scholarly journals Gait Analysis under Spatial Navigation Task in Elderly People—A Pilot Study

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Natalia Pawlaczyk ◽  
Magdalena Szmytke ◽  
Michał Meina ◽  
Monika Lewandowska ◽  
Justyna Stępniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Spatial Navigation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Memory Phase ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Delayed Phase

A decline in the Spatial Navigation (SN) abilities has been observed in the course of healthy aging. Walking is an inseparable part of the navigation process; however, research tasks overlook this aspect in studies involving seniors. The present study was designed to overcome this limitation by recording gait parameters during natural environment navigation and to determine gait indicators that most accurately assign the participants to the proper age category. Thirteen elderly (mean age = 69.1 ± 5.4 year) and sixteen young women (mean age = 21.5 ± 2.2 year) equipped with gait sensors were asked to learn a path while walking in a real building (Learning Phase), reproduce the path (Memory Phase) and reach targets after a 30 min delay (Delayed Phase). The Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis showed that our self-developed Gait Style Change indicator, that is, the difference in the probability of feet landing between particular SN task phases, classified the participants into either the elderly or the young group with the highest accuracy (0.91). The second most important indicator, the Task-Related (step counts in each SN task phase), achieved the accuracy discrimination of 0.83. The gait indicators, comprising single gait parameters measured while navigating, might be considered as accurately differentiating older from younger people.

Angiotensin II potentiates α-adrenergic vasoconstriction in the elderly

2012 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 413-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Barrett-O’Keefe ◽  
Melissa A. H. Witman ◽  
John Mcdaniel ◽  
Anette S. Fjeldstad ◽  
Joel D. Trinity ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Adrenergic Blockade ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Nervous System Activity ◽  
Half Maximal Effective Concentration ◽  
Adrenergic Systems

Aging is characterized by increased sympatho-excitation, expressed through both the α-adrenergic and RAAS (renin–angiotensin–aldosterone) pathways. Although the independent contribution of these two pathways to elevated vasoconstriction with age may be substantial, significant cross-talk exists that could produce potentiating effects. To examine this interaction, 14 subjects (n=8 young, n=6 old) underwent brachial artery catheterization for administration of AngII (angiotensin II; 0.8–25.6 ng/dl per min), NE [noradrenaline (norepinephrine); 2.5–80 ng/dl per min] and AngII with concomitant α-adrenergic antagonism [PHEN (phentolamine); 10 μg/dl per min]. Ultrasound Doppler was utilized to determine blood flow, and therefore vasoconstriction, in both infused and contralateral (control) limbs. Arterial blood pressure was measured directly, and sympathetic nervous system activity was assessed via microneurography and plasma NE analysis. AngII sensitivity was significantly greater in the old, indicated by both greater maximal vasoconstriction (−59±4% in old against −48±3% in young) and a decreased EC50 (half-maximal effective concentration) (1.4±0.2 ng/dl per min in old against 2.6±0.7 μg/dl per min in young), whereas the maximal NE-mediated vasoconstriction was similar between these groups (−58±9% in old and −62±5% in young). AngII also increased venous NE in the old group, but was unchanged in the young group. In the presence of α-adrenergic blockade (PHEN), maximal AngII-mediated vasoconstriction in the old was restored to that of the young (−43±8% in old and −39±6% in young). These findings indicate that, with healthy aging, the increased AngII-mediated vasoconstriction may be attributed, in part, to potentiation of the α-adrenergic pathway, and suggest that cross-talk between the RAAS and adrenergic systems may be an important consideration in therapeutic strategies targeting these two pathways.

