Multi-Year Comparison of CO2 Concentration from NOAA Carbon Tracker Reanalysis Model with Data from GOSAT and OCO-2 over Asia

Accurate knowledge of the carbon budget on global and regional scales is critically important to design mitigation strategies aimed at stabilizing the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. For a better understanding of CO2 variation trends over Asia, in this study, the column-averaged CO2 dry air mole fraction (XCO2) derived from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) CarbonTracker (CT) was compared with that of Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) from September 2009 to August 2019 and with Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) from September 2014 until August 2019. Moreover, monthly averaged time-series and seasonal climatology comparisons were also performed separately over the five regions of Asia; i.e., Central Asia, East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Western Asia. The results show that XCO2 from GOSAT is higher than the XCO2 simulated by CT by an amount of 0.61 ppm, whereas, OCO-2 XCO2 is lower than CT by 0.31 ppm on average, over Asia. The mean spatial correlations of 0.93 and 0.89 and average Root Mean Square Deviations (RMSDs) of 2.61 and 2.16 ppm were found between the CT and GOSAT, and CT and OCO-2, respectively, implying the existence of a good agreement between the CT and the other two satellites datasets. The spatial distribution of the datasets shows that the larger uncertainties exist over the southwest part of China. Over Asia, NOAA CT shows a good agreement with GOSAT and OCO-2 in terms of spatial distribution, monthly averaged time series, and seasonal climatology with small biases. These results suggest that CO2 can be used from either of the datasets to understand its role in the carbon budget, climate change, and air quality at regional to global scales.

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The Exploitation of Local Vitis vinifera L. Biodiversity as a Valuable Tool to Cope with Climate Change Maintaining Berry Quality

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10010071 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

María Carmen Antolín ◽

María Toledo ◽

Inmaculada Pascual ◽

Juan José Irigoyen ◽

Nieves Goicoechea

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Grape Quality ◽

Berry Quality ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2

(1) Background: The associated increase in global mean surface temperature together with raised atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is exerting a profound influence on grapevine development (phenology) and grape quality. The exploitation of the local genetic diversity based on the recovery of ancient varieties has been proposed as an interesting option to cope with climate change and maintaining grape quality. Therefore, this research aimed to characterize the potential fruit quality of genotypes from seven local old grapevine varieties grown under climate change conditions. (2) Methods: The study was carried out on fruit-bearing cuttings (one cluster per plant) that were grown in pots in temperature gradient greenhouses (TGG). Two treatments were applied from fruit set to maturity: (1) ambient CO2 (400 ppm) and temperature (T) (ACAT) and (2) elevated CO2 (700 ppm) and temperature (T + 4 °C) (ECET). (3) Results: Results showed that some of the old genotypes tested remained quite stable during the climate change conditions in terms of fruit quality (mainly, total soluble solids and phenolic content) and of must antioxidant properties. (4) Conclusion: This research underlines the usefulness of exploiting local grapevine diversity to cope with climate change successfully, although further studies under field conditions and with whole plants are needed before extrapolating the results to the vineyard.

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In situ measurement of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> at the four WMO/GAW stations in China

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-14-2541-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 2541-2554 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

S. X. Fang ◽

L. X. Zhou ◽

P. P. Tans ◽

P. Ciais ◽

M. Steinbacher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Comprehensive Analysis ◽

Northeastern China ◽

Seasonal Cycles ◽

Production Area ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

The City

Abstract. Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) mole fractions were continuously measured from January 2009 to December 2011 at four atmospheric observatories in China using cavity ring-down spectroscopy instruments. The stations are Lin'an (LAN), Longfengshan (LFS), Shangdianzi (SDZ), and Waliguan (WLG), which are regional (LAN, LFS, SDZ) or global (WLG) measurement stations of the World Meteorological Organization's Global Atmosphere Watch program (WMO/GAW). LAN is located near the megacity of Shanghai, in China's economically most developed region. LFS is in a forest and rice production area, close to the city of Harbin in northeastern China. SDZ is located 150 km northeast of Beijing. WLG, hosting the longest record of measured CO2 mole fractions in China, is a high-altitude site in northwestern China recording background CO2 concentration. The CO2 growth rates are 3.7 ± 1.2 ppm yr−1 for LAN, 2.7 ± 0.8 ppm yr−1 for LFS, 3.5 ± 1.6 ppm yr−1 for SDZ, and 2.2 ± 0.8 ppm yr−1 (1σ) for WLG during the period of 2009 to 2011. The highest annual mean CO2 mole fraction of 404.2 ± 3.9 ppm was observed at LAN in 2011. A comprehensive analysis of CO2 variations, their diurnal and seasonal cycles as well as the analysis of the influence of local sources on the CO2 mole fractions allows a characterization of the sampling sites and of the key processes driving the CO2 mole fractions. These data form a basis to improve our understanding of atmospheric CO2 variations in China and the underlying fluxes using atmospheric inversion models.

