scholarly journals Analysing the Impacts of Financial Expenditure of Prefectures on Methods of Suicide Completion in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Kanae Kashimoto ◽  
Motohiro Okada
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Education ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Special School ◽  
Charcoal Burning ◽  
Fire Services ◽  
Welfare Expenditure

Recently, several studies reported that the governmental financial expenditures play important roles in the prevention of increasing suicide mortalities; however, the specific regional policies, designed dependent on regional cultural, economic, education and welfare backgrounds, affect suicide mortality by a specific suicidal means. Therefore, the present study determined the impacts of the regional governmental expenditure of six major divisions, “public health”, “public works”, “police”, “ambulance/fire services”, “welfare” and “education” on suicide mortalities by five major suicidal means, “hanging”, “poisoning”, “charcoal burning”, “jumping” and “throwing”, across the 47 prefectures in Japan during 2009–2018 using fixed-effect analysis of hierarchal linear regression with robust standard error. The expenditures of “ambulance/fire services” and “education” indicated the negative relation to suicide mortalities by wide-spectrum suicidal means, whereas expenditures of “public works” did not affect suicide mortalities. In the education subdivisions, expenditure of “kindergarten” and “elementary school” indicated the impacts of reduction of suicide mortalities, whereas the expenditures of “special school” for individuals with disabilities unexpectedly contribute to increasing suicide mortalities by poisoning, charcoal burning and throwing of females. Regarding subdivisions of welfare, expenditure of “child welfare” and “social welfare” contributed to a reduction in suicide mortalities, but expenditure of “elderly welfare” surprisingly contributed to increasing suicide mortalities. Furthermore, expenditures of welfare subdivision abolished the negative impacts of the expenditures of educational subdivisions, kindergarten and elementary school, but the positive impact of expenditure of special school on female suicide mortalities was not affected. These results suggest that most Japanese people are struggling to care for children even in the situation of an increasing elderly population with a decreasing birthrate. Therefore, it is important to enhance the investment welfare policy for the future to improve the childcare environment. The results demonstrated by this study suggest that the scientifically evidence-based redistributions of welfare expenditure in regional government, at least partially, provide improvement of Japanese society and welfare systems, under the continuous severe Japanese social concerns associated with increasing elderly population with a decreasing birthrate.

scholarly journals Relationships between Expenditure of Regional Governments and Suicide Mortalities Caused by Six Major Motives in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Toshiki Hasegawa ◽  
Kouji Fukuyama ◽  
Motohiro Okada
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Economic Education ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Health Economy ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Fire Services ◽  
Welfare Systems

Suicide mortality in Japan reduced in the period of 2009–2018. A number of studies identified the impact of financial governmental support for social welfare systems on suicide mortality; however, the detailed effects of specific regional policies, designed according to regional cultural, economic, education and welfare situations, on suicide mortality remain to be clarified. Therefore, the present study analyses the associations between the regional governmental expenditure of six major divisions, “public health”, “public works”, “police”, “ambulance/fire services”, “welfare” and “education”, and suicide mortalities caused by six major suicidal motives, related to “family”, “health”, “economy”, “employment”, “romance” and “school”, across the 47 prefectures in Japan during the period of 2009–2018, using fixed-effect analysis of hierarchal linear regression with robust standard error. The expenditure of “public works” displayed a positive relationship with suicide mortality of females caused by family-related motives but was not related to other suicide mortalities, whereas the expenditures in “public health”, “police”, “ambulance/fire services”, “welfare” and “education” contributed to a reduction in suicide mortality, at least in some statistical indicators. The expenditures of both “ambulance/fire” and “education” were predominantly effective among the six major divisions of regional governmental expenditure in reducing suicide mortalities. In the education subdivisions, the expenditure of “kindergarten” was related to a reduction in suicide mortalities caused by a wide spectrum of motives. The amount of expenditure of welfare indicated the limited possibility of facilitating a reduction in suicide mortalities caused by only motives associated with economy or employment. However, in the welfare subdivisions, the expenditure of “child welfare” and “social welfare” was effective in reducing suicide mortalities, but the expenditure of “elderly welfare” was unexpectedly related to an increase in suicide mortalities. These results suggest that most Japanese people are struggling to bring up children even in the situation of an increasing elderly population with a decreasing birth rate. Therefore, it is important to enhance the investment welfare policy for the future to improve the childcare environment. Although the issue of an increasing elderly population and a decreasing birth rate in Japan has not yet improved, the obtained results suggest that evidence-based welfare expenditure redistributions of prefectures and municipalities could improve Japanese society and welfare systems.

