scholarly journals Design and Validation of an E-Textile-Based Wearable Sock for Remote Gait and Postural Assessment

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6691
Author(s):  
Federica Amitrano ◽  
Armando Coccia ◽  
Carlo Ricciardi ◽  
Leandro Donisi ◽  
Giuseppe Cesarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Time Signal ◽  
Optoelectronic System ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Stance Time ◽  
Postural Assessment

This paper presents a new wearable e-textile based system, named SWEET Sock, for biomedical signals remote monitoring. The system includes a textile sensing sock, an electronic unit for data transmission, a custom-made Android application for real-time signal visualization, and a software desktop for advanced digital signal processing. The device allows the acquisition of angular velocities of the lower limbs and plantar pressure signals, which are postprocessed to have a complete and schematic overview of patient’s clinical status, regarding gait and postural assessment. In this work, device performances are validated by evaluating the agreement between the prototype and an optoelectronic system for gait analysis on a set of free walk acquisitions. Results show good agreement between the systems in the assessment of gait cycle time and cadence, while the presence of systematic and proportional errors are pointed out for swing and stance time parameters. Worse results were obtained in the comparison of spatial metrics. The “wearability” of the system and its comfortable use make it suitable to be used in domestic environment for the continuous remote health monitoring of de-hospitalized patients but also in the ergonomic assessment of health workers, thanks to its low invasiveness.

scholarly journals Design and validation of an e-textile-based wearable system for remote health monitoring

ACTA IMEKO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Armando Coccia ◽  
Federica Amitrano ◽  
Leandro Donisi ◽  
Giuseppe Cesarelli ◽  
Gaetano Pagano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
Time Signal ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Trunk Acceleration ◽  
Clinical Environments ◽  
Remote Health

<p class="Abstract">The paper presents a new e-textile-based system, named SWEET Shirt, for the remote monitoring of biomedical signals. The system includes a textile sensing shirt, an electronic unit for data transmission, a custom-made Android application for real-time signal visualisation and a software desktop for advanced digital signal processing. The device allows for the acquisition of electrocardiographic, bicep electromyographic and trunk acceleration signals. The sensors, electrodes, and bus structures are all integrated within the textile garment, without any discomfort for users. A wide-ranging set of algorithms for signal processing were also developed for use within the system, allowing clinicians to rapidly obtain a complete and schematic overview of a patient’s clinical status. The aim of this work was to present the design and development of the device and to provide a validation analysis of the electrocardiographic measurement and digital processing. The results demonstrate that the information contained in the signals recorded by the novel system is comparable to that obtained via a standard medical device commonly used in clinical environments. Similarly encouraging results were obtained in the comparison of the variables derived from the signal processing.</p>

scholarly journals Custom-Made 3D-Printed Implants as Novel Approach to Reconstructive Surgery after Oncologic Resection in Pediatric Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1056
Author(s):  
Giovanni Beltrami ◽  
Gabriele Ristori ◽  
Anna Maria Nucci ◽  
Alberto Galeotti ◽  
Angela Tamburini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Host Bone ◽  
Limb Salvage Surgery ◽  
Musculoskeletal Tumor ◽  
Musculoskeletal Tumor Society ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
3D Printed

Recently, custom-made 3D-printed prostheses have been introduced for limb salvage surgery in adult patients, but their use has not been described in pediatric patients. A series of 11 pediatric patients (mean age 10.8 years; range 2–13) with skeletal tumors treated with custom-made implants for the reconstruction of bony defects is described. Patients were followed up every 3 months. Functional results were evaluated by the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score (MSTS) for upper and lower limbs. The mean follow-up was 25.7 months (range 14–44). Three patients died after a mean of 19.3 months postoperatively—two because of disease progression and the other from a previous malignancy. Three patients experienced complications related to soft tissues. One patient required device removal, debridement, and antibiotic pearls for postoperative infection. Partial osseointegration between grafts and host bone was observed within a mean of 4 months. At the final follow-up, mean MSTS score was 75%. 3D prostheses may yield biological advantages due to possible integration with the host bone and also through the use of vascularized flaps. Further research is warranted.

scholarly journals A novel neural prosthesis providing long-term electrocorticography recording and cortical stimulation for epilepsy and brain-computer interface

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 1166-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantaleo Romanelli ◽  
Marco Piangerelli ◽  
David Ratel ◽  
Christophe Gaude ◽  
Thomas Costecalde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonhuman Primate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Cortical Stimulation ◽  
Neural Prosthesis ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Custom Made