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Correlations of methane and carbon dioxide concentrations from feedlot cattle as a predictor of methane emissions

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an14550 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 108 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mei Bai ◽

David W. T. Griffith ◽

Frances A. Phillips ◽

Travis Naylor ◽

Stephanie K. Muir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Concentration Ratio ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Feedlot Cattle ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Co2 Production ◽

Ch4 Emissions ◽

Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

Animal Diet

Accurate measurements of methane (CH4) emissions from feedlot cattle are required for verifying greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting and mitigation strategies. We investigate a new method for estimating CH4 emissions by examining the correlation between CH4 and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations from two beef cattle feedlots in Australia representing southern temperate and northern subtropical locations. Concentrations of CH4 and CO2 were measured at the two feedlots during summer and winter, using open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. There was a strong correlation for the concentrations above background of CH4 and CO2 with concentration ratios of 0.008 to 0.044 ppm/ppm (R2 >0.90). The CH4/CO2 concentration ratio varied with animal diet and ambient temperature. The CH4/CO2 concentration ratio provides an alternative method to estimate CH4 emissions from feedlots when combined with CO2 production derived from metabolisable energy or heat production.

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Present state of global wetland extent and wetland methane modelling: methodology of a model inter-comparison project (WETCHIMP)

Geoscientific Model Development ◽

10.5194/gmd-6-617-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 617-641 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

R. Wania ◽

J. R. Melton ◽

E. L. Hodson ◽

B. Poulter ◽

B. Ringeval ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽

Large Scale ◽

Model Comparison ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Companion Paper ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Ch4 Emissions ◽

Wide Range ◽

Wetland Extent ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. The Wetland and Wetland CH4 Intercomparison of Models Project (WETCHIMP) was created to evaluate our present ability to simulate large-scale wetland characteristics and corresponding methane (CH4) emissions. A multi-model comparison is essential to evaluate the key uncertainties in the mechanisms and parameters leading to methane emissions. Ten modelling groups joined WETCHIMP to run eight global and two regional models with a common experimental protocol using the same climate and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) forcing datasets. We reported the main conclusions from the intercomparison effort in a companion paper (Melton et al., 2013). Here we provide technical details for the six experiments, which included an equilibrium, a transient, and an optimized run plus three sensitivity experiments (temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric CO2 concentration). The diversity of approaches used by the models is summarized through a series of conceptual figures, and is used to evaluate the wide range of wetland extent and CH4 fluxes predicted by the models in the equilibrium run. We discuss relationships among the various approaches and patterns in consistencies of these model predictions. Within this group of models, there are three broad classes of methods used to estimate wetland extent: prescribed based on wetland distribution maps, prognostic relationships between hydrological states based on satellite observations, and explicit hydrological mass balances. A larger variety of approaches was used to estimate the net CH4 fluxes from wetland systems. Even though modelling of wetland extent and CH4 emissions has progressed significantly over recent decades, large uncertainties still exist when estimating CH4 emissions: there is little consensus on model structure or complexity due to knowledge gaps, different aims of the models, and the range of temporal and spatial resolutions of the models.

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Validation of GOSAT and OCO-2 against In Situ Aircraft Measurements and Comparison with CarbonTracker and GEOS-Chem over Qinhuangdao, China

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13050899 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 899

Author(s):

Farhan Mustafa ◽

Huijuan Wang ◽

Lingbing Bu ◽

Qin Wang ◽

Muhammad Shahzaman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vertical Structure ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

