Multi-Robot Interfaces and Operator Situational Awareness: Study of the Impact of Immersion and Prediction

The events of September 2001, 2001, plus the events' technical and political aftermath have helped to identify an unfortunate lack of research into building evacuation. The relative dearth of research is ironic given evacuation's central role in mitigation for a range of emergencies and its prominence in environmental design requirements in building codes and standards. The field of human factors has much to offer, for example, in a philosophical or strategic focus on human-centered design as well in more-prosaic issues such as exit stair width and handrail provision. Much of the available research addresses fairly low-level ergonomic issues such as exit stair width in relation to egress capacity and the impact on evacuation time. in addition to more-sophisticated research into the relatively simple issues, ahead lies more-difficult research relating to strategic issues and the provision of information to building occupants in emergencies, occupants' situational awareness generally, and the many social interactions—in seldom-considered environmental contexts—that are at the heart of major evacuations of large buildings such as in the case of the World Trade Center.

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Adaptive and Immersive Interfaces to Improve Situational Awareness in Multi-Robot Missions

10.20868/upm.thesis.52353 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Juan Jesús Roldán Gómez

Keyword(s):

Situational Awareness ◽

Multi Robot

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New Earth-space infrastructures enable full-scale monitoring capability

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-15343 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Eija Tanskanen ◽

Tero Raita ◽

Joni Tammi ◽

Jouni Pulliainen ◽

Hannu Koivula ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Situational Awareness ◽

Full Scale ◽

The Arctic ◽

Environment Change ◽

Earth Space ◽

Earth Environment ◽

Internal Sources ◽

Space Environments ◽

The Impact

<p>The near-Earth environment is continuously changing by disturbances from external and internal sources. A combined research ecosystem is needed to be able to monitor short- and long-term changes and mitigate their societal effects. Observatories and large-scale infrastructures are the best way to guarantee continuous 24/7 observations and full-scale monitoring capability. Sodankyl&#228; Geophysical Observatory takes care of continuous geoenvironmental monitoring in Finland and together with national infrastructures such as FIN-EPOS and E2S enable extending and expanding the monitoring capability. European Plate Observing System of Finland (FIN-EPOS) and flexible instrument network of FIN-EPOS (FLEX-EPOS) will create a national pool of instruments including geophysical instruments targeted for solving topical questions of solid Earth physics. Scientific and new hardware building by FLEX-EPOS is essential in order to identify and reduce the impact of seismic, magnetic and geodetic hazards and understand the underlying processes.</p><p>&#160;</p><p>New national infrastructure Earth-Space Research Ecosystem (E2S) will combine measurements from atmosphere to near-Earth and distant space. This combined infrastructure will enable resolving how the Arctic environment change over the seasons, years, decades and centuries. We target our joint efforts to improve the situational awareness in the near-Earth and space environments, and in the Arctic for enhancing safety on ground and in space. This presentation will give details on the large-scale Earth-space infrastructures and research ecosystems and will give examples on how they can improve the safety of society.</p>

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Impact of Detector Configuration on Performance Measurement and Signal Operations

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198120912244 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2674 (4) ◽

pp. 300-313

Author(s):

A. M. Tahsin Emtenan ◽

Christopher M. Day

Keyword(s):

Performance Measures ◽

Situational Awareness ◽

Performance Measure ◽

Detection Zone ◽

Zone Length ◽

Single Detector ◽

Detector Configurations ◽

Proxy Measurement ◽

The Impact ◽

Signal Operations

In recent years, automated traffic signal performance measures (ATSPMs) have emerged as a means of developing situational awareness of traffic conditions at intersections and assessing the quality of signal operations. As a growing number of agencies are adopting the technology, there is a need to understand how detector configurations can influence the outcomes of an analysis using ATSPM. Current practices with regard to detector configuration vary considerably from one agency to another; at one extreme, agencies may use one single detector input channel per phase without considering where the detectors are located, whereas at the other extreme, some agencies may utilize all possible channels to observe each individual lane at multiple positions. There are also variations in the design of detection zones (lengths and positions). This study takes on the problem in two parts. The first of these examines the impact of stop bar detection zone length and lane- or approach-based detector assignment on the ability of performance measures to identify accurately whether split failures occur. The second part examines the impact of setback detector distance on the use of a “percentage on green” metric that serves as a proxy measurement of the number of stops. The paper presents recommendations for performance measure calibrations and detector configurations that follow from these outcomes.