scholarly journals Peningkatan kemampuan berhitung dengan metode jarimatika di Sekolah Dasar Negeri (SDN) Neonbat Nusa Tenggara Timur

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Cecilia Novianti Salsinha ◽  
Eva Binsasi ◽  
Elinora Naikteas Bano
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Elementary School Students ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
School Students ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Basic Ability ◽  
5Th Grade

[Bahasa]: Salah satu metode pembelajaran yang cocok digunakan untuk operasi perkalian adalah metode jarimatika. Metode ini diberikan kepada siswa SD di Kefamenanu mengingat berdasarkan data Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), Kefamenanu telah memiliki empat perguruan tinggi namun masih banyak siswa yang belum memiliki kemampuan berhitung cepat. Kelebihan metode jarimatika adalah tidak memerlukan alat peraga dan hafalan karena perhitungan dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan jari tangan sehingga diharapkan operasi hitung perkalian dapat lebih mudah dipahami, menyenangkan, dan tidak membebani memori otak siswa. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berhitung siswa sekolah dasar. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di SDN Neonbat Kefamenanu, Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) dengan subyek pengabdian seluruh siswa kelas V yang berjumlah 60 orang. Pengabdian dilaksanakan dalam bentuk workshop yang dibagi menjadi 2 hari. Pelaksanaan hari pertama fokus pada review kemampuan dasar siswa yang meliputi perkalian 1-5 dan dilanjutkan dengan perkenalan teknik berhitung cepat dengan jarimatika untuk perkalian 6-10 dan 11-15. Pengabdian dilanjutkan pada hari kedua yaitu review materi pada hari sebelumnya dan penyampaian teknik berhitung cepat untuk kelompok 16-20 yang diakhiri dengan pemberian latihan. Kegiatan pengabdian tidak hanya berhenti pada workshop tetapi dilanjutkan dengan pendampingan terhadap siswa yang dipilih sebanyak 20 orang. Kegiatan pendampingan ini memberikan dampak positif terhadap hasil belajar yang diperoleh siswa. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari peningkatan nilai rata-rata pada pre-testsebesar 55,84 dan pada post test sebesar 75. Kata Kunci: berhitung cepat; metode jarimatika; perkalian; sekolah dasar [English]: One of the appropriate methods to learn multiplication is Jarimatika. It was given to elementary school students in Kefamenanu which, based on data from statistical central agency (BPS), has four colleges but there are still many students who do not have rapid counting skills. The advantage of this method is not requiring learning tools and memorization because calculations are done by utilizing the fingers so that the expected counting operation of multiplication can be more easily understood, enjoyable, and does not overload students’ memory. The purpose of this community service program was to improve the counting skills of elementary school students. It was held at SDN Neonbat Kefamenanu, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) involving 60 5th-grade students. The program was carried out in two-day workshop. The first day focused on the review of students ' basic ability which includes multiplication 1-5 and continued with the introduction of quick counting techniques with Jarimatika for multiplication 6-10 and 11-15. The second day was to review the previous day and introduce the rapid counting technique for multiplication 16-20. This program did not only end with the workshop but also continued with the assistance of 20 selected students. This assistance provided a positive impact on the results students get which can be seen from the increasing average score: 55,84 in the pre-test then increased to 75 in the post-test. Keywords: fast counting; jarimatika method; multiplication; elementary school

Is there anything special about lesson study in special schools?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-316
Author(s):  
Sarah Seleznyov ◽  
Amelia Roberts ◽  
Rachel Walker ◽  
Sarah Watson ◽  
Melanie Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Lesson Study ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
School Leaders ◽  
Special School ◽  
Special Schools ◽  
Mainstream Teachers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