In Situ Measurements ◽

Vertical Profiles ◽

Aircraft Measurements ◽

Research Aircraft ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

Air Column ◽

Good Agreement

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most important greenhouse gas and several satellites have been launched to monitor the atmospheric CO2 at regional and global scales. Evaluation of the measurements obtained from these satellites against accurate and precise instruments is crucial. In this work, aircraft measurements of CO2 were carried out over Qinhuangdao, China (39.9354°N, 119.6005°E), on 14, 16, and 19 March 2019 to validate the Greenhous gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) and the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) CO2 retrievals. The airborne in situ instruments were mounted on a research aircraft and the measurements were carried out between the altitudes of ~0.5 and 8.0 km to obtain the vertical profiles of CO2. The profiles captured a decrease in CO2 concentration from the surface to maximum altitude. Moreover, the vertical profiles from GEOS-Chem and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) CarbonTracker were also compared with in situ and satellite datasets. The satellite and the model datasets captured the vertical structure of CO2 when compared with in situ measurements, which showed good agreement among the datasets. The dry-air column-averaged CO2 mole fractions (XCO2) retrieved from OCO-2 and GOSAT showed biases of 1.33 ppm (0.32%) and −1.70 ppm (−0.41%), respectively, relative to the XCO2 derived from in situ measurements.

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Carbon dioxide atmospheric concentration and hydrometeorological disasters

10.21203/rs.3.rs-528668/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andres Fortunato ◽

Helmut Herwartz ◽

Ramón E. López ◽

Eugenio Figueroa

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Cointegration Analysis ◽

Atmospheric Concentration ◽

Bayesian Sampling ◽

Term Relation ◽

Long Run ◽

Socio Demographic Factors ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract We study the long-run dynamic and predictive connection between atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and the probability of hydrometeorological disasters. For a panel of 193 countries over the period 1970-2016 we estimate the probabilities of hydrometeorological disasters at country levels by means of Bayesian sampling techniques. We then separate the effects of climatological and socio-demographic factors (used as proxies for exposure and vulnerability) and other country-specific factors, from a global probability of disasters (GPOD). Finally, we subject these global probability time paths to a cointegration analysis with CO2 concentration and run projections to year 2040 of the GPOD conditional on nine Shared Socioeconomic Pathways scenarios. We detect a stable long-term relation between CO2 accumulation and the GPOD that allows to determine projections of the latter process conditional on the former. This way, we demonstrate that generally and readily available statistical data on CO2 global atmospheric concentrations can be used as a conceptually meaningful, statistically valid and policy useful predictor of the probability of occurrence of (global) hydrometeorological disasters.

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Present state of global wetland extent and wetland methane modelling: methodology of a model intercomparison project (WETCHIMP)

Geoscientific Model Development Discussions ◽

10.5194/gmdd-5-4071-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 4071-4136 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

R. Wania ◽

J. R. Melton ◽

E. L. Hodson ◽

B. Poulter ◽

B. Ringeval ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽

Large Scale ◽

Model Comparison ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Companion Paper ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Ch4 Emissions ◽

Wide Range ◽

Wetland Extent ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. The Wetland and Wetland CH4 Intercomparison of Models Project (WETCHIMP) was created to evaluate our present ability to simulate large-scale wetland characteristics and corresponding methane (CH4) emissions. A multi-model comparison is essential to evaluate the key uncertainties in the mechanisms and parameters leading to methane emissions. Ten modelling groups joined WETCHIMP to run eight global and two regional models with a common experimental protocol using the same climate and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) forcing datasets. We reported the main conclusions from the intercomparison effort in a companion paper (Melton et al., 2012). Here we provide technical details for the six experiments, which included an equilibrium, a transient, and an optimized run plus three sensitivity experiments (temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric CO2 concentration). The diversity of approaches used by the models is summarized through a series of conceptual figures, and is used to evaluate the wide range of wetland extents and CH4 fluxes predicted by the models in the equilibrium run. We discuss relationships among the various approaches and patterns in consistencies of these model predictions. Within this group of models, there are three broad classes of methods used to estimate wetland extent: prescribed based on wetland distribution maps, prognostic relationships between hydrological states based on satellite observations, and explicit hydrological mass balances. A larger variety of approaches was used to estimate the net CH4 fluxes from wetland systems. Even though modelling of wetland extents and CH4 emissions has progressed significantly over recent decades, large uncertainties still exist when estimating CH4 emissions: there is little consensus on model structure or complexity due to knowledge gaps, different aims of the models, and the range of temporal and spatial resolutions of the models.