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Voice Communication Systems Impact on Navigating Officers

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse8030197 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 197 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lovro Maglić ◽

Sanjin Valčić ◽

Ana Gundić ◽

Livia Maglić

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Communication Systems ◽

Situational Awareness ◽

Subjective Assessment ◽

Average Frequency ◽

Voice Communication ◽

New Process ◽

Almost All ◽

Voice Calls ◽

The Impact

The tasks of an officer of the watch (OOW) on complex ships during navigation in coastal areas may be very challenging. Almost all the tasks require substantial information processing and timely decision making. Every distracting element should be avoided during navigation. Every call, made through any communication system, activates a new process that the OOW needs to conduct. The new process may interrupt a previously started task. In case of too many incoming calls, the workload of the OOW may increase significantly, thus, their situational awareness may be compromised and the risk of errors may increase. The objective of this research was to analyze the impact of incoming voice calls on the OOW. The research methods used include a questionnaire survey and a series of interviews with experienced officers. The main outcomes refer to the average frequency of incoming calls, duration of conversations and subjective assessment of their influence. The results indicate that, during one watch, an officer needs to answer 14 calls that last 16.19 min altogether. However, the officers consider 45% of calls made during watch keeping as distracting. A possible call management system with the aim to reduce distractions made by low priority calls is proposed in this paper.

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The Impact of an Escape Room Simulation to Improve Nursing Teamwork, Leadership and Communication Skills: A Pilot Project

Simulation & Gaming ◽

10.1177/1046878120972738 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 104687812097273

Author(s):

Beatriz Valdes ◽

Mary Mckay ◽

Jill S. Sanko

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Situational Awareness ◽

Teaching Method ◽

Leadership Skills ◽

Pilot Project ◽

Management Tool ◽

Critical Skills ◽

Post Test ◽

Reflective Questions ◽

The Impact

Background. Commercial escape room simulation-based educational experiences were piloted on a cohort of ten RN-BSN students to determine the effect on mastery of communication, leadership, and teamwork skills. Methods. Pre-test/post-test research design and qualitative questions were used to measure the impact of an escape room simulation activity on teamwork, communication, and leadership skills. The Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety® Teamwork Attitudes Questionnaire, and self reported levels of confidence and competence questionnaire were administered pre/post escape room simulation to measure communication, team structure and leadership skills. The University of Miami-Crisis Resource Management tool was utilized to measure observed teamwork. Additionally, four open-ended qualitative self-reflective questions were asked following the escape room. Results. Data from the analysis of the pre and post observations of simulation encounters found statistically significant time dependent differences noting improvements in observed teamwork and leadership, p <.001, pre-mean 18.5, post-mean 35.0. Qualitative data revealed the participants found the escape room simulation to be an engaging teaching method to master teamwork and leadership skills. Conclusion. This pilot study sets the foundation for future use and exploration of escape room experiences to teach teamwork, communication, leadership and situational awareness. Following the escape room simulation, observed improvements in teamwork and leadership were found. Participants found the escape room activity to be an engaging experiential teaching method to promote attainment of critical skills needed to work as an effective member of a team. Study findings suggest that the use of an escape room can impart experiential learning with critical skills needed to work as an effective member of a team. As a result of this pilot study, nursing faculty developed an escape room simulation experience that was initiated the following semester.

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On the development and operationalization of an impact-based forecasting system to support early action for river floods in Zambia

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-19559 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Stefania Giodini ◽

Aklilu Teklesadik ◽

Jannis Visser ◽

Orla Canavan ◽

Innocent Bwalya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Warning ◽

Situational Awareness ◽

Warning System ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Emergency Operation ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Red Cross ◽

Early Action ◽

Local Decision ◽

The Impact

<div>Flooding in Zambia occurs on almost an annual basis greatly affecting the livelihoods of communities. Early action is crucial to mitigate the impact of flooding but needs to be guided by an early warning that is credible and actionable, linked to situational awareness based on data.&#160;&#160;The 510 data team at the Netherlands Red Cross has been working together with the Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, Zambia Red Cross Society, Water Resources Management Authority (WARMA) and Zambia Disaster Management and Mitigation Unit (DMMU) to develop a data driven early warning system to support impact based early action implementation. The system has been co-designed with the relevant local stakeholders and&#160;&#160;integrates a hydrological model with a vulnerability capacity assessment based on secondary data for the whole country at the highest level of possible granularity (district level). A threshold based trigger model has been developed together with local decision makers to activate the system with a lead time up to 7 days. The system is being integrated in the Emergency Operation Centre operated by Zambia's DMMU as a part of the country standard early action protocol. This paper describes the system design, results from the first activations and lessons learned.&#160;</div>

