Fe2+ and UV Catalytically Enhanced Ozonation of Selected Environmentally Persistent Antibiotics

The aim of the study was to determine oxidation potential of selected persistent, environmentally relevant antibiotics (Amoxicillin, Levofloxacin, and their mixture with Vancomycin) to reduce their environmental emissions. Ozonation (O3) and indirect ozonation at pH 9.5 (O3/pH9.5) were catalytically enhanced by addition of Fe2+ (O3/Fe2+) and photocatalytic ozonation in combination with Fe2+ and UV-A black light (O3/Fe2+/UV) at two temperatures using total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) to identify formation of by-products. Oxidative degradation followed pseudo-first order consecutive reactions. Initial phase of oxidation was more intensive than mineralisation at 21 and 40 °C: up to 57.3% and 69.2%, respectively. After 120 min mineralization at 21 °C was up to 64.9% while at 40 °C it was up to 84.6%. Oxidation reached up to 86.6% and 93.4% at 21 °C and 40 °C, respectively. The most efficient processes were indirect ozonation at pH 9.5 (O3/pH9.5) (up to 93.4%) and photocatalytic enhanced ozonation with Fe2+ and UV-A black light (O3/Fe2+/UV) (up to 89.8%). The lowest efficiency was determined in experiments with direct ozonation (up to 75.5%). Amoxicillin was the only one completely mineralised. Study confirmed that ozonation with addition of Fe2+ and UV radiation has the potential to improve efficiency of the antibiotic-removal processes. Further experiments varying amounts of Fe2+ and other experimental conditions should be accomplished to set up more general methodological approach for reduction of antibiotics emissions.

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Kinetic degradation of guar gum in oilfield wastewater by photo-Fenton process

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2016.470 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 11-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shunwu Wang ◽

Ziwang Li ◽

Qinglong Yu

Keyword(s):

Guar Gum ◽

Oxidative Degradation ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Cod Removal ◽

Fenton Process ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

Initial Ph ◽

Main Component ◽

The Cost

Guar gum is considered as a main component of oilfield wastewater. This work is intended to optimize the experimental conditions (H2O2 dosage, Fe2+ dosage, initial concentration of organics, initial pH and temperature) for the maximum oxidative degradation of guar gum by Fenton's reagent. The kinetics of guar gum removal were evaluated by means of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the absorbance measurements. The batch experiment results showed that the optimum conditions were: H2O2 dosage, 10,000 mg/L; Fe2+dosage, 2,000 mg/L; initial concentration of organics, 413 mg/L; pH, 3 and temperature, 35 °C, under which the COD removal could reach 61.07% and fairly good stability could be obtained. Under the optimum experimental conditions, using UV irradiation to treat the wastewater, the photo-Fenton systems can successfully eliminate COD from guar gum solution. The COD removal always obeyed a pseudo-first-order kinetics and the degradation rate (kapp) was increased by 25.7% in the photo-Fenton process compared to the Fenton process. The photo-Fenton system needed less time and consequently less quantity of H2O2 to obtain the same results as the Fenton process. The photo-Fenton process needs a dose of H2O2 20.46% lower than that used in the Fenton process to remove 79.54% of COD. The cost of the photo/Fenton process amounted to RMB9.43/m3, which was lower than that of the classic Fenton process alone (RMB10.58/m3) and the overall water quality of the final effluent could meet the class Ι national wastewater discharge standard for the petrochemical industry of China.