Prospective Memory Development Across the Lifespan

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Zuber ◽  
Matthias Kliegel
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Integrative Framework

Abstract. Prospective Memory (PM; i.e., the ability to remember to perform planned tasks) represents a key proxy of healthy aging, as it relates to older adults’ everyday functioning, autonomy, and personal well-being. The current review illustrates how PM performance develops across the lifespan and how multiple cognitive and non-cognitive factors influence this trajectory. Further, a new, integrative framework is presented, detailing how those processes interplay in retrieving and executing delayed intentions. Specifically, while most previous models have focused on memory processes, the present model focuses on the role of executive functioning in PM and its development across the lifespan. Finally, a practical outlook is presented, suggesting how the current knowledge can be applied in geriatrics and geropsychology to promote healthy aging by maintaining prospective abilities in the elderly.

PENGARUH TERAPI TERTAWA TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH LANSIA DI UPT PANTI WREDHA BUDHI DHARMA YOGYAKARTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niken Setyaningrum ◽  
Andri Setyorini ◽  
Fachruddin Tri Fitrianta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Comparison ◽  
Control Blood Pressure ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTBackground: Hypertension is one of the most common diseases, because this disease is suffered byboth men and women, as well as adults and young people. Treatment of hypertension does not onlyrely on medications from the doctor or regulate diet alone, but it is also important to make our bodyalways relaxed. Laughter can help to control blood pressure by reducing endocrine stress andcreating a relaxed condition to deal with relaxation.Objective: The general objective of the study was to determine the effect of laughter therapy ondecreasing elderly blood pressure in UPT Panti Wredha Budhi Dharma Yogyakarta.Methods: The design used in this study is a pre-experimental design study with one group pre-posttestresearch design where there is no control group (comparison). The population in this study wereelderly aged over> 60 years at 55 UPT Panti Wredha Budhi Dharma Yogyakarta. The method oftaking in this study uses total sampling. The sample in this study were 55 elderly. Data analysis wasused to determine the difference in blood pressure before and after laughing therapy with a ratio datascale that was using Pairs T-TestResult: There is an effect of laughing therapy on blood pressure in the elderly at UPT Panti WredhaBudhi Dharma Yogyakarta marked with a significant value of 0.000 (P <0.05)

Intergenerational Education for the Psychological, Social and Educational Improvement of the Elderly

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Nazaret Martínez-Heredia
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Mixed Type ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Intergenerational Relationships ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Educational Improvement ◽  
Intergenerational Education

Introduction: Intergenerational education encourages cooperation and interaction between two or more generations through experiences, knowledge, skills, attitudes and values. Objective: The main objective of our research was to know the benefits at the psychological, social and educational level of intergenerational education. Methods: This is mixed-type research establishing relationships between young and old. The sample consists of a total of 94 people, 47 young people (aged between 21 and 40 years old) and 47 older (aged between 65 and 85 years). We promote the development of a mixed methodology to know if after the implementation of an intergenerational program we have obtained benefits in the elderly participants. Results: Considering the results we can say that the benefits at the psychological, social and educational level have been very remarkable of our elders. Conclusions: We must bet on intergenerational relationships as an ideal within our daily practice achieving a healthy aging, benefiting continuity in an active social role of our elders.

scholarly journals Elderly’s preferences towards rehabilitation robot appearance using electroencephalogram signal

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxin Sun ◽  
Wenkui Jin
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Living ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rehabilitation Robots ◽  
Subjective Evaluations ◽  
Analysis Experiment ◽  
Prefrontal Region ◽  
Important Means ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Robot Appearance ◽  
The Right