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Using OCO-2 Satellite Data for Investigating the Variability of Atmospheric CO2 Concentration in Relationship with Precipitation, Relative Humidity, and Vegetation over Oman

Water ◽

10.3390/w12010101 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 101

Author(s):

Foroogh Golkar ◽

Malik Al-Wardy ◽

Seyedeh Fatemeh Saffari ◽

Kathiya Al-Aufi ◽

Ghazi Al-Rawas

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Atmospheric Co2 ◽

Monsoon Region ◽

Annual Cycles ◽

Atmospheric Co2 Concentration ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2

Recognition of the carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration variations over time is critical for tracing the future changes in climate both globally and regionally. In this study, a time series analysis of atmospheric CO2 concentration and its relationship with precipitation, relative humidity (RH), and vegetation is investigated over Oman. The daily XCO2 data from OCO-2 satellite was obtained from September 2014 to March 2019. The daily RH and precipitation data were also collected from the ground weather stations, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index was obtained from MODIS. Oman was studied in four distinct regions where the main emphasis was on the Monsoon Region in the far south. The CO2 concentration time series indicated a significant upward trend over different regions for the study period, with annual cycles being the same for all regions except the Monsoon Region. This is indicative of RH, precipitation, and consequently vegetation cover impact on atmospheric CO2 concentration, resulting in an overall lower annual growth in the Monsoon Region. Simple and multiple correlation analyses of CO2 concentration with mentioned parameters were performed in zero to three-month lags over Oman. They showed high correlations mainly during the rainfall period in the Monsoon Region.

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Rate of Iceland Sea acidification from time series measurements

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-6-5251-2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 5251-5270 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J. Olafsson ◽

S. R. Olafsdottir ◽

A. Benoit-Cattin ◽

M. Danielsen ◽

T. S. Arnarson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

North Atlantic ◽

Deep Water ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Degree Of Saturation ◽

Arctic Water ◽

Sea Floor ◽

Seawater Samples

Abstract. The Iceland Sea is one part of the Nordic Seas. Cold Arctic Water prevails there and the deep water is an important source of North Atlantic Deep Water. We have evaluated time series observations of measured pCO2 and total CO2 concentration from discrete seawater samples during 1985–2008 for changes in response to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. The surface pH in winter decreases 0.0024 yr−1, which is 50% faster than those at two subtropical time series stations, BATS and ESTOC. In the deep water regime (>1500 m), the rate of pH decline is ¼ of that observed in surface waters. The surface calcium carbonate saturation states (Ω) are about 1.5 for aragonite and 2.5 for calcite, and are about ½ those for subtropical waters. During the period 1985–2008, the degree of saturation (Ω) decreased at a rate of 0.0072 yr−1 for aragonite and 0.012 yr−1 for calcite. The aragonite saturation horizon is currently at 1750 m and rising at 4 m yr−1. Based on local hypsography, each year causes 800 km2 of sea floor, previously bathed in saturated waters, to be exposed to undersaturation conditions.

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Rate of Iceland Sea acidification from time series measurements

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-6-2661-2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (11) ◽

pp. 2661-2668 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

J. Olafsson ◽

S. R. Olafsdottir ◽

A. Benoit-Cattin ◽

M. Danielsen ◽

T. S. Arnarson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

North Atlantic ◽

Deep Water ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽

Average Rate ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Degree Of Saturation ◽

Arctic Water ◽

Seawater Samples

Abstract. The Iceland Sea is one part of the Nordic Seas. Cold Arctic Water prevails there and the deep-water is an important source of North Atlantic Deep Water. We have evaluated time series observations of measured pCO2 and total CO2 concentration from discrete seawater samples during 1985–2008 for the surface and 1994–2008 for deep-water, and following changes in response to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. The surface pH in winter decreases at a rate of 0.0024 yr−1, which is 50% faster than average yearly rates at two subtropical time series stations, BATS and ESTOC. In the deep-water regime (>1500 m), the rate of pH decline is a quarter of that observed in surface waters. The surface seawater carbonate saturation states (Ω) are about 1.5 for aragonite and 2.5 for calcite, about half of levels found in subtropical surface waters. During 1985–2008, the degree of saturation (Ω) decreased at an average rate of 0.0072 yr−1 for aragonite and 0.012 yr−1 for calcite. The aragonite saturation horizon is currently at 1710 m and shoaling at 4 m yr−1. Based on this rate of shoaling and on the local hypsography, each year another 800 km2 of seafloor becomes exposed to waters that have become undersaturated with respect to aragonite.

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