scholarly journals Electrochemical Corrosion Monitoring in Low Conductive Fluid: Pilot-Scale Study on Sulfolane Corrosion Potential

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Świetlicka ◽  
Agnieszka Środa ◽  
Violetta Kozik ◽  
Andrzej Bąk ◽  
Krzysztof Barbusiński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saturated Hydrocarbon ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Electrochemical Technique ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Vapor Extraction ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
By Products

Solvents are a group of chemical compounds that are widely used in organic synthesis. Taking into account the chemical nature, solvents are divided into protic and aprotic ones. An attractive alternative to commonly used industrial extractive liquids is an anthropogenic, organosulfur medium—sulfolane. Sulfolane is a five-membered heterocyclic sulfur–organic compound from the group of sulfones (R-SO2-R’, where R/R’ is alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl), which contains an apolar hydrocarbon backbone and a polar functional group. It is a selective solvent in the liquid–liquid and liquid–vapor extraction processes used for the removal of close-boiling alkanes from cycloalkanes or for the separation of compounds with different degrees of saturation and polarity in the extractive rectification of arenes from non-aromatic saturated hydrocarbon mixtures. In standard conditions sulfolane is not an aggressive solvent for steel, but at higher temperature (170–180 °C) and oxygen availability, it may be decomposed and subsequently some corrosive (by-)products can be formed. The primary purpose of the presented pilot-case examination was to verify applicability of the industrial, multi-electrochemical technique for reliable detection of the corrosion processes in low conductive fluids.

scholarly journals Sulfolane: Magic Extractor or Bad Actor? Pilot-Scale Study on Solvent Corrosion Potential

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Bak ◽  
Violetta Kozik ◽  
Paulina Dybal ◽  
Slawomir Kus ◽  
Aleksandra Swietlicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Potential ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Electrochemical Technique ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Equipment Corrosion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sulfur Containing

The sulfur-containing derivatives and their metabolites, regarded as ‘old devils of green’ chemistry, constitute a relevant class of air/water/soil contaminants in over-polluted world. In fact, some industrially-engineered solvents have become environmentally unfavorable. An attractive alternative to commonly used industrial liquids is sulfolane (C4H8SO2), an anthropogenic medium. The main objective of this paper is the comprehensive review focusing mainly on the state-of-the-art aspects of the sulfolane synthesis, application of sulfolane as an extractive solvent due to its ‘unique’ physicochemical properties as well as the potential of sulfolane to cause equipment corrosion and subsequent spills. The potential risk for groundwater contamination, danger for human health and ways of sulfolane biodegradation were briefly reviewed as well. Interestingly, the analysis performed on data stored in the Reaxys database revealed an alternating tendency of waxing and waning interest in sulfolane during the space of the last fifty years. Moreover, the primary goal of the presented case study was to verify applicability of industrial, multi-electrochemical technique for reliable detection of corrosion in low conductive process fluids. Several aspects of corrosion measurement including the impact of process parameters (temperature) and impurities (oxygen and chlorides) on stainless steel corrosion in pure sulfolane were investigated briefly.

Pilot plant study on the performance and optimization of submerged membranes for taste and odor removal

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Schideman ◽  
V.L. Snoeyink ◽  
B.J. Mariñas ◽  
M. Kosterman
Keyword(s):  
Lake Michigan ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Ideal Mixing ◽  
Taste And Odor ◽  
Cake Layer

Hybrid sorption-membrane processes are an attractive alternative for meeting a range of water treatment goals in a single process that is compact and cost-effective. This study investigated the performance and optimization of a hybrid sorption-membrane process using powdered activated carbon (PAC) and submerged-style membranes for odor control. Specifically, this study focused on the removal of 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) from a Lake Michigan source water and investigated the effects of PAC dose, dosing method, backwash interval, and aeration. Adsorption performance was predicted using a mathematical model, and tested using a pilot-scale, submerged membrane system. Modeling continuously dosed PAC performance agreed well with pilot results, but pulse dosed PAC performance was overestimated by the model. Non-ideal mixing effects were identified as important factors in explaining the pulse dosing results. Pilot results with aeration and pulse dosing were also overestimated by the model. It is hypothesized that aeration disturbs the PAC cake layer that forms on the membrane, and thus eliminates the beneficial effects that this cake layer can have on adsorption. Extending backwash intervals from 30 to 180 minutes with continuous dosing increased the percent removal of 2-MIB by up to 30% in both the model predictions and pilot results. This study highlights some important considerations in the design of full-scale systems and future mathematical models.

scholarly journals Implementation of green extraction and isolation methodologies for the recovery of bioactive compounds from olive-growing products and by-products

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Νικόλαος Ξυνός
Keyword(s):  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Green Extraction ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Olive Kernel ◽  
Table Olive ◽  
Phd Thesis ◽  
By Products

The experimental work of this PhD thesis has been scheduled on a three-axis base. Theaims that were set, they concerned the optimal exploitation of four different by-products of the table olive, olive oil and olive kernel oil industries, for the recovery of specific highadded-value compounds with well-known biological properties. Those natural productswere desired either in the form of enriched fractions or pure compounds. The prerequisitewas to utilize as eco-friendly technologies as possible for extraction and purification and tooptimize the processes in laboratory as well as in pilot scale. Thus, trustworthy estimationof industrial feasibility is provided. The main technologies that were implicated for therecovery of the target compounds are: Supercritical fluid extraction Pressurized liquid (and subcritical water) extraction Liquid/liquid extraction Adsorption resin technology Centrifugal Partition ChromatographyThe by-products that were the subject of the tracing/ extraction/ enrichment/identification/ quantification on studies for this PhD thesis were the following: Olive leaves (by-products of the pruning of the trees and of the olive fruit harvest) Olive mill pomace waste (biphasic process) Table olive process wastewater (by-product of the debittering process for theproduction of table olives) Olive kernel oil deodorization distillates (by-product of the refining process for theproduction of olive kernel oil from olive pomace)The natural compounds that were targeted for their recovery, enrichment and isolation dueto their well-established (and still under research) biological properties and theirapplication in pharmaceutical, phytotherapeutical, nutraceutical, cosmetic andcosmeceutical industries were respectively: Oleuropein Hydroxytyrosol SqualeneIn all cases, not only biomarkers’ content but also the overall chemical profile of theextracts was studied. The applied scientific interest of this work was that novel green extraction technologies and combinatorial processes as well as experimental design wereimplemented in lab and pilot scale for the exploitation of certain by-products that occur invery large quantities every year as a result of the agricultural/ industrial processing of theolive tree, with the aim of recovering high added value natural products.

scholarly journals Latest Insights on Novel Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) for Sustainable Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Natural Sources

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 5037
Author(s):  
Julio Serna-Vázquez ◽  
Mohd Zamidi Ahmad ◽  
Grzegorz Boczkaj ◽  
Roberto Castro-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Phenolic Extraction ◽  
Sustainable Extraction ◽  
By Products

Phenolic compounds have long been of great importance in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Unfortunately, conventional extraction procedures have a high cost and are time consuming, and the solvents used can represent a safety risk for operators, consumers, and the environment. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are green alternatives for extraction processes, given their low or non-toxicity, biodegradability, and reusability. This review discusses the latest research (in the last two years) employing DESs for phenolic extraction, solvent components, extraction yields, extraction method characteristics, and reviewing the phenolic sources (natural products, by-products, wastes, etc.). This work also analyzes and discusses the most relevant DES-based studies for phenolic extraction from natural sources, their extraction strategies using DESs, their molecular mechanisms, and potential applications.

Life cycle assessment of green pilot-scale extraction processes to obtain potent antioxidants from rosemary leaves

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Rodríguez-Meizoso ◽  
María Castro-Puyana ◽  
Pål Börjesson ◽  
Jose A. Mendiola ◽  
Charlotta Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Extraction Processes

Monitoring advanced oxidation of Suwannee River fulvic acid

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janey V. Camp ◽  
Dennis B. George ◽  
Martha J. M. Wells ◽  
Pedro E. Arce
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Suwannee River ◽  
Suwannee River Fulvic Acid ◽  
Pulsed Electrical Discharge ◽  
By Products

Environmental context.Potentially toxic disinfection by-products form when water containing humic and fulvic acids is chlorinated to destroy pathogenic microorganisms. A pulsed electrical discharge was examined for its ability to destroy an aquatic fulvic acid by oxidation. Spectroscopically, changes in the organic structures were observed, but carbon content and disinfection by-products were not reduced. Abstract.A pilot-scale pulsed electrical discharge (PED) system was used to treat Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) as a representative precursor material for the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), specifically trihalomethane compounds. Ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and the trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) were used as analytical parameters to monitor the effects of treatment on the substrate. The potential for SRFA degradation (5 mg L–1 DOC) was examined over 60 min at each of four operational configurations, varying pulse energy and frequency (0.15 J and 60 Hz, 0.15 J and 120 Hz, 0.4 J and 60 Hz, and 0.4 J and 120 Hz) in a factorial design. Statistically significant changes occurred for UV254, EX254EM460, and EX328EM460 under selected conditions; however, concomitant changes in DOC and THMFP were not observed. The composition of SRFA changed, but organic carbon was not mineralised to carbon dioxide. In addition to showing degradation by PED, the significance of the preliminary findings of this research was to demonstrate that spectroscopic monitoring of precursor degradation alone can be misleading, and that whereas ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy indicated degradation of precursor compounds, DOC and THMFP measurements were unchanged and did not support the occurrence of mineralisation in this system.

Formation of by-products in the course of intermediate ozonation of groundwater pretreated with ozone and polyaluminium chloride

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Agbaba ◽  
I. Ivančev-Tumbas ◽  
B. Dalmacija ◽  
M. Klašnja
Keyword(s):  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Serbia And Montenegro ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
By Products ◽  
Polyaluminium Chloride ◽  
Vojvodina Province

Formation of aldehydes and trihalomethanes during intermediate ozonation of water pretreated with ozone and polyaluminium-chloride was monitored in a pilot-scale study to optimize the drinking water treatment technology. The raw water was the groundwater, rich in natural organic matter, originated from the territory of the Northern Banat region in Vojvodina Province, Serbia and Montenegro. Monitoring of the parameters that have to meet prescribed criteria (permanganate value, TOC and THMFP removal) could not give an indication on how to split the required ozone dose between preozonation and intermediate ozonation. As the effects obtained regarding THMFP and TOC removal were similar, monitoring of aldehydes was performed, and this clearly showed that preozonation should be carried out with a dose ≥0.4 mg O3/mg TOC to obtain the water with the smallest contents of aldehydes and the lowest specific content of glyoxal in the GAC filter influent.

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