AbstractRehabilitation robots are becoming an important means of assisted living for the elderly, and the appearance of rehabilitation robots directly affects the willingness of the elderly to interact with the robots. Much of the current research on robot appearance preferences relies solely on subjective evaluations, which are relatively cheap, but do not reach deep into the brain to get an accurate grasp of how humans respond to robot appearance. Using electroencephalogram signal and questionnaire survey, we studied the preference of the elderly for abstract and figurative robots. The experimental materials are derived from the pictures of 10 robots in the market. The electroencephalogram signal are collected by BrainVision Recorder and processed by BrainVision Analyzer, as well as SPSS statistical analysis. Experiment shows that the peak of figurative robot pictures is higher and the fluctuation is more intense from 350 ms to 600 ms in the central region and the right half of parietal region. While the peak of abstract robot pictures is higher and the fluctuation is more intense in the prefrontal region, and the difference between abstract robot and figurative robot is not obvious in the occipital region. Based on the electroencephalogram signal and experimental results, it provides the possibility for objective preference evaluation of the elderly to the robot designed features.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of sports consumption habits in Hungary, Poland and Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dávid Paár ◽  
Antal Kovács ◽  
Miklós Stocker ◽  
Márk Hoffbauer ◽  
Attila Fazekas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Material Wealth ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Sports Consumption ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sports Venues ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The so-called sports consumption models are looking for the factors that influence the sports spending of households. This paper aims to examine the Hungarian, Polish and German households’ sports expenditures which can be an important indicator of physical activity and sporty lifestyle. Methods Surveying of households in three countries (Hungary, Poland and Germany) has been conducted with a self-designed questionnaire. We have used descriptive and bivariate non-parametric and parametric statistical methods: (1) χ2 test, Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test for checking the relationship between sociodemographic and physical activity variables and (2) independent sample t-test and ANOVA for checking the differences in sports expenditures. Results Our research concluded that men, especially previous athletes, exercise more than women and those who have no history as registered athletes. The choice of sports venues is obviously different between the countries in the sample. Members of the study population spend the most on sports services while they spend the least on sports equipment. German households have the highest spending rates compared to the other two countries. Conclusions Results are in line with our previous research findings and with other literatures. The difference in preferences of sports venues could have the reason of different supply of sports clubs or the different living standards too. It needs further researches to clear it. Material wealth, income level and sport socialisation can be a determining factor regarding the level of sports spending.

scholarly journals Differential Influence of Age on the Relationship between Genetic Mismatch and A(H1N1)pdm09 Vaccine Effectiveness

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 619
Author(s):  
Lirong Cao ◽  
Shi Zhao ◽  
Jingzhi Lou ◽  
Hong Zheng ◽  
Renee W. Y. Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Amino Acid Mutation ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Vaccine Component ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
The Relationship

Assessment of influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) and identification of relevant influencing factors are the current priorities for optimizing vaccines to reduce the impacts of influenza. To date, how the difference between epidemic strains and vaccine strains at genetic scale affects age-specific vaccine performance remains ambiguous. This study investigated the association between genetic mismatch on hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes and A(H1N1)pdm09 VE in different age groups with a novel computational approach. We found significant linear relationships between VE and genetic mismatch in children, young adults, and middle-aged adults. In the children’s group, each 3-key amino acid mutation was associated with an average of 10% decrease in vaccine effectiveness in a given epidemic season, and genetic mismatch exerted no influence on VE for the elderly group. We demonstrated that present vaccines were most effective for children, while protection for the elderly was reduced and indifferent to vaccine component updates. Modeling such relationships is practical to inform timely evaluation of VE in different groups of populations during mass vaccination and may inform age-specific vaccination regimens.

FRI0075 DECREASED RISKS OF HOSPITALIZED INFECTION UNDER TARGETED THERAPIES VS METHOTREXATE IN ELDERLY AND OLDER ELDERLY PATIENTS COMPARED TO YOUNGER PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS USING JAPANESE HEALTH INSURANCE DATABASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 614-615
Author(s):  
R. Sakai ◽  
E. Tanaka ◽  
M. Majima ◽  
M. Harigai
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Elderly Group ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Chugai Pharmaceutical ◽  
Insurance Database ◽  
Icd10 Code

Background:Recently, vital prognosis has been improved in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)1. In elderly patients, it is difficult to establish a treatment strategy due to multi-morbidities and treatment-related risks. Since older age is a significant risk factor of serious infections, one of the primary concerns during treatment of RA, rheumatologists should always strike a balance between efficacy and safety of the immunosuppressive treatment. However, infection data under the targeted therapