Textile Based Electrochromic Cells Prepared with PEDOT: PSS and Gelled Electrolyte

Electrochromic devices can act as passive displays. They change their color when a low voltage is applied. Flexible and bendable hybrid textile-film electrochromic devices with poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) were prepared on polyethylene polyethylene terephthalate (PEPES) membranes using a spray coating technique. The electrolyte consisted of a gelatin glycerol mixture as host matrix and calcium chloride. Titanium dioxide was used as an ion storage layer and a carbon containing dispersion was used for the counter electrode on a polyester rip-stop fabric. The sheet resistance of PEDOT:PSS on PEPES was 500 Ohm/sq. A 5 × 5 electrochromic matrix with individually addressable pixels was successfully designed and assembled. The switching time of the pixels was 2 s at a voltage of 2.0 V directly after assembling. The use of titanium dioxide as ion storage also increased the contrast of the dark-blue reduced electrochromic layer. Coloration was not self-sustaining. The PEDOT:PSS layer needed a constant low voltage of at least 0.5 V to sustain in the dark-blue reduced state. The switching time increased with time. After 12 months the switching time was ~4 s at a voltage of 2.8 V. The addition of glycerol into the electrolyte extended the lifetime of a non-encapsulated textile electrochromic cell, because moisture is retained in the electrolyte. Charge carriers can be transported into and out of the electrochromic layer.

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Applications of Electrochromic Copolymers Based on Tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine and Bithiophene Derivatives in Electrochromic Devices

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma11101895 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1895 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chung-Wen Kuo ◽

Jui-Cheng Chang ◽

Po-Ying Lee ◽

Tzi-Yi Wu ◽

Yu-Chang Huang

Keyword(s):

Indium Tin Oxide ◽

Switching Time ◽

Electrochemical Polymerization ◽

Green Light ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Electrochromic Devices ◽

Light Yellow ◽

Redox Stability ◽

Transmittance Change ◽

Dark Blue

Four copolymers (P(tCz (tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine)-co-bTP (2,2'-bithiophene)), P(tCz-co-CPDT (4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b’]dithiophene)), P(tCz-co-DTC (3,6-di(2-thienyl)carbazole)), and P(tCz-co-CPDTK (cyclopentadithiophene ketone))) are deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) surfaces using electrochemical polymerization. Spectroelectrochemical properties of copolymer electrodes reveal that the colors of P(tCz-co-bTP) film are pinkish-orange, light olive green, light grayish blue, and dark blue at 0.0, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 V, respectively, whereas the color variations of P(tCz-co-CPDTK) film are light yellow, yellow, and blue at 0.0 V, 0.8 V, and 1.5 V, respectively. The ΔT of P(tCz-co-bTP), P(tCz-co-CPDT), P(tCz-co-DTC), and P(tCz-co-CPDTK) films are estimated to be 43.0% at 967 nm, 28.7% at 864 nm, 43.6% at 870 nm, and 24.5% at 984 nm, respectively. Five electrochromic devices (ECDs) are assembled using the tCz-based homopolymer and copolymers as coloring electrodes, and poly(2,2-dimethyl-3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT-Me2) as the complementary electrode. P(tCz-co-DTC)/PProDOT-Me2 ECD reveals high transmittance change (45.9% at 624 nm), P(tCz-co-CPDTK)/PProDOT-Me2 ECD shows high η (513.0 cm2 C−1 at 582 nm), and P(tCz-co-bTP)/PProDOT-Me2 ECD presents short switching time (less than 0.4 s) at 628 nm. Moreover, these ECDs show satisfactory redox stability and open circuit stability.

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Fabrication of WO3 electrochromic devices using electro-exploding wire techniques and spray coating

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells ◽

10.1016/j.solmat.2021.110960 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 223 ◽

pp. 110960

Author(s):

Chi-Ming Chang ◽

Ya-Chen Chiang ◽

Ming-Hsiang Cheng ◽

Shiuan-Huei Lin ◽

Wen-Bin Jian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spray Coating ◽

Electrochromic Devices ◽

Exploding Wire

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Color Tuning by Oxide Addition in PEDOT:PSS-Based Electrochromic Devices

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11010179 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 179 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Delphin Levasseur ◽

