scholarly journals Prediction of Aboveground Biomass of Three Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Genotypes Using a Terrestrial Laser Scanner

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1272
Author(s):  
Tyler Adams ◽  
Richard Bruton ◽  
Henry Ruiz ◽  
Ilse Perez ◽  
Michael G. Selvaraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
World Population ◽  
Terrestrial Lidar ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Major Bottleneck ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Field Setting

Challenges in rapid prototyping are a major bottleneck for plant breeders trying to develop the needed cultivars to feed a growing world population. Remote sensing techniques, particularly LiDAR, have proven useful in the quick phenotyping of many characteristics across a number of popular crops. However, these techniques have not been demonstrated with cassava, a crop of global importance as both a source of starch as well as animal fodder. In this study, we demonstrate the applicability of using terrestrial LiDAR for the determination of cassava biomass through binned height estimations, total aboveground biomass and total leaf biomass. We also tested using single LiDAR scans versus multiple registered scans for estimation, all within a field setting. Our results show that while the binned height does not appear to be an effective method of aboveground phenotyping, terrestrial laser scanners can be a reliable tool in acquiring surface biomass data in cassava. Additionally, we found that using single scans versus multiple scans provides similarly accurate correlations in most cases, which will allow for the 3D phenotyping method to be conducted even more rapidly than expected.

scholarly journals A Normalization scheme for Terrestrial LiDAR Intensity Data by Range and Incidence Angle

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Sasidharan
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Angle ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Spectral Information ◽  
Intensity Data ◽  
Automatic Registration ◽  
Terrestrial Lidar ◽  
Intensity Information ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Normalization Scheme

Automatic registration, classification and segmentation of Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) data are of great interest in Geoinformatics & Autonomous vehicle research. Along with dense and accurate 3D geometric data, laser scanners also collect return intensity information. Inclusion of this spectral information has potential to improve the working of the above mentioned processes. However, these intensity values need to be normalized, prior to their use, as they are subject to a large number of errors. This paper presents a technique to carry out normalization of intensity values using the range and incidence angle corrections. The developed approach has been tested on a large number of data and results are found satisfactory.

Handheld Laser Scanner Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 952 (10) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
A.V. Komissarov ◽  
A.V. Remizov ◽  
M.M. Shlyakhova ◽  
K.K. Yambaev
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Site Survey ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
The Stability

The authors consider hand-held laser scanners, as a new photogrammetric tool for obtaining three-dimensional models of objects. The principle of their work and the newest optical systems based on various sensors measuring the depth of space are described in detail. The method of simultaneous navigation and mapping (SLAM) used for combining single scans into point cloud is outlined. The formulated tasks and methods for performing studies of the DotProduct (USA) hand-held laser scanner DPI?8X based on a test site survey are presented. The accuracy requirements for determining the coordinates of polygon points are given. The essence of the performed experimental research of the DPI?8X scanner is described, including scanning of a test object at various scanner distances, shooting a test polygon from various scanner positions and building point cloud, repeatedly shooting the same area of the polygon to check the stability of the scanner. The data on the assessment of accuracy and analysis of research results are given. Fields of applying hand-held laser scanners, their advantages and disadvantages are identified.

scholarly journals LiDAR-Based Glass Detection for Improved Occupancy Grid Mapping

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2263
Author(s):  
Haileleol Tibebu ◽  
Jamie Roche ◽  
Varuna De Silva ◽  
Ahmet Kondoz
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Light Detection And Ranging ◽  
Test Results ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Occupancy Grid ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Occupancy Grid Mapping ◽  
Cartesian Coordinate

Creating an accurate awareness of the environment using laser scanners is a major challenge in robotics and auto industries. LiDAR (light detection and ranging) is a powerful laser scanner that provides a detailed map of the environment. However, efficient and accurate mapping of the environment is yet to be obtained, as most modern environments contain glass, which is invisible to LiDAR. In this paper, a method to effectively detect and localise glass using LiDAR sensors is proposed. This new approach is based on the variation of range measurements between neighbouring point clouds, using a two-step filter. The first filter examines the change in the standard deviation of neighbouring clouds. The second filter uses a change in distance and intensity between neighbouring pules to refine the results from the first filter and estimate the glass profile width before updating the cartesian coordinate and range measurement by the instrument. Test results demonstrate the detection and localisation of glass and the elimination of errors caused by glass in occupancy grid maps. This novel method detects frameless glass from a long range and does not depend on intensity peak with an accuracy of 96.2%.