OBJECTIVEWireless technology is a novel tool for the transmission of cortical signals. Wireless electrocorticography (ECoG) aims to improve the safety and diagnostic gain of procedures requiring invasive localization of seizure foci and also to provide long-term recording of brain activity for brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). However, no wireless devices aimed at these clinical applications are currently available. The authors present the application of a fully implantable and externally rechargeable neural prosthesis providing wireless ECoG recording and direct cortical stimulation (DCS). Prolonged wireless ECoG monitoring was tested in nonhuman primates by using a custom-made device (the ECoG implantable wireless 16-electrode [ECOGIW-16E] device) containing a 16-contact subdural grid. This is a preliminary step toward large-scale, long-term wireless ECoG recording in humans.METHODSThe authors implanted the ECOGIW-16E device over the left sensorimotor cortex of a nonhuman primate (Macaca fascicularis), recording ECoG signals over a time span of 6 months. Daily electrode impedances were measured, aiming to maintain the impedance values below a threshold of 100 KΩ. Brain mapping was obtained through wireless cortical stimulation at fixed intervals (1, 3, and 6 months). After 6 months, the device was removed. The authors analyzed cortical tissues by using conventional histological and immunohistological investigation to assess whether there was evidence of damage after the long-term implantation of the grid.RESULTSThe implant was well tolerated; no neurological or behavioral consequences were reported in the monkey, which resumed his normal activities within a few hours of the procedure. The signal quality of wireless ECoG remained excellent over the 6-month observation period. Impedance values remained well below the threshold value; the average impedance per contact remains approximately 40 KΩ. Wireless cortical stimulation induced movements of the upper and lower limbs, and elicited fine movements of the digits as well. After the monkey was euthanized, the grid was found to be encapsulated by a newly formed dural sheet. The grid removal was performed easily, and no direct adhesions of the grid to the cortex were found. Conventional histological studies showed no cortical damage in the brain region covered by the grid, except for a single microscopic spot of cortical necrosis (not visible to the naked eye) in a region that had undergone repeated procedures of electrical stimulation. Immunohistological studies of the cortex underlying the grid showed a mild inflammatory process.CONCLUSIONSThis preliminary experience in a nonhuman primate shows that a wireless neuroprosthesis, with related long-term ECoG recording (up to 6 months) and multiple DCSs, was tolerated without sequelae. The authors predict that epilepsy surgery could realize great benefit from this novel prosthesis, providing an extended time span for ECoG recording.

Discrete Time Signal Processing Framework with Support Vector Machines

2011 ◽  
pp. 150-178
Author(s):  
José Luis Rojo-Álvarez ◽  
Manel Martínez-Ramón ◽  
Gustavo Camps-Valls ◽  
Carlos E. Martínez-Cruz ◽  
Carlos Figuera
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Signal Processing ◽  
Reproducing Kernel ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Feature Space ◽  
Time Signal ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Straightforward Application ◽  
Signal Processing Algorithms ◽  
Signal Models

Digital signal processing (DSP) of time series using SVM has been addressed in the literature with a straightforward application of the SVM kernel regression, but the assumption of independently distributed samples in regression models is not fulfilled by a time-series problem. Therefore, a new branch of SVM algorithms has to be developed for the advantageous application of SVM concepts when we process data with underlying time-series structure. In this chapter, we summarize our past, present, and future proposal for the SVM-DSP frame-work, which consists of several principles for creating linear and nonlinear SVM algorithms devoted to DSP problems. First, the statement of linear signal models in the primal problem (primal signal models) allows us to obtain robust estimators of the model coefficients in classical DSP problems. Next, nonlinear SVM-DSP algorithms can be addressed from two different approaches: (a) reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS) signal models, which state the signal model equation in the feature space, and (b) dual signal models, which are based on the nonlinear regression of the time instants with appropriate Mercer’s kernels. This way, concepts like filtering, time interpolation, and convolution are considered and analyzed, and they open the field for future development on signal processing algorithms following this SVM-DSP framework.

scholarly journals AREUS: A Software Framework for ATLAS Readout Electronics Upgrade Simulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 02006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico Madysa
Keyword(s):  
Digital Signal ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
Time Signal ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithms ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Readout Electronics ◽  
Analog To Digital Conversion ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Crossing Time ◽  
Detailed Simulation

The design of readout electronics for the LAr calorimeters of the ATLAS detector to be operated at the future High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) requires a detailed simulation of the full readout chain in order to find optimal solutions for the analog and digital processing of the detector signals. Due to the long duration of the LAr calorimeter pulses relative to the LHC bunch crossing time, out-of-time signal pileup needs to be taken into account. For this purpose, the simulation framework AREUS has been developed. It models analog-to-digital conversion, gain selection, and digital signal processing at bit precision, including digitization noise and detailed electronics effects. Trigger and object reconstruction algorithms are taken into account in the optimization process. The software implementation of AREUS, the concepts of its main functional blocks, as well as optimization considerations will be presented. Various approaches to introduce parallelism into AREUS will be compared against each other.

scholarly journals Defining hypoxemia from pulse oximeter measurements of oxygen saturation in well children at low altitude in Bangladesh: an observational study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D McCollum ◽  
Carina King ◽  
Salahuddin Ahmed ◽  
Abu AM Hanif ◽  
Arunangshu D Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Pulse Oximeter ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
World Health ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Low Altitude