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Pilot-scale experiments on a hybrid membrane-electrocoagulation system to produced water treatment in a domestic oil reservoir

Water Practice & Technology ◽

10.2166/wpt.2020.114 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yousef Dehghani ◽

Bizhan Honarvar ◽

Amin Azdarpour ◽

Moein Nabipour

Keyword(s):

Electric Current ◽

Produced Water ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Treatment System ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Oil And Grease ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Set Up ◽

Offshore Oil

Abstract The goal of this paper is to design and set up a new hybrid treatment system for purification of Iranian offshore oil company wastewater. The treatment system consists of electrocoagulation, microfiltration and reverse osmosis (RO) sections. Treatment performance is evaluated by measuring electrical conductivity (EC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total suspended solids (TSS), total dispersed solid (TDS) oil and grease (O&G), total hardness (TH) and turbidity. Results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of BOD5, COD, TSS, O&G, EC, TH and turbidity were obtained as 94.49%, 92.17%, 88.18%, 80.8%, 89.84%, 86.66% and 71.72%, respectively. DO was increased significantly due to the reduction of BOD, COD and microorganisms. Results showed that the combination of iron and aluminium electrodes can be very effective in removing pollutants. In addition, the use of microfiltration before RO led to a significant reduction in salinity and TDS. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimal experimental conditions for COD, BOD5 and turbidity using Design Expert11. RSM results showed that the optimal electric current and time for BOD5 and COD removal is 20A and 300 min, respectively. The optimal electric current and time for turbidity were obtained as 20A and 210 min.

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Assessment of Self-Heating Susceptibility of Indian Coal Seams – A Neural Network Approach

Archives of Mining Sciences ◽

10.2478/amsc-2014-0073 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 1061-1076 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

D.C. Panigrahi ◽

S.K. Ray

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Spontaneous Combustion ◽

Potential Method ◽

Oxidation Potential ◽

Wet Oxidation ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Neural Network Approach ◽

Indian Coal ◽

Petrographic Analyses ◽

Artificial Neural Network Ann

Abstract The paper addresses an electro-chemical method called wet oxidation potential technique for determining the susceptibility of coal to spontaneous combustion. Altogether 78 coal samples collected from thirteen different mining companies spreading over most of the Indian Coalfields have been used for this experimental investigation and 936 experiments have been carried out by varying different experimental conditions to standardize this method for wider application. Thus for a particular sample 12 experiments of wet oxidation potential method were carried out. The results of wet oxidation potential (WOP) method have been correlated with the intrinsic properties of coal by carrying out proximate, ultimate and petrographic analyses of the coal samples. Correlation studies have been carried out with Design Expert 7.0.0 software. Further, artificial neural network (ANN) analysis was performed to ensure best combination of experimental conditions to be used for obtaining optimum results in this method. All the above mentioned analysis clearly spelt out that the experimental conditions should be 0.2 N KMnO4 solution with 1 N KOH at 45°C to achieve optimum results for finding out the susceptibility of coal to spontaneous combustion. The results have been validated with Crossing Point Temperature (CPT) data which is widely used in Indian mining scenario.

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Doctrine and Dialectic in Plato’s Dialogues

10.1093/oso/9780198798446.003.0002 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Rachana Kamtekar

Keyword(s):

Methodological Approach ◽

The Other ◽

Set Up

Chapter 1 lays out the methodological approach employed throughout the book, which is to pay attention to the dialectical dependence of what the main speaker in the dialogue says on the intellectual problem(s) set up in the dialogue both by himself and the other speakers. To illustrate, Chapter 1 describes Socrates’ use of the method of hypotheses from the Meno and Phaedo to answer questions that go beyond his claims to knowledge in the Republic.

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Oxidative degradation of gentamicin present in water by an electro-Fenton process and biodegradability improvement

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2019-0110 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 1017-1025

Author(s):

Mohamed Réda Arhoutane ◽

Muna Shueai Yahya ◽

Miloud El Karbane ◽

Kacem El Kacemi

Keyword(s):

Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽

Biological Process ◽

Oxidative Degradation ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Polluted Water ◽