scholarly journals Aboveground Biomass Allocation of Boreal Shrubs and Short-Stature Trees in Northwestern Canada

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Linda Flade ◽  
Christopher Hopkinson ◽  
Laura Chasmer
Keyword(s):  
Short Stature ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Plant Component ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Allometric Models ◽  
Stem Biomass ◽  
Model Fits

In this follow-on study on aboveground biomass of shrubs and short-stature trees, we provide plant component aboveground biomass (herein ‘AGB’) as well as plant component AGB allometric models for five common boreal shrub and four common boreal short-stature tree genera/species. The analyzed plant components consist of stem, branch, and leaf organs. We found similar ratios of component biomass to total AGB for stems, branches, and leaves amongst shrubs and deciduous tree genera/species across the southern Northwest Territories, while the evergreen Picea genus differed in the biomass allocation to aboveground plant organs compared to the deciduous genera/species. Shrub component AGB allometric models were derived using the three-dimensional variable volume as predictor, determined as the sum of line-intercept cover, upper foliage width, and maximum height above ground. Tree component AGB was modeled using the cross-sectional area of the stem diameter as predictor variable, measured at 0.30 m along the stem length. For shrub component AGB, we achieved better model fits for stem biomass (60.33 g ≤ RMSE ≤ 163.59 g; 0.651 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.885) compared to leaf biomass (12.62 g ≤ RMSE ≤ 35.04 g; 0.380 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.735), as has been reported by others. For short-stature trees, leaf biomass predictions resulted in similar model fits (18.21 g ≤ RMSE ≤ 70.0 g; 0.702 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.882) compared to branch biomass (6.88 g ≤ RMSE ≤ 45.08 g; 0.736 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.923) and only slightly better model fits for stem biomass (30.87 g ≤ RMSE ≤ 11.72 g; 0.887 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.960), which suggests that leaf AGB of short-stature trees (<4.5 m) can be more accurately predicted using cross-sectional area as opposed to diameter at breast height for tall-stature trees. Our multi-species shrub and short-stature tree allometric models showed promising results for predicting plant component AGB, which can be utilized for remote sensing applications where plant functional types cannot always be distinguished. This study provides critical information on plant AGB allocation as well as component AGB modeling, required for understanding boreal AGB and aboveground carbon pools within the dynamic and rapidly changing Taiga Plains and Taiga Shield ecozones. In addition, the structural information and component AGB equations are important for integrating shrubs and short-stature tree AGB into carbon accounting strategies in order to improve our understanding of the rapidly changing boreal ecosystem function.

ARIMA modeling for forecasting land surface temperature and determination of urban heat island using remote sensing techniques for Chennai city, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Kesavan ◽  
Misba Muthian ◽  
Karuppasamy Sudalaimuthu ◽  
Shirly Sundarsingh ◽  
Saravanan Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Arima Modeling ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Chennai City

scholarly journals Metric Accuracy Evaluation of Dense Matching Algorithms in Archeological Applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Re ◽  
S. Robson ◽  
R. Roncella ◽  
M Hess
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Accuracy Evaluation ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Dense Matching ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
University College London ◽  
Archaeological Artifacts ◽  
Archaeological Objects

In the cultural heritage field the recording and documentation of small and medium size objects with very detailed Digital Surface Models (DSM) is readily possible by through the use of high resolution and high precision triangulation laser scanners. 3D surface recording of archaeological objects can be easily achieved in museums; however, this type of record can be quite expensive. In many cases photogrammetry can provide a viable alternative for the generation of DSMs. The photogrammetric procedure has some benefits with respect to laser survey. The research described in this paper sets out to verify the reconstruction accuracy of DSMs of some archaeological artifacts obtained by photogrammetric survey. The experimentation has been carried out on some objects preserved in the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology at University College London (UCL). DSMs produced by two photogrammetric software packages are compared with the digital 3D model obtained by a state of the art triangulation color laser scanner. Intercomparison between the generated DSM has allowed an evaluation of metric accuracy of the photogrammetric approach applied to archaeological documentation and of precision performances of the two software packages.

scholarly journals Research on laser stripe characteristics and center extraction algorithm for desktop laser scanner