Background: The World Health Organization defines hypoxemia, a low peripheral oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2), as <90%. Although hypoxemia is an important risk factor for mortality of children with respiratory infections, the optimal SpO2 threshold for defining hypoxemia is uncertain in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We derived a SpO2 threshold for hypoxemia from well children in Bangladesh residing at low altitude. Methods: We prospectively enrolled well, 3-35 month old children participating in a pneumococcal vaccine evaluation in Sylhet district, Bangladesh between June and August 2017. Trained health workers conducting community surveillance measured the SpO2 of children using a Masimo Rad-5 pulse oximeter with a wrap sensor. We used standard summary statistics to evaluate the SpO2 distribution, including whether the distribution differed by age or sex. We considered the 2.5th, 5th, and 10th percentiles of SpO2 as possible lower thresholds for hypoxemia. Results: Our primary analytical sample included 1,470 children (mean age 18.6 +/- 9.5 months). Median SpO2 was 98% (interquartile range, 96-99%), and the 2.5th, 5th, and 10th percentile SpO2 was 91%, 92%, and 94%. No child had a SpO2 <90%. Children 3-11 months old had a lower median SpO2 (97%) than 12-23 month olds (98%) and 24-35 month olds (98%) (p=0.039). The SpO2 distribution did not differ by sex (p=0.959). Conclusion: A SpO2 threshold for hypoxemia derived from the 2.5th, 5th, or 10th percentile of well children is higher than <90%. If a higher threshold than <90% is adopted into LMIC care algorithms then decision-making using SpO2 must also consider the childs clinical status to minimize misclassification of well children as hypoxemic. Younger children in lower altitude LMICs may require a different threshold for hypoxemia than older children. Evaluating the mortality risk of sick children using higher SpO2 thresholds for hypoxemia is a key next step.

scholarly journals Contributions of Limb Joints to Energy Absorption during Landing in Cats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueqing Wu ◽  
Baoqing Pei ◽  
Yuyang Pei ◽  
Nan Wu ◽  
Kaiyuan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Motor Program ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Synergistic Mechanism ◽  
The Impact

There is a high risk of serious injury to the lower limbs in a human drop landing. However, cats are able to jump from the same heights without any sign of injury, which is attributed to the excellent performance of their limbs in attenuating the impact forces. The bionic study of the falling cat landing may therefore contribute to improve the landing-shock absorbing ability of lower limbs in humans. However, the contributions of cat limb joints to energy absorption remain unknown. Accordingly, a motion capture system and plantar pressure measurement platform were used to measure the joint angles and vertical ground reaction forces of jumping cats, respectively. Based on the inverse dynamics, the joint angular velocities, moments, powers, and work from different landing heights were calculated to expound the synergistic mechanism and the dominant muscle groups of cat limb joints. The results show that the buffering durations of the forelimbs exhibit no significant difference with increasing height while the hindlimbs play a greater role than the forelimbs in absorbing energy when jumping from a higher platform. Furthermore, the joint angles and angular velocities exhibit similar variations, indicating that a generalized motor program can be adopted to activate limb joints for different landing heights. Additionally, the elbow and hip are recognized as major contributors to energy absorption during landing. This experimental study can accordingly provide biological inspiration for new approaches to prevent human lower limb injuries.

Sampling and Reconstruction of Continuous-Time Signals

2021 ◽  
pp. 674-689
Author(s):  
Stevan Berber
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Time ◽  
Continuous Time ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Time Signal ◽  
Reconstruction Filter ◽  
Analogue To Digital ◽  
Sampling And Reconstruction ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Time Form

This chapter presents the theory for transferring a continuous-time signal into its discrete-time form by sampling, and then converting the obtained samples to a digital signal suitable for processing in a processing machine, using the procedure of sample quantizing and coding. Then, the procedure of converting a digitally processed signal into discrete signal samples and the reconstruction of the initial continuous-time signal via a lowpass reconstruction filter is presented. The theory provides the mathematical base for both analogue-to-digital and digital-to-analogue conversions, which are extensively used for processing signals in discrete communication systems. The chapter goes on to show that the Nyquist criterion must be fulfilled to eliminate signal aliasing in the frequency domain. Finally, the mathematical model for transferring a continuous-time signal into its discrete-time form, and vice versa, is presented and demonstrated for a sinusoidal signal.

The Effects of Cycling on Running Mechanics

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Quigley ◽  
James G. Richards
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Ankle Joints ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Stance Time ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Force Data ◽  
Running Mechanics

This study investigated the mechanical effects that cycling has on running style which may explain the discomfort associated with the transition from cycling to running. The joint angles, angular velocities, reaction forces, and reaction moments of the left and right hip, knee, and ankle joints as well as stance time, flight time, stride length, and maximum vertical displacement of the center of gravity were measured using high-speed video and ground reaction force data. Data were collected from 11 competitive biathletes and triathletes. Each subject's running mechanics were determined from 10 trials for each of three conditions: (a) unfatigued, (b) immediately following 30 min of running, and (c) immediately following 30 min of bicycling. The results indicate that a person's running mechanics, as described by the variables above, are virtually unchanged between each of the three conditions. Therefore, awkwardness of the bicycle-to-run transition may not be related to a change in running mechanics.

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