scholarly journals Bend and Moisture Effects on the Performance of a U-Shaped Slotted Wearable Antenna for Off-Body Communications in an Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) 2.4 GHz Band

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanchez-Montero ◽  
Lopez-Espi ◽  
Alen-Cordero ◽  
Martinez-Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Geometrical Shape ◽  
Substrate Thickness ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Wearable Antenna ◽  
Wearable Antennas ◽  
Moisture Effects ◽  
Textile Antenna ◽  
Selection Of

In recent years, the study and design of wearable antennas have been empowered given the success of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) for healthcare and medical purposes. This work analyses a flexible textile antenna whose performance can be optimised by the careful selection of the substrate thickness of the textile material, and by varying the antenna’s geometrical shape. After considering these parameters, several arrangements of antennas were simulated using the Computer Simulation Technology software (CST). The results of the simulations were compared to the experimental prototypes manufactured on a flexible felt material for a range of thicknesses and curvatures of the antenna substrate. Such antenna designs can be utilised in off-body communications and ISM applications.

scholarly journals BENDING AND CRUMPLING DEFORMATION STUDY OF THE RESONANT CHARACTERISTIC AND SAR FOR A 2.4 GHZ TEXTILE ANTENNA

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norfatin Akma Elias ◽  
Noor Asmawati Samsuri ◽  
Mohamad Kamal A Rahim ◽  
Chinthana Panagamuwa ◽  
Will Whittow
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Body Area Network ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Geometrical Shape ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Wearable Antennas ◽  
Textile Antenna ◽  
Resonant Characteristic

Over recent years, there has been an explosive growth of interest in the development of flexible wearable antennas due to rapid growth in Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) applications. However, the antenna is subjected to deformation when being worn by users. Therefore, it is compulsory to analyze the absorption of electromagnetic (EM) radiation and the antenna performances as a function of the deformation conditions since the antenna is not in its normal flat conditions anymore. In this paper, two types of deformations; bending and crumpling are analyzed by means of CST Microwave Studio. The peak SAR10g demonstrates increment up to 65.7 % and 48.7 % under bending and crumpling deformation respectively. Moreover, the crumpling is more sensitive to the geometrical shape and composition of the exposed body area if compared to bending. Moreover, the detuning effects of the resonant frequency are more significant for crumpling cases.

A NOVEL EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE FOR DIGITIZING FLEXIBLE WEARABLE ANTENNAS FOR BODY AREA NETWORKS (BANS)

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (4-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Babar Kamal ◽  
Sadiq Ullah ◽  
Shahbaz Khan
Keyword(s):  
Body Movement ◽  
Body Area Networks ◽  
Conducting Material ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Smart Clothing ◽  
Wearable Antenna ◽  
Wearable Antennas ◽  
Multi Band

 This paper considers the performance of a square microstrip patch antenna designed from two layers of non-flexible conducting material (copper) separated by foam or other material which is deformable and having an approximate relative permittivity, εr≈ 1. The antenna can be incorporated into smart clothing for multi band reception and transmission in Body Area Networks (BANs). An empirical technique is presented for obtaining the shape of the antenna when it has been deformed due to body movement or by applying force at two adjacent edges. The reflection coefficient, radiation pattern and surface currents of the wearable antenna under consideration are analyzed under various bending conditions. It is found that H-plane bending did not significantly affect performance of the patch. The antenna can be used in multi-band body worn wireless applications.  

scholarly journals Flexible Wearable Antennas for Body Area Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1561-1565
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Surface Wave ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Antenna Design ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Wearable Antenna ◽  
Wearable Antennas

In recent years, wearable antenna design has grossed research interest amongst academicians and researchers due to its versatile application in body area networks for transmitting/receiving signals in sufficiently large areassuch as ICU, trauma centers in hospitals for biomedical applications at ISM (2.45 GHz) frequency range. A wearable antenna is highly flexible in nature making it popular and demanding. What makes it even more suitable for biomedical applications is its simple design methodology and ease of integrationonpatient's dress/clothes for antenna placement in wireless communication. This paper presents a thorough investigation of various antennadesign methodologies to design a flexible wearable antenna that can be mounted on textile material for body-centric wireless communication. The traditional antenna design uses non-flexible substrate materials (such as FR-4, RT duriod, foam, etc..) having medium to high dielectric constant. This results in generation of surface wave losses which reduces antenna transmission capabilities. Flexible wearable antennas, on the contrary, uses ordinary textile materials used as a substrate whose dielectric constant is very low thereby providingreduced surface wave losses. As wearable antennas are mounted on textile fabrics it is possible to use these antennas to implant them on patients’ bodies(inside/outside on the clothes) for transmitting the patients’ body parameters (such as body temperate, heart rate, etc..) measured using various sensors/transducers. In this paper,a thorough review of different types of substrate materialsused for designing flexible wearable antennas is done.

