratio platelets, along with low softening point temperature glass frit (featuring ceramization effect), and melamine cyanurate, a commonly used flame retardant promoting carbonaceous char. In order to characterize the properties of the composites, combustibility, thermal stability, viscoelastic properties, micromorphology, and mechanical properties were tested before and after ceramization. The results obtained show that the synergistic effect of ceramization promoting fillers and melamine cyanurate was especially visible with respect to the flame retardant properties resulting in a significant improvement of fire resistance of the composites.

scholarly journals Viscoelastic Polyurethane Foam with Keratin and Flame-Retardant Additives

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1380
Author(s):  
Krystyna Wrześniewska-Tosik ◽  
Joanna Ryszkowska ◽  
Tomasz Mik ◽  
Ewa Wesołowska ◽  
Tomasz Kowalewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Burning Behavior ◽  
Keratin Fibers ◽  
Scanning Electron

Viscoelastic polyurethane (VEPUR) foams with increased thermal resistance are presented in this article. VEPUR foams were manufactured with the use of various types of flame retardant additives and keratin fibers. The structure of the modified foams was determined by spectrophotometric-(FTIR), thermal-(DSC), and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses as well as by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We also assessed the fire resistance, hardness, and comfort coefficient (SAG factor). It was found that the use of keratin filler and flame retardant additives changed the foams’ structure and properties as well as their burning behavior. The highest fire resistance was achieved for foams containing keratin and expanding graphite, for which the reduction in heat release rate (HRR) compared to VEPUR foams reached 75%.

scholarly journals Polymer Composites Filled with Metal Derivatives: A Review of Flame Retardants

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1701
Author(s):  
R. A. Ilyas ◽  
S. M. Sapuan ◽  
M. R. M. Asyraf ◽  
D. A. Z. N. Dayana ◽  
J. J. N. Amelia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Metal Particles ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Flame Resistance ◽  
Metal Derivatives ◽  
Resistance Performance

Polymer composites filled with metal derivatives have been widely used in recent years, particularly as flame retardants, due to their superior characteristics, including high thermal behavior, low environmental degradation, and good fire resistance. The hybridization of metal and polymer composites produces various favorable properties, making them ideal materials for various advanced applications. The fire resistance performance of polymer composites can be enhanced by increasing the combustion capability of composite materials through the inclusion of metallic fireproof materials to protect the composites. The final properties of the metal-filled thermoplastic composites depend on several factors, including pore shape and distribution and morphology of metal particles. For example, fire safety equipment uses polyester thermoplastic and antimony sources with halogenated additives. The use of metals as additives in composites has captured the attention of researchers worldwide due to safety concern in consideration of people’s life and public properties. This review establishes the state-of-art flame resistance properties of metals/polymer composites for numerous industrial applications.

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