Anti-Smog Building and Civil Engineering Structures

Currently, people worldwide, in the period from September to April, observe with their own eyes and feel the pollution of the air, called smog, in their own breath. The biggest cause of smog and the source of air pollution is burning rubbish in stoves. Other causes include exhaust fumes from large factories, burning coal in furnaces, and car exhaust fumes. Smog is an unnatural phenomenon, directly related to human activity. The weather is becoming worse. On no-wind, foggy days, the smog phenomenon is the most troublesome for city dwellers. Smog persists in European countries from November to April, during the heating season. The harmful effect of smog affects almost the entire human body. Every year, air pollution causes the death of approximately 26,000–48,000 people. At the same time, poor air quality reduces life expectancy by up to a year. The purpose of this article is to present buildings and finishing elements that can help in the fight against air pollution.

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Case Study on Anthropogenic Air Pollution in Nagpur City

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology ◽

10.22214/ijraset.2021.34082 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (VI) ◽

pp. 2279-2282

Author(s):

Mukul Dayaramani

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Central India ◽

Well Being ◽

Good Health ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Corporate Community ◽

Health And Well Being

Air pollution is a very serious problem worldwide. Anthropogenic air pollution is mostly related to the combustion of various types of fuels. Air pollutant levels remain too high and air quality problems are still not solved. The presence of pollutants in the air has a harmful effect on the human health and the environment. Good air quality is a prerequisite for our good health and well-being. Nagpur city is located in Maharashtra state of central India. Business hub and increased industrialization in study area is affecting the environment adversely. n. Changing life style of corporate community and their effects on other population enhancing the contamination of environment

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Premature Adult Mortality and Years of Life Lost Attributed to Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter Pollution and Potential for Mitigating Adverse Health Effects in Tuzla and Lukavac, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos11101107 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1107

Author(s):

Vlatka Matkovic ◽

Maida Mulić ◽

Selma Azabagić ◽

Marija Jevtić

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Health Effects ◽

Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽

Ambient Air ◽

World Health ◽

Years Of Life Lost ◽

Adverse Health Effects ◽

Adverse Health

Ambient air pollution is one of eight global risk factors for deaths and accounts for 38.44 all causes death rates attributable to ambient PM pollution, while in Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is 58.37. We have estimated health endpoints and possible gains if two policy scenarios were implemented and air pollution reduction achieved. Real-world health and recorded PM pollution data for 2018 were used for assessing the health impacts and possible gains. Calculations were performed with WHO AirQ+ software against two scenarios with cut-off levels at country-legal values and WHO air quality recommendations. Ambient PM2.5 pollution is responsible for 16.20% and 22.77% of all-cause mortality among adults in Tuzla and Lukavac, respectively. Our data show that life expectancy could increase by 2.1 and 2.4 years for those cities. In the pollution hotspots, in reality, there is a wide gap in what is observed and the implementation of the legally binding air quality limit values and, thus, adverse health effects. Considerable health gains and life expectancy are possible if legal or health scenarios in polluted cities were achieved. This estimate might be useful in providing additional health burden evidence as a key component for a clean air policy and action plans.

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Tackling Air Pollution in Krakow

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20184400053 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 00053

Author(s):

Artur Jachimowski ◽

Marcin Paprocki ◽

Magdalena Wojnarowska

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Meteorological Parameters ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Heating Season ◽

Thermal Inversion ◽

Two Factors ◽

Air Quality Monitoring Stations ◽

Stack Emissions ◽

Weak Wind

Data used in order to determine the level of pollutants present in the air in Krakow came from three air quality monitoring stations located in Bulwarowa street, Bujaka street and Krasińskiego avenue. Based on these data, an analysis was performed concerning air quality in Krakow in 2010-2016. Also, a correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relation between air quality parameters and meteorological parameters, such as: wind, precipitation, temperature. An analysis of the results obtained showed that two factors are critical for the variability of air pollution in Krakow. The first of them is low-stack emissions from coal stoves and boilers. The other factor is the type of atmospheric circulation. It has been determined that the worst air quality occurs in the heating season as the prevailing circulation is anticyclonic (high-pressure) characterised by low temperature, lack or small amount of precipitation, weak wind and thermal inversion. The paper presents preventive measures aimed at reducing the amount of pollutants in Krakow. It has been found that in order to reduce the level of air pollution in Krakow, especially in the heating season, it is necessary to intensify operations aimed at eliminating coal and wood stoves and boilers.