Issam Mjejri ◽

Thomas Rolland ◽

Aline Rougier

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Iron Oxide ◽

Conducting Polymers ◽

Applied Voltage ◽

Oxide Content ◽

Electrochromic Devices ◽

Careful Evaluation ◽

Pedot Film ◽

Oxide Addition ◽

Dark Blue

Poly(3,4-ethylenedi-oxythiophene) (PEDOT) derivatives conducting polymers are known for their great electrochromic (EC) properties offering a reversible blue switch under an applied voltage. Characterizations of symmetrical EC devices, built on combinations of PEDOT thin films, deposited with a bar coater from commercial inks, and separated by a lithium-based ionic membrane, show highest performance for 800 nm thickness. Tuning of the color is further achieved by mixing the PEDOT film with oxides. Taking, in particular, the example of optically inactive iron oxide Fe2O3, a dark blue to reddish switch, of which intensity depends on the oxide content, is reported. Careful evaluation of the chromaticity parameters L*, a*, and b*, with oxidizing/reducing potentials, evidences a possible monitoring of the bluish tint.

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Comparative study of titanium dioxide thin films produced by electron-beam evaporation and by reactive low-voltage ion plating

Applied Optics ◽

10.1364/ao.32.005594 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 32 (28) ◽

pp. 5594 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

K. Balasubramanian ◽

X. F. Han ◽

K. H. Guenther

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Electron Beam ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Electron Beam Evaporation ◽

Ion Plating ◽

Titanium Dioxide Thin Films

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Dark-blue titanium dioxide: Effect of phenothiazine on structural and optical properties of nanocrystalline anatase TiO2

Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids ◽

10.1016/j.jpcs.2018.11.002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 126 ◽

pp. 234-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. Kernazhitsky ◽

V. Shymanovska ◽

T. Gavrilko ◽

V. Naumov ◽

L. Fedorenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Optical Properties ◽

Anatase Tio2 ◽

Structural And Optical Properties ◽

Nanocrystalline Anatase Tio2 ◽

Dark Blue

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Electrical Properties of a TiO2-SrO Varistor System

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.975.168 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 975 ◽

pp. 168-172

Author(s):

Tiago Delbrücke ◽

Igor Schmidt ◽

Sergio Cava ◽

Vânia Caldas Sousa

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Electrical Properties ◽

Field Strength ◽

Leakage Current ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Nonlinear Coefficient ◽

Breakdown Field ◽

Strontium Oxide ◽

Breakdown Field Strength

The addition of different dopants affects the densification and electrical properties of TiO2 based varistor ceramics. The nonlinear current (I) and voltage (V) characteristics of titanium dioxide are examined when doped with small quantities (0.5-2 at.%) of strontium oxide. This paper discusses the electrical properties of such an SrO doped TiO2 system, and demonstrates that some combinations produce electrical properties suitable for use as low voltage varistors. The high value of the nonlinear coefficient (α) (6.6), the breakdown field strength (Eb) (328 V/cm) and the leakage current (Ir) (0.22 mA/cm2) obtained in a system newly doped with SrO, are all adequate properties for application in low voltage varistors.

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Fast and stable lithium-ion storage kinetics of anatase titanium dioxide/carbon onion hybrid electrodes

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/c8ta02293c ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (20) ◽

pp. 9480-9488 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Eunho Lim ◽

Hwirim Shim ◽

Simon Fleischmann ◽

Volker Presser

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Hybrid Materials ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Lithium Insertion ◽

Carbon Onion ◽

Ion Storage ◽

Kinetics Of

In this work, we report on nanosized anatase TiO2/carbon onion hybrid materials (nano-TiO2–C) as a rapid and stable lithium insertion host easily synthesized by tailored sol–gel chemistry.

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Niobium‐Doped Titanium Dioxide with High Dopant Contents for Enhanced Lithium‐Ion Storage

ChemElectroChem ◽

10.1002/celc.202001040 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (19) ◽

pp. 4016-4023 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wenlei Xu ◽

Patrícia A. Russo ◽

Thorsten Schultz ◽

Norbert Koch ◽

Nicola Pinna

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Ion Storage ◽

Niobium Doped ◽

Doped Titanium Dioxide

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Nanostructured metallo-supramolecular polymer-based gel-type electrochromic devices with ultrafast switching time and high colouration efficiency

Journal of Materials Chemistry C ◽

10.1039/c8tc06138f ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 2871-2879 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Susmita Roy ◽

Chanchal Chakraborty

Keyword(s):

Switching Time ◽

Supramolecular Polymer ◽

Electrochromic Devices ◽

Switching Times ◽

Polymer Nanostructures ◽

Ultrafast Switching ◽

Electrochromic Polymer

Herein, we fabricated the ordered polymer nanostructures by compositing the electrochromic polymer polyFe to significantly improve the colouration efficiency and switching times.

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