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoquan Shi ◽  
Yazhou Sun ◽  
Haitao Liu ◽  
Linqi Bai ◽  
Chonghao Lin
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Bright Spot ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Ambient Light ◽  
Centroid Method ◽  
Laser Stripe ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Extraction Algorithm ◽  
Large Width

AbstractThis study presents laser stripe center extraction algorithm for desktop-level 3D laser scanners. The laser stripe center extraction accuracy is an important factor affecting 3D scanning result. Desktop-level devices should have adaptability of a wide range of scanning objects. In this paper, laser stripe energy distribution characteristics with different laser stripe width, ambient light, materials and colors are obtained by experiments. Experiment results show that waveforms of bright spot, low brightness stripe and stripe with large width are complex or easily disturbed, so the center extraction algorithm of them are studied. The extraction effects of extremum method, gradient method and gray centroid method under different conditions are compared. Based on traditional grayscale value, a weighted grayscale value is proposed to extract laser stripe center. Standard deviations of extracted pixel position and fitting pixel position are calculated by different method with different weighted grayscale value. For different conditions, especially for different ambient light intensity, weight matrix plays an important role to extraction result.

scholarly journals FINE REGISTRATION OF KILO-STATION NETWORKS - A MODERN PROCEDURE FOR TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING DATA SETS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B5 ◽  
pp. 485-492
Author(s):  
J.-F. Hullo
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Information Models ◽  
3D Network ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Fine Registration

We propose a complete methodology for the fine registration and referencing of kilo-station networks of terrestrial laser scanner data currently used for many valuable purposes such as 3D as-built reconstruction of Building Information Models (BIM) or industrial asbuilt mock-ups. This comprehensive target-based process aims to achieve the global tolerance below a few centimetres across a 3D network including more than 1,000 laser stations spread over 10 floors. This procedure is particularly valuable for 3D networks of indoor congested environments. In situ, the use of terrestrial laser scanners, the layout of the targets and the set-up of a topographic control network should comply with the expert methods specific to surveyors. Using parametric and reduced Gauss-Helmert models, the network is expressed as a set of functional constraints with a related stochastic model. During the post-processing phase inspired by geodesy methods, a robust cost function is minimised. At the scale of such a data set, the complexity of the 3D network is beyond comprehension. The surveyor, even an expert, must be supported, in his analysis, by digital and visual indicators. In addition to the standard indicators used for the adjustment methods, including Baarda’s reliability, we introduce spectral analysis tools of graph theory for identifying different types of errors or a lack of robustness of the system as well as <i>in fine</i> documenting the quality of the registration.

scholarly journals Design and characterization of specMACS, a multipurpose hyperspectral cloud and sky imager

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 2015-2042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Ewald ◽  
Tobias Kölling ◽  
Andreas Baumgartner ◽  
Tobias Zinner ◽  
Bernhard Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Software Design ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
Central Wavelength ◽  
Laboratory Characterization ◽  
Research Aircraft ◽  
Sky Imager ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Shortwave Infrared

Abstract. The new spectrometer of the Munich Aerosol Cloud Scanner (specMACS) is a multipurpose hyperspectral cloud and sky imager designated, but is not limited to investigations of cloud–aerosol interactions in Earth's atmosphere. With its high spectral and spatial resolution, the instrument is designed to measure solar radiation in the visible and shortwave infrared region that is reflected from, or transmitted through clouds and aerosol layers. It is based on two hyperspectral cameras that measure in the solar spectral range between 400 and 2500 nm with a spectral bandwidth between 2.5 and 12.0 nm. The instrument was operated in ground-based campaigns as well as aboard the German High Altitude LOng Range (HALO) research aircraft, e.g., during the ACRIDICON-CHUVA campaign in Brazil during summer 2014. This paper describes the specMACS instrument hardware and software design and characterizes the instrument performance. During the laboratory characterization of the instrument, the radiometric response as well as the spatial and spectral resolution was assessed. Since the instrument is primarily intended for retrievals of atmospheric quantities by inversion of radiative models using measured radiances, a focus is placed on the determination of its radiometric response. Radiometric characterization was possible for both spectrometers, with an absolute accuracy of 3 % at their respective central wavelength regions. First measurements are presented which demonstrate the wide applicability of the instrument. They show that key demands are met regarding the radiometric and spectral accuracy which is required for the intended remote sensing techniques.

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