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Air pollution, mortality, at-risk population, new entry and life expectancy of the frail elderly in three U.S. cities

Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics ◽

10.1515/snde-2019-0098 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Christian J. Murray ◽

Frederick W. Lipfert

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Time Series ◽

Air Quality ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Short Term ◽

Pollution Effects ◽

Risk Population ◽

Air Pollution Effects ◽

New Entrants

AbstractWe present the findings of a new time-series model that estimates short-term health effects of particulate matter and ozone, as applied to three U.S. cities. The model is based on observed fluctuations of daily death counts and estimates the corresponding daily subpopulations at-risk of imminent death; it also shows that virtually all elderly deaths are preceded by a brief period of extreme frailty. We augment previous research by allowing new entrants to this at-risk population to be influenced by the environment, rather than be random. The mean frail subpopulations in the three cities, each containing between 3000 and 5000 daily observations on mortality, pollution, and temperature, are estimated to be about 0.1% of those aged 65 or more, and their life expectancies in this frail status are about one week. We find losses in life expectancy due to air pollution and temperature to be at most one day. Air pollution effects on new entrants into the frail population tend to exceed those on mortality. Our results provide context to the many time-series studies that have found significant short-term relationships between air quality and survival, and they suggest that benefits of air quality improvement should be based on increased life expectancy rather than estimated numbers of excess deaths.

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The efficiency of the fare-free public transport for the air pollution reduction

Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny ◽

10.35117/a_eng_20_06-07-08_03 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (8) ◽

pp. 9-15

Author(s):

Mikulski Maciej

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Air Quality ◽

Nitrogen Oxide ◽

Public Transport ◽

Pollution Reduction ◽

Heating Season ◽

Before And After ◽

The City

The article presents the problem of air pollution in polish cities on the example of Cracow. The focus was on one of the corrective actions taken by the city – free-fare public transport during high air pollution. Changes in the city's approach to this service since 2015 and consequences for the city budget were presented. Then, the efficiency of free-fare public transport in attracting new passengers was considered. The example of the Nysa town was cited, which introduced such permission for car drivers, but withdrew it three years later. In the next step, the concentration of air pollution before and after the activation of free-fare public transport in the heating season 2018/2019 was analyzed. Particulate matter PM10, nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide were taken into account. There was no constant relationship between the changes in the level of these pollutants in the air and the full-paid (or fare-free) public transport. There is also no reason for the need to change parameters based on witch the fare-free public transport is activated. Finally, the necessity of further efforts of central and local authorities to improve air quality as well as further research on sources of air pollution and efficiency of undertaken actions was emphasized. Keywords: fare-free public transport, air pollution, environmental protection

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COVID-19 Infection and Air Pollution Characteristics in USA

International Journal of Applied Evolutionary Computation ◽

10.4018/ijaec.2021040102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 16-35

Author(s):

Sharanpreet Kaur ◽

Satwinder Singh

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Human Body ◽

Quality Index ◽

Human Infection ◽

Air Quality Index ◽

Initial Stage ◽

The Usa ◽

The Relationship ◽

Death Cases

Coronavirus is diagnosed as a human-to-human infection at the initial stage by many of the researchers. As coronavirus is primarily targeting the respiratory system of the human body, the study tries to explore the relationship between pollution and increased number of cases in the states of the USA. The objective of the study is to determine whether the air quality index (AQI) of the year 2019 has a concern in the increasing number of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in USA. This study included data of coronavirus confirmed and death cases from the dates January 22nd 2020 to June 30th 2020 for more than 45 states of the USA. Six AQI defining parameters—CO, NO2, Ozone (O3), PM10, PM2.5, and SO2—are selected for the study. The present study tried to identify whether air pollution is playing a significant role in spreading the coronavirus pandemic or not. Results confirmed that air quality index (AQI) defining parameters are not the sole factor behind the rise in the number of coronavirus cases in the USA.

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Air quality and respiratory health of school children in Pancevo

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh06s2108s ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 134 (Suppl. 2) ◽

pp. 108-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mica Saric-Tanaskovic ◽

Dubravka Nikolovski ◽

Goran Belojevic

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

School Children ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Respiratory Health ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Street Dust ◽

Health Condition ◽

Home Heating

INTRODUCTION. Air pollution is the leading environmental problem in Pancevo. Sources are traffic, home heating, industry, land fields, and street dust. Air pollution has harmful effect on population health, particularly the health of children. OBJECTIVE. To estimate school-children?s respiratory health in Pancevo. ??THOD. The air quality in Pancevo and Vrsac was measured by standard methods. The health condition was tested by anthropometric, clinical examination and spirometric measures in school children of II-V classes of three primary schools in Pancevo and one in Vrsac, in 2002. Data from 1136 children were analyzed: 796 in Pancevo, and 340 in Vrsac. Parents answered the questions in questionnaires: non standardized questionnaire about children?s health, social status and smoking in the family, questionnaire about pregnancy, physical activity and standardized ISAAC questionnaire about asthma and eczema. RESULTS. During the 2002/2003 heating season in Vrsac, concentrations of SO2 and soot were less than limit concentrations of emission and significantly less than in Pancevo air. Results showed that the asthma, wheezing during physical activity (p<0.05), dry cough at night (p<0.001), cold and tonsilo-pharyngitis (p?0.05) were significantly more frequent in girls from Pancevo than girls from Vrsac. Morning cough (p<0.05) and wheezing (p<0.01) was significantly more frequent in boys from Pancevo than boys from Vrsac. Children from Pancevo were much higher than children in Vrsac. Less vital capacity (p<0.05) and mild restriction (p<0.001) were more often in children from Pancevo than children in Vrsac. CONCLUSION. Our investigation confirmed that children from Pancevo had problems with respiratory health more often than children in Vrsac.

