scholarly journals Sensitivity of Piezoelectric-Based Smart Interfaces to Structural Damage in Bolted Connections

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 3670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huynh ◽  
Ho ◽  
Dang ◽  
Kim
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Bolted Connection ◽  
Monitoring Technique ◽  
Damage Monitoring ◽  
Connection System ◽  
Detection Capabilities ◽  
Bolt Loosening

This study presents a set of experimental and numerical investigations to study the sensitivity of the piezoelectric-based smart interface device to structural damage in a bolted connection. The study aims to identify the proper geometric sizes of smart interfaces for damage detection tasks. First, the fundamentals of the damage monitoring technique via lead zirconate titanate(PZT) interface is briefly described for a bolted connection. Second, a lab-scaled girder connection is selected as the test structure for the experimental investigation. PZT interface prototypes with varying geometric sizes are designed for the test connection. Under the bolt-loosening inflicted in the connection, the impedance responses of the PZT interfaces are analyzed to understand the effect of geometric parameters on the damage sensitivity of the impedance responses. Subsequently, the bolt-loosening detection capabilities of the PZT interfaces are comparatively evaluated for identifying the proper geometric sizes of the devices. Finally, a finite element model of the PZT interface-bolted connection system is established for the numerical investigation. The damage sensitivity of the numerical impedance responses is compared with the experimental results for the verification.

scholarly journals Sensing Region Characteristics of Smart Piezoelectric Interface for Damage Monitoring in Plate-Like Structures

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh-Canh Huynh ◽  
So-Young Lee ◽  
Ngoc-Loi Dang ◽  
Jeong-Tae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Fe Analysis ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Experimental Examination ◽  
Bolted Connection ◽  
Damage Location ◽  
Damage Monitoring ◽  
Piezoelectric Devices ◽  
Plate System

For impedance-based damage detection practices, the sensing range of piezoelectric devices is an important parameter that should be determined before real implementations. This study presents numerical and experimental analyses for characterizing the sensing region of a smart PZT (lead–zirconate–titanate) interface for damage monitoring in plate-like structures. First, a finite element (FE) model of the PZT interface mounted on a plate structure is established. The impedance responses of the PZT interface are numerically simulated under different damage locations inflicted in the plate domain. The impedance features are extracted from the impedance signatures to analyze the sensing distance and the damage detectability of the PZT interface. Next, the splice plate of a bolted connection is selected as a practical plate-like structure for the experimental examination of the PZT interface’s sensing region on a limited plate domain. The damage sensitivity behavior of the PZT interface is analyzed with respect to the damage location on the splice plate. An FE analysis of the corresponding PZT interface-splice plate system is also conducted to support the experimental results.

Piezoelectric sensor–based damage progression in concrete through serial/parallel multi-sensing technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balamonica K ◽  
Jothi Saravanan T ◽  
Bharathi Priya C ◽  
Gopalakrishnan N
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Structural Damage Detection ◽  
Retrieval Process ◽  
Zirconate Titanate ◽  
In Series

Structural damage detection using unmanned Structural Health Monitoring techniques is becoming the need of the day with the technologies available presently. Sensors made of Lead Zirconate Titanate materials, due to their simplicity and robustness, are increasingly used as an effective monitoring sensor in Structural Health Monitoring. Continuous monitoring of the structures using Lead Zirconate Titanate sensors often results in a laborious data retrieval process due to the large amount of signal generated. To speed up the data retrieval process, a multi-sensing technique in which the Lead Zirconate Titanate patches are connected in series and parallel is proposed for structural damage detection. The proposed method is validated using an experimental investigation carried out on a reinforced concrete beam embedded with smart Lead Zirconate Titanate sensor units. The beam is subjected to damage, and the location of damage is identified using conductance signatures obtained from patches sensed individually and through multiplexing. This article proposes an effective methodology for selection of patches to be connected in series/parallel to maximise the efficiency of damage detection. Damage quantification using conventional statistical metrics such as root mean square deviation, mean absolute percentage deviation and cross correlations are found to be ineffective in identifying the location of damage from the multiplexed signatures. In turn, dynamic metrics such as moving root mean square deviation, moving mean absolute percentage deviation and moving cross correlation with overlapped moving blocks of data are proposed in the present work and their ability to detect the damage location from multiplexed signatures is discussed.