Applied Current ◽

Pseudo First Order Reaction ◽

First Order ◽

Appropriate Treatment ◽

By Products

AbstractIn the context of environmental protection, where there is a need to develop effective operations for carrying out appropriate treatment of polluted water by pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the present study aims at evaluating the degradation for gentamicin through electro-Fenton (EF) operation, through taking into consideration the effect of several parameters of experimental in the process, namely, the concentration of initial gentamicin, the applied current and the Fe+2 (II) quantities. The (EF) operation employed involves a carbon-felt as cathode and platinum as anode at pH 3. Studies for the gentamicin kinetics is monitored by HPLC giving a pseudo-first order reaction following by a chemical oxygen demand, with a reached degree of mineralization 96% after of four hours of treatment through current 100 mA/cm2 with 0.1 mM of Fe+2. We find that the degradation for molecule of gentamicin is accompanied by an augmentation of the biodegradability, assesse through the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) on chemical oxygen demand (COD) ratio, that augmentation from 0 to 0.41 before treatment after 30 min for EF treatment, showing that there is potential for conjugation of the EF process and the biological process. Furthermore, the by-products have been identified on the basis of HPLC-MS/MS results.

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Study on Chromaticity Removal from Mineral Processing Wastewater with Salicylic Hydroxamic Acid by Granular Activated Carbon Catalyzed Ozonation

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11040359 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 359

Author(s):

Liping Zhang ◽

Shengnian Wu ◽

Nan Zhang ◽

Ruihan Yao ◽

Eryong Wu

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Hydroxamic Acid ◽

Ph Value ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Granular Activated Carbon ◽

Mineral Processing ◽

Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrum ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Removal Ratio

Salicylic hydroxamic acid is a novel flotation reagent used in mineral processing. However, it impacts the flotation wastewater leaving behind high chromaticity which limits its reuse and affects discharge for mining enterprises. This study researched ozonation catalyzed by the granular activated carbon (GAC) method to treat the chromaticity of the simulated mineral processing wastewater with salicylic hydroxamic acid. The effects of pH value, ozone (O3) concentration, GAC dosage, and reaction time on chromaticity and chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) removal were discussed. The results of individual ozonation experiments showed that the chromaticity removal ratio reached 79% and the effluent chromaticity exceeded the requirement of reuse and discharge when the optimal experimental conditions were pH value 3, ozone concentration 6 mg/L, and reaction time 40 min. The orthogonal experimental results of catalytic ozonation with GAC on chromaticity removal explained that the chromaticity removal ratio could reach 96.36% and the chromaticity of effluent was only 20 when the optimal level of experimental parameters was pH value 2.87, O3 concentration 6 mg/L, GAC dosage 0.06 g/L, reaction time 60 min respectively. The degradation pathway of salicylic hydroxamic acid by ozonation was also considered based on an analysis with ultraviolet absorption spectrum and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

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Simultaneous photochemical generation of ozone in the gas phase and photolysis of aqueous reaction systems using one VUV light source

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1997.0081 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 41-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

T.M. Hashem ◽

M. Zirlewagen ◽

A. M. Braun

Keyword(s):

Gas Phase ◽

Light Source ◽

Organic Pollutants ◽

Vacuum Ultraviolet ◽

Oxidative Degradation ◽

Reaction System ◽

Photochemical Reactions ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Photochemical Generation ◽

Kinetics Of

A more efficient use of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation produced by an immersed Xe-excimer light source (172 nm) was investigated for the oxidative degradation of organic pollutants in aqueous systems. All emitted VUV radiation from one light source was used in two simultaneous but separate photochemical reactions: (1) photochemical generation of ozone by irradiating oxygen in the gas phase and (2) photolysis of the aqueous reaction system. The gas stream containing the generated ozone is sparged into the reaction system, thus enhancing the oxidative degradation of organic pollutants. The photochemically generated ozone in the gas phase was quantitatively analyzed, and the kinetics of the degradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were determined under different experimental conditions. The results show that the rates of degradation of the substrate and of the DOC decrease in the order of the applied processes, VUV/O3 > O3 > VUV.