PurposeJapanese lesson study (LS) is a professional development (PD) approach in which teachers collaboratively plan a lesson, observe it being taught and then discuss what they have learned. LS's popularity as an approach to teacher PD in the UK is growing, and it is used in both special and mainstream settings. This study explores whether LS is perceived and operationalized in the same way across special and mainstream settings.Design/methodology/approachThis study arose as a result of collaboration between UCL Institute of Education academics (principle investigators) and three special school leaders using LS in their own schools (practitioner co-investigators), who together formed the research team. The team first explored the literature base for LS in special education. They then investigated special and mainstream schools using LS for teacher PD. Research tools included semi-structured interviews and an online survey. Participants were obtained through opportunistic sampling via the networks of schools available to the researchers.FindingsThere were several key differences between LS in special and mainstream settings. Special teachers felt LS had a more positive impact on subject knowledge than mainstream teachers, and this impact extended to support staff. Special teachers were more likely to carry out multiple research cycles than mainstream colleagues and to quickly build LS into the existing timetable. Mainstream teachers focused on individual pupils in LS to seek learning about pedagogy more generally, whereas general learning about pedagogy was seen as a secondary benefit to special teachers.Research limitations/implicationsOne of the limitations of the research is that participants are more positively inclined toward LS than the general population of their school, since those not interested in LS would be unlikely to take the time to engage with the research. It will be important to conduct more research into the use of LS in mainstream schools, as this study is one of very few exploring LS in this special context.Practical implicationsThe ease with which special schools can align LS to current practice due to greater flexibility of timetables and larger staff teams seems to result in a greater appreciation and “valuing” of the process in mainstream schools, where teachers seemed to feel their senior leadership teams had gone to extra lengths to enable LS to happen. LS seems to offer a framework within which senior leaders can prioritize such learning experiences for teachers, leading to positive benefits for pupils, teachers and the school, and is therefore a process worth considering both for special and mainstream school leaders.Originality/valueThe literature review found a limited number of studies of LS in a special educational needs and disability (SEND) context, all of which took place in the UK and focused on the impact of teacher participation in LS on teacher practice and pupil learning. All three studies show a positive impact and suggest that LS might have wider applications for both special schools and mainstream schools supporting SEND pupils. There has been no exploration of the different ways in which mainstream and special school teachers and pupils might experience or construct LS in their own contexts.

Incorporating Podcast in Elementary School Reading Instruction

2013 ◽  
Vol 421 ◽  
pp. 652-657
Author(s):  
Chin Wen Liao ◽  
Chih Hao Chen ◽  
David Wen Shung Tai
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Limited Time ◽  
Reading Behaviors ◽  
Educational Broadcasting ◽  
Teachers And Students

Because of the insufficient teaching hours and the limited time for practice reading in a classroom, using internet can eliminate the restriction of when and where to teach. Through the publishing and broadcasting functions of the new online broadcasting media, podcast, teachers and students can post and share their reading experiences, which can supplement the insufficient reading instruction in a classroom. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of applying podcast, the educational broadcasting media, to reading instruction. From the students checkout records and the results of the survey, the conclusions derived are: 1. Incorporating podcasting in reading instruction has a positive impact on students reading behaviors. 2. Incorporating podcasting in reading instruction sparks students curiosity and motivates them to learn. 3. Student checked out at libraries more often. 4. Incorporating podcasting in reading makes students love reading.

Large-scale suicide prevention by pharmacological treatment of mood disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S53-S53
Author(s):  
E. Isometsa
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Lithium Treatment ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Access To Treatment ◽  
Treatment Provision

IntroductionIn psychological autopsy studies, at least half of suicides have suffered from depressive or bipolar disorders at time of death. Improving access to care and provision of evidence-based pharmacotherapies can be important preventive measures.ObjectivesTo examine suicide risk and pharmacoepidemiology in mood disorders; evidence for efficacy of pharmacotherapies in mood disorders and in preventing suicidal behaviour in them, and limitations to effectiveness of treatment due to problems of adherence.AimsTo evaluate potentials for suicide prevention in mood disorders by improved access to treatment, improved quality of treatment provision, improved adherence, or by specific pharmacotherapies.MethodsSelective review of literature.ResultsRisk of suicide death and attempts in mood disorders clusters into major depressive and mixed illness episodes, and time spent in them is a major determinant of risk, but direct evidence for preventive effects of effective pharmacotherapies remains limited. Observational and randomized studies indicate lithium treatment to reduce risk of suicide deaths and attempts. Ecological evidence from Europe shows increasing sales of antidepressants to consistently associate with declining regional suicide rates. Forensic chemical studies still find majority suicides negative for antidepressants. Poor adherence is a central problem in treatment provision.ConclusionsPositive impact of increase in pharmacotherapy provision in the last few decades on suicide mortality remains uncertain. Lithium is the pharmacological agent with best evidence for preventive utility, but underused. Providing treatments for those at risk, improving quality and continuity of treatment, and integrating them with psychosocial approaches is likely to be beneficial for suicide prevention.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals How Successful Was the New Deal? The Microeconomic Impact of New Deal Spending and Lending Policies in the 1930s

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1435-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Price Fishback
Keyword(s):  
New Deal ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Consumption Activity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The New Deal