Interfacial debonding detection in fiber-reinforced polymer rebar–reinforced concrete using electro-mechanical impedance technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijie Li ◽  
Shuli Fan ◽  
Siu Chun Michael Ho ◽  
Jianchao Wu ◽  
Gangbing Song
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Mechanical Impedance ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Monitoring Technique

For reinforced concrete structures, the use of fiber-reinforced polymer rebars to replace the steel reinforcement is a topic that is receiving increasing attention, especially where corrosion is a serious issue. However, fiber-reinforced polymer rebar–reinforced concrete always carries the risk of structural failure initiated from the debonding damage that might occur at the reinforcement–concrete interface. This study employed an electro-mechanical impedance–based structural health monitoring technique by applying lead–zirconate–titanate ceramic patches to detect the debonding damage of a carbon fiber–reinforced polymer rebar reinforced concrete. In the experimental study, a carbon fiber–reinforced polymer rebar reinforced concrete specimen was fabricated and it was subjected to a pullout test to initiate the debonding damage at the reinforcement–concrete interface. The impedance and admittance signatures were measured from an impedance analyzer according to the different debonding conditions between the reinforcement and the concrete. Statistical damage metrics, root-mean-square deviation and mean absolute percentage deviation, were used to quantify the changes in impedance signatures measured at the lead–zirconate–titanate patches due to debonding conditions. The results illustrated the capability of the electro-mechanical impedance–based structural health monitoring technique for detecting the debonding damage of fiber-reinforced polymer rebar–reinforced concrete structures.

Structural Parameters Identification Using PZT Sensors and Genetic Algorithms

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Yao Wen Yang ◽  
Ai Wei Miao
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Mechanical Impedance ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Optimal Values

Piezoelectric ceramic lead zirconate titanate (PZT) based electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) technique for structural health monitoring (SHM) has been successfully applied to various engineering systems [1-5]. In the traditional EMI method, statistical analysis methods such as root mean square deviation indices of the PZT electromechanical (EM) admittance are used as damage indicator, which is difficult to specify the effect of damage on structural properties. This paper proposes to use the genetic algorithms (GAs) to identify the structural parameters according to the changes in the PZT admittance signature. The basic principle is that structural damage, especially local damage, is typically related to changes in the structural physical parameters. Therefore, to recognize the changes of structural parameters is an effective way to assess the structural damage. Towards this goal, a model of driven point PZT EM admittance is established. In this model, the dynamic behavior of the structure is represented by a multiple degree of freedom (DOF) system. The EM admittance is formulated as a function of excitation frequency and the unknown structural parameters, i.e., the mass, stiffness and the damping coefficient of many single DOF elements. Using the GAs, the optimal values of structural parameters in the model can be back-calculated such that the EM admittance matches the target value. In practice, the target admittance is measured from experiments. In this paper, we use the calculated one as the target. For damage assessment, these optimal values obtained before and after the appearance of structural damage can be compared to study the effects of damage on the structural properties, which are specified to be stiffness and damping in this study. Furthermore, the identified structural parameters could be used to predict the remaining loading capacity of the structure, which serves the purpose for damage prognosis.

Experimental investigations on seismic damage monitoring of concrete dams using distributed lead zirconate titanate sensor network

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Xin Feng ◽  
Zhe Fan ◽  
Shuang Hou ◽  
Tong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Earthquake Ground Motion ◽  
Concrete Dams ◽  
Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Damage Monitoring

Seismic damage detection of concrete dams has always attracted much attention in hydraulic structure community. In this article, a novel seismic damage detection system was developed to perform seismic damage monitoring in concrete dams. As its importance in achieving the dam damage detection, the arrangement of a distributed lead zirconate titanate sensor network was introduced in detail. A dam model system with a distributed lead zirconate titanate sensor network was used as an object for verification. A shaking table was used to simulate the earthquake ground motion for the object to be tested. The seismic damage detection system could be used in not only the seismic damage process monitoring by measuring the dynamic stress history but also the distributed detecting of the dam damaged region. By analyzing the sensor signals, the emergence and development of the structural damages could be monitored timely. A damage index matrix was presented to evaluate the damage status of the dam in different paths. The experimental results verified the timeliness and the effectiveness of the proposed method.

scholarly journals A Feasibility Study on Timber Moisture Monitoring Using Piezoceramic Transducer-Enabled Active Sensing