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ShakeCast: Automating and Improving the Use of ShakeMap for Post-Earthquake Decision-Making and Response

Earthquake Spectra ◽

10.1193/1.2923924 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 533-553 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

David Wald ◽

Kuo-Wan Lin ◽

Keith Porter ◽

Loren Turner

Keyword(s):

Situational Awareness ◽

Public Information ◽

Public And Private ◽

Intensity Measures ◽

Web Based ◽

Emergency Responders ◽

Emergency Managers ◽

Damage Maps ◽

Potential Damage ◽

The Impact

When a potentially damaging earthquake occurs, utility and other lifeline managers, emergency responders, and other critical users have an urgent need for information about the impact on their particular facilities so they can make appropriate decisions and take quick actions to ensure safety and restore system functionality. ShakeMap, a tool used to portray the extent of potentially damaging shaking following an earthquake, on its own can be useful for emergency response, loss estimation, and public information. However, to take full advantage of the potential of ShakeMap, we introduce ShakeCast. ShakeCast facilitates the complicated assessment of potential damage to a user's widely distributed facilities by comparing the complex shaking distribution with the potentially highly variable damageability of their inventory to provide a simple, hierarchical list and maps of structures or facilities most likely impacted. ShakeCast is a freely available, post-earthquake situational awareness application that automatically retrieves earthquake shaking data from ShakeMap, compares intensity measures against users’ facilities, sends notifications of potential damage to responsible parties, and generates facility damage maps and other Web-based products for both public and private emergency managers and responders.

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Enabling Next-Generation Public Safety Operations with Mission-Critical Networks and Wearable Applications

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21175790 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (17) ◽

pp. 5790

Author(s):

Salwa Saafi ◽

Jiri Hosek ◽

Aneta Kolackova

Keyword(s):

Communication Networks ◽

Public Safety ◽

Situational Awareness ◽

Next Generation ◽

Novel Technologies ◽

Life Saving ◽

Mission Critical ◽

Reliability Performance ◽

The Impact ◽

Public Safety Networks

Public safety agencies have been working on the modernization of their communication networks and the enhancement of their mission-critical capabilities with novel technologies and applications. As part of these efforts, migrating from traditional land mobile radio (LMR) systems toward cellular-enabled, next-generation, mission-critical networks is at the top of these agencies’ agendas. In this paper, we provide an overview of cellular technologies ratified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to enable next-generation public safety networks. On top of using wireless communication technologies, emergency first responders need to be equipped with advanced devices to develop situational awareness. Therefore, we introduce the concept of the Internet of Life-Saving Things (IoLST) and focus on the role of wearable devices—more precisely, cellular-enabled wearables, in creating new solutions for enhanced public safety operations. Finally, we conduct a performance evaluation of wearable-based, mission-critical applications. So far, most of the mission-critical service evaluations target latency performance without taking into account reliability requirements. In our evaluation, we examine the impact of device- and application-related parameters on the latency and the reliability performance. We also identify major future considerations for better support of the studied requirements in next-generation public safety networks.

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GNSS Interference Characterization and Localization Using OpenSky ADS-B Data

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2020059010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

Zixi Liu ◽

Sherman Lo ◽

Todd Walter

Keyword(s):

Convex Optimization ◽

San Francisco ◽

Source Localization ◽

Situational Awareness ◽

San Francisco Bay Area ◽

Satellite System ◽

Navigation Satellite ◽

Bay Area ◽

Global Navigation Satellite ◽

The Impact

There is a growing dependence of critical and safety-of-life systems on the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). GNSS interference events can cause severe impacts on aircraft safety, including unavailability of GNSS-based landing services. Therefore, it is important to be able to identify, localize, and remove interference sources that may cause these impacts. This project concentrates on events that affect the the airport environment and aims to provide improved situational awareness and safety for local airspace users. This paper contains three main sections: OpenSky ADS-B data processing, interference event characterization, and interference source localization. Specifically, we identified and removed incorrect timestamps from ADS-B ground receivers. We characterized the impact of interference events based on reported interference events that occurred at a San Francisco bay area airport. In addition, we designed a convex optimization model for localizing the interference sources given the ADS-B measurement. This article looks at common characteristics caused by the impact of interference events and shows a possible way to localize interference sources using ADS-B data.

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