The effect of a metamaterial-based wearable microstrip patch antenna on the human body

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 796-800
Author(s):  
Erkan Tetik ◽  
Gamze D. Tetik
Keyword(s):  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Negative Refractive Index ◽  
Microstrip Patch Antenna ◽  
Military Health ◽  
Wearable Antenna ◽  
Microstrip Patch ◽  
Wearable Antennas ◽  
Textile Antenna ◽  
Communication Devices ◽  
Absorbed Power

Body-worn communication devices have attracted much attention due to their wide applications. In this regard, various wearable antennas that have lots of advantages have been designed by researchers in recent years. Metamaterials that have negative refractive index can also be used in the wearable antenna designs because they have an ability to eliminate harmful health effects. In this study, a metamaterial-based wearable microstrip patch textile antenna operating in industrial, scientific, and medical bands was designed and simulated. The radiation values of this antenna were analyzed. Then metamaterial-based electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure and wearable antenna integration was designed. Two different integrated antenna designs (3 × 3 and 5 × 3) were proposed. We obtained the performances of these antenna designs and calculated the specific absorption rate (SAR) values. We calculated the absorbed power 48.8, 0.167, and 0.0485 W/kg for 10 g tissue of wearable microstrip patch antenna, EBG integrated wearable antenna with 3 × 3 design, and EBG integrated wearable antenna with 5 × 3 design, respectively. Because the SAR values of the EBG integrated wearable antenna designs are well below the standard values, we can say that the designs proposed in the study can be used in many areas, such as military, health monitoring, and wireless communication.

Afterword

2020 ◽  
pp. 680-683
Author(s):  
Janice L. Waldron ◽  
Stephanie Horsley ◽  
Kari K. Veblen
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Social Media Use ◽  
Pedagogical Tools ◽  
The Future ◽  
User Data ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Data Surface

We all feel the implications of the force of social media—for good and for ill—in our lives and in our professional world. At the time of this writing, Facebook continues with its struggle to “clean up its act” as more revelations surrounding breaches of trust and hacked user data surface in the news and various countries attempt to hold Facebook to account. Despite this, social media use continues to grow exponentially, and the potential for responsible, ethical, and transparent social media to transform the ways in which we interact with and learn from each other increase with it. As we wait to see what the future holds for social media in society, we are reminded once again that it is the careful selection of pedagogical tools such as social media, as well the guided awareness of the challenges and benefits of those tools, that remains constant, even as tools may change, disappear, or fall out of fashion.

scholarly journals New Compact Wearable Metamaterials Circular Patch Antennas for IoT, Medical and 5G Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Albert Sabban
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Patch Antennas ◽  
Antenna Feed ◽  
Circular Patch ◽  
Wearable Antenna ◽  
Wearable Antennas ◽  
Feed Network ◽  
Line Design

The development of compact passive and active wearable circular patch metamaterials antennas for communication, Internet of Things (IoT) and biomedical systems is presented in this paper. Development of compact efficient low-cost wearable antennas are one of the most significant challenges in development of wearable communication, IoT and medical systems. Moreover, the advantage of an integrated compact low-cost feed network is attained by integrating the antenna feed network with the antennas on the same printed board. The efficiency of communication systems may be increased by using efficient passive and active antennas. The system dynamic range may be improved by connecting amplifiers to the printed antenna feed line. Design, design considerations, computed and measured results of wearable circular patch meta-materials antennas with high efficiency for 5G, IoT and biomedical applications are presented in this paper. The circular patch antennas electrical parameters on the human body were analyzed by using commercial full-wave software. The circular patch metamaterial wearable antennas are compact and flexible. The directivity and gain of the antennas with Circular Split-Ring Resonators (CSRR) is higher by 2.5dB to 3dB than the antennas without CSRR. The resonant frequency of the antennas without CSRR is higher by 6% to 9% than the antennas with CSRR. The computed and measured bandwidth of the stacked circular patch wearable antenna with CSRR for IoT and medical applications is around 12%, for S11 lover than −6dB. The gain of the circular patch wearable antenna with CSRR is around 8dBi.

Catacomb culture wagons of the Eurasian steppes

Antiquity ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (340) ◽  
pp. 378-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.I. Shishlina ◽  
D.S. Kovalev ◽  
E.R. Ibragimova
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Catacomb Culture

The origin and development of wheeled vehicles continues to fascinate today no less than when Stuart Piggott (1974) first wrote about the subject inAntiquity40 years ago. A growing number of examples from the steppes of southern Russia and Ukraine are providing new insights into the design and construction of these complex artefacts. A recent example from the Ulan IV burial mound illustrates the techniques employed and the mastery of materials, with careful selection of the kinds of wood used for the wheels, axles and other elements. Stable isotope analysis of the individual interred in this grave showed that he had travelled widely, emphasising the mobility of steppe populations.

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