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 3100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jicheng Zhang ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Yongshui Huang ◽  
Jinwei Jiang ◽  
Siu-Chun Ho
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Stress Wave ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Wave Attenuation ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Active Sensing ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
Piezoceramic Transducer

In recent years, the piezoceramic transducer-enabled active sensing technique has been extensively applied to structural damage detection and health monitoring, in civil engineering. Being abundant and renewable, timber has been widely used as a building material in many countries. However, one of the more challenging applications of timber, in construction, is the potential damage caused by moisture. Increased moisture may cause easier warping of timber components and encourage corrosion of integrated metal members, on top of potentially causing rot and decay. However, despite numerous efforts to inspect and monitor the moisture content of timber, there lacks a method that can provide truly real time, quantitative, and non-invasive measurement of timber moisture. Thus, the research presented in this paper investigated the feasibility of moisture-content monitoring using an active sensing approach, as enabled by a pair of the Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) transducers bonded on the surface of a timber specimen. Using a pair of transducers in an active sensing scheme, one patch generated a designed stress wave, while another patch received the signal. While the active sensing was active, the moisture content of the timber specimen was gradually increased from 0% to 60% with 10% increments. The material properties of the timber correspondingly changed under varying timber moisture content, resulting in a measurable differential in stress wave attenuation rates among the different specimens used. The experimental results indicated that the received signal energy and the moisture content of the timber specimens show a parabolic relationship. Finally, the feasibility and reliability of the presented method, for monitoring timber moisture content, are discussed.

scholarly journals Advanced Ultrasonic Structural Monitoring of Waveguides

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 477-482
Author(s):  
M. Cammarata ◽  
D. Dutta ◽  
Hoon Sohn ◽  
P. Rizzo ◽  
Kent A. Harries
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Linear Method ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Nonlinear Acoustics ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Cross Sectional

Ultrasonic Guided Waves (UGWs) are a useful tool in those structural health monitoring applications that can benefit from built-in transduction, moderately large inspection ranges and high sensitivity to small flaws. This paper describes two methods, based on linear and nonlinear acoustics for structural damage detection based on UGWs. The linear method combine the advantages of UGW inspection with the outcomes of the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) that is used for extracting defect-sensitive features that can be combined to perform a multivariate diagnosis of damage. In particular, the DWT is exploited to generate a set of relevant wavelet coefficients to construct a uni-dimensional or multi-dimensional damage index that, in turn is fed to an outlier algorithm to detect anomalous structural states. The nonlinear acoustics method exploits the circumstance that a cracked medium exhibits high acoustic nonlinearity which is manifested as harmonics in the power spectrum of the received signal. Experimental results also indicate that the harmonic components increase non-linearly in magnitude with increasing amplitude of the input signal. The proposed nonlinear technique identifies the presence of cracks by looking at the harmonics and their nonlinear relationship to the input amplitude. The general framework presented in this paper is applied to the detection of fatigue cracks in an I-shaped steel beam. The probing hardware consists of Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) materials used for both ultrasound generation and detection at chosen frequency. The effectiveness of the proposed methods for the structural diagnosis of defects that are small compared to the waveguide cross-sectional area is discussed.

Convergent-bceam diffraction studies on lead zirconate titanate Ceramics

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 482-483
Author(s):  
M.L.A. Dass ◽  
T.A. Bielicki ◽  
G. Thomas ◽  
T. Yamamoto ◽  
K. Okazaki
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Direct Proof ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Subsolidus Phase ◽  
Pzt Ceramics ◽  
Subsolidus Phase Diagram ◽  
Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Cbd Method ◽  
Titanate Ceramics

Lead zirconate titanate, Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT), ceramics are ferroelectrics formed as solid solutions between ferroelectric PbTiO3 and ant iferroelectric PbZrO3. The subsolidus phase diagram is shown in figure 1. PZT transforms between the Ti-rich tetragonal (T) and the Zr-rich rhombohedral (R) phases at a composition which is nearly independent of temperature. This phenomenon is called morphotropism, and the boundary between the two phases is known as the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). The excellent piezoelectric and dielectric properties occurring at this composition are believed to.be due to the coexistence of T and R phases, which results in easy poling (i.e. orientation of individual grain polarizations in the direction of an applied electric field). However, there is little direct proof of the coexistence of the two phases at the MPB, possibly because of the difficulty of distinguishing between them. In this investigation a CBD method was found which would successfully differentiate between the phases, and this was applied to confirm the coexistence of the two phases.

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