The New Deal during the 1930s was arguably the largest peace-time expansion in federal government activity in American history. Until recently, there had been very little quantitative testing of the microeconomic impact of the wide variety of New Deal programs. Over the past decade scholars have developed new panel databases for counties, cities, and states and then used panel data methods on them to examine the impact of New Deal spending and lending policies for the major New Deal programs. In most cases, the identification of the effect comes from changes across time within the same geographic location after controlling for national shocks to the economy. Many of the studies also use instrumental variable methods to control for endogeneity. The studies find that public works and relief spending had state income multipliers of around one, increased consumption activity, attracted internal migration, reduced crime rates, and lowered several types of mortality. The farm programs typically aided large farm owners but eliminated opportunities for share croppers, tenants, and farm workers. The Home Owners' Loan Corporation's purchases and refinancing of troubled mortgages staved off drops in housing prices and home ownership rates at relatively low ex post cost to taxpayers. The Reconstruction Finance Corporation's loans to banks and railroads appear to have had little positive impact, although the banks were aided when the RFC took ownership stakes. (JEL D72, E61, L52, N41, N42)

scholarly journals Social and Economic Education in the Japanese Elementary School National Curriculum

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Eiji Yamane
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
National Curriculum ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Economic Education ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Social Studies Textbooks ◽  
Economic Reasoning ◽  
Economic Globalisation ◽  
Course Of Study

If we define ‘economic education’ as being identical to ‘teaching economies’, then economic education cannot be said to be included in the elementary school curriculum in Japan. However, pupils do learn about economic activities, industries, and economic institutions in social studies. In this article, the meaning of economic education is interpreted in the broad sense, in which pupils think about and understand economic reasoning and consider how people behave in an economic manner. In this sense, economic education is very much practised in Japan's elementary school social studies. The nature of this economic education can be understood from an examination of the national Course of Study. The present Course of Study was announced in 1989 and was put into effect in 1992 for elementary schools. This paper describes both the objectives and the content for each grade in the Course of Study, and illustrates these with examples of economic concepts in the present social studies textbooks and teaching material. It also outlines the new perspectives for economic education that arises through the study of economic globalisation and the conservation of the global environment, and suggests that these will require new forms of economic and social understanding.

scholarly journals The Role of Family Education in Forming the Independent Character of Students in Elementary School

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Rekno Handayani ◽  
Imaniar Purbasari ◽  
Deka Setiawan ◽  
Farid Ahmadi ◽  
Ramadhani Putri Praswanti
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Family Education ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Students ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Good Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Class Iv

The character value of elementary school students' independence is one of the problems that becomes a problem for students. The formation of the character value for independence is not only a school task, but the role of the family is also expected to form a character of independence. The purpose of this study was to analyze in depth the role of family education in shaping the independent character values syudents of class IV elementary school. Independence becomes a character value that must be embedded in students, so that independence becomes one of the attitudes needed in the implementation of learning. Descriptive qualitative is the method used in conducting research. The informants used as data sources included parents, students of class IV elementary school, and also class teachers. The techniques used in collecting data include observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis used was Milles Huberman's interactive model. The results showed that good family education has a positive role in the formation of the character values for the independence students of class IV elementary school. This can be seen from the independent attitude shown by students both in the family and school environment. Through good family education such as habituation that reflects independence will shape student character. The positive impact of instilling the value of independence is that students are able to fully participate in the learning process at school. The benefits that can be conveyed from the results of the research should be for parents to be able to apply proper family education to elementary school age children, because this education will have a positive impact on children.

scholarly journals Development of educational programs through comprehensive learning aimed at improving the health and physical fitness of elementary school students

Impact ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-52
Author(s):  
Isao Kambayashi
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
School Children ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Educational Programme ◽  
School Students ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Quality Sleep ◽  
Good Nutrition

Technological advances and innovations have inadvertently promoted a more sedentary lifestyle. Lifestyles of this kind tend to involve a lack of good quality sleep and poor nutrition. This is a particularly worrisome trend in children and it is important to encourage an active lifestyle and good nutrition among this generation and instill them with positive habits. Indeed, research has found that more and more Japanese children are waking with a low basal body temperature, which can be associated with poor physical fitness. Professor Isao Kambayashi, Hokkaido University of Education (HUE), Japan, and Koji Sugo, Sapporo Elementary School, Japan, which is affiliated with HUE, are looking into the extent of the issue and what can be done to improve it, with a focus on better education. At present, little time is dedicated to the health education of elementary school children, which is not helping the situation. As such, Kambayashi and Sugo are surveying students in order to establish a better understanding of the situation and they will implement an educational programme designed to improve the health and fitness of elementary school children. The idea is that implementing the educational programme will improve the fitness levels of children as well as improving their nutrition, resulting in improved lifestyles overall. Ultimately, this should have a widespread positive impact, curbing rising sedentary lifestyles and increasing levels of obesity, with the potential for similar programmes to be introduced throughout Japan and, indeed, the world.

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