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Improving air quality in the workplace of a cement packer

10.18411/trnio-10-2021-73 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 78 (2) ◽

pp. 120-122

Author(s):

P.S. Minakova ◽

A.I. Agoshkov ◽

A.A. Tychina

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Human Body ◽

Cement Dust

The article deals with the problem of air pollution in the working area of the cement packer, as well as the effect of cement dust on the human body. It is proposed to carousel sealing method carousel machine in order to reduce the concentration of cement dust in the air of the working area.

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Assessment of Indoor Air Quality in Otorhinolaryngology Clinics

Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.3342/kjorl-hns.2019.00822 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (10) ◽

pp. 458-462

Author(s):

Kang Hyun Lee ◽

Dong-Kyu Kim

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Indoor Air Pollution ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Healthcare Personnel ◽

Quality Level ◽

Total Volatile Organic Compounds

Background and Objectives Otorhinolaryngology clinics are frequently exposed to various air pollutants. This can have a potentially harmful effect on the health of the healthcare personnel. However, there is still a lack of studies on the assessment of indoor air quality in otorhinolaryngology clinics. Therefore, this study aimed to measure indoor air quality in otorhinolaryngology clinics.Subjects and Method In this study, we prospectively measured indoor air quality indices [particulate matter (PM), carbon dioxide (CO2), total volatile organic compounds (VOCs), PM2.5, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone] using portable passive air quality monitoring sensors in otorhinolaryngology clinics.Results The mean concentrations of PM, CO2, VOCs, and NO2 were significantly higher during office hours than after; however, there was no significant differences in CO and ozone concentration between the two time periods. The proportions of tolerable to poor-quality (exceeding acceptable level) levels of CO2, total VOCs, NO2 was 25%, 25%, 12.5% during office hours, respectively. On the other hand, there was no proportion of tolerable to poor-quality level of PM, CO, ozone during office hours.Conclusion We found that otorhinolaryngology clinics are easily exposed to ambient indoor air pollution. Therefore, we suggest implement health-related protective strategies for ambient indoor air pollution in otorhinolaryngology clinics may be needed for healthcare personnel.

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Chemical characteristics of particulate matter - problem of Polish cities with air pollution

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-10687 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Przemysław Furman ◽

Alicja Skiba ◽

Lucyna Samek ◽

Mirosław Zimnoch ◽

Magdalena Kistler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Air Quality ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Major Elements ◽

Heating Season ◽

Sources Of Pollution ◽

Eu Project ◽

The City

Recent years have brought a significant increase in public awareness of the issue of poor air quality in Poland. It is understandable that this problem has a direct impact on the quality of life of citizens of this country. Over the last few decades a concern over the health effects associated with air pollution was growing, mainly due to their carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Various actions initiated by non-governmental organizations forced the authorities to undertake certain measures aimed at improving the quality of air in Poland, which, in the reports of the European Environment Agency is listed as one of the most polluted countries in the entire European Union. A model example here is the Krakow agglomeration. The city, located in a basin extending in the Vistula valley, surrounded on three sides by hills, in the cold period of the year struggles with the problem of poor air quality (very high concentrations of particulate matter and benzo(a)pyrene).The objective of this research was better characterization of two major elements responsible for poor air quality in Krakow agglomeration: existing sources of pollution and&#160; local meteorology during heating season (HS) and&#160; non-heating season (NHS). Samples were collected with 24h resolution using Low-Vol samplers in Krakow (50&#176;00'38.1"N 19&#176;56'57.1"E, Kurdwanow, Malopolska, South Poland) from February 2014 to January 2015. Based on the results of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, cations, anions, mercury, organic and elemental carbon analyzes of samples of particulate matter collected in the city&#8217;s atmosphere, sources have been identified and classified them from the most to the least significant ones. The modeling tool Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT), developed by NOAA&#8217;s Air Resources Laboratory, was used to investigate the possible trajectories of air pollutants.This research was partially financed by the AGH UST grant 16.16.210.476 subsidy of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education. PF and AS have been partly supported by the EU Project POWR.03.02.00-00-I004/16. The infrastructure of the AGH Center of Energy in Krak&#243;w was applied in order to determine the concentration of ions.

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