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Treatment of real paracetamol wastewater by fenton process

Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly ◽

10.2298/ciceq150831029d ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 177-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Gamze Dalgic ◽

Ilter Turkdogan ◽

Kaan Yetilmezsoy ◽

Emel Kocak

Keyword(s):

Pharmaceutical Industry ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Biological Oxygen Demand ◽

Fenton Process ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Mass Distributions ◽

Amino Phenol

The study investigated the pretreatment of real paracetamol (PCT) wastewater of a pharmaceutical industry by Fenton process. At the best experimental conditions (COD/H2O2 = 1/1, Fe+2/H2O2 = 1/70, settling method:centrifuging, pH 6 at settling step), 92.7, 92.7, 95.5, 99.1, 99.9 and 99.4% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5), PCT, para-amino phenol (PAP) and aniline were removed, respectively. Changes in the concentrations of these parameters were also investigated for both oxidation and settling steps of Fenton process. It was found that COD and TOC were removed at the settling step (precipitation) whereas PCT, PAP and aniline were removed at the oxidation step. Mass balance calculations were also studied to show the mass distributions of COD in different phases (gas + foam, effluent and sludge). Fenton process was found as an effective method for the pretreatment of real PCT wastewater for discharging in a determined collective treatment plant.

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Strategies for Creating Technology Businesses by Serial Entrepreneurs as a Source of New Industrialization

SHS Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/shsconf/20219301023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 93 ◽

pp. 01023

Author(s):

Pavel Glukhikh ◽

Alla Golovina

Keyword(s):

Empirical Data ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Total Efficiency ◽

Topical Issue ◽

Technology Entrepreneurship ◽

Dominant Strategies ◽

Serial Entrepreneurs ◽

Set Up ◽

Promising Source ◽

New Industrialization

The demand for new industrialization makes the lack of innovation in Russia a topical issue. Serial entrepreneurs are a promising source of innovation. Basing on empirical data (SPARK database), we considered the hypothesis that mass strategies for establishing a technology business are less effective. The aim of the article is to develop a theoretical and methodological approach to serial technology entrepreneurship as a source of new industrialization. The authors identified 4 dominant strategies used by serial entrepreneurs to set up technology businesses. The necessity of a new term "serial potential" of an entrepreneur is substantiated. The research novelty refers to the development of the methodological approach "The Effect of serial technology entrepreneur", which allows evaluating the performance of serial technology entrepreneurs in setting up technology companies. It has been found that the strategy "From services in technology field to production" is the most advantageous in terms of total efficiency for new industrialization.

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Effect of Process Parameters on the Adsorption of Chromium VI on a Packed Bed Column (PBC) using Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides)

Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment ◽

10.25303/2512rjce5359 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (12) ◽

pp. 53-59

Author(s):

Pejavara Narayana Gururaj ◽

Kulathooran Ramalakshmi ◽

Sureshkumar Sujithra ◽

Ravichandran Shalini

Keyword(s):

Process Parameters ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Packed Bed ◽

Heating Process ◽

Tannery Effluent ◽

Vetiveria Zizanioides ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Heated Sample ◽

Packed Bed Column ◽

Chromium Vi

The objective of this study is to evaluate the different process parameters on adsorption of chromium VI on a packed bed column using Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides) and to examine the effect of pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) at a constant contact time of 10 minutes at a temperature of 40 ºC under two experimental conditions namely, tannery effluent with and without microwave treatment. The results revealed that microwave heating process had a higher impact on chromium (VI) adsorption than normal heating process. The pH values of microwave treated sample were found to be 6.65±0.65 when compared to normal heated sample where the pH was 4.62±0.72 when compared to the initial pH of effluent found to be 3.47±0.58. Further, a threefold reduction in BOD and COD values was observed in microwave treated vetiver sample which was around 86.73±1.43 and 107.90±2.82 mg/l respectively when compared to normal heated sample (250±1.45 and 200±2.65 mg/l respectively) and untreated effluent (780±2.53 and 920±3.86 mg/l respectively) which indicated the reduction of chromium VI present in the effluent water. It was also observed that the metal adsorption capacity of the vetiver powder and the adsorption characteristics were positively correlated with the FTIR and SEM analysis which confirmed the presence of chromium (VI) on the surface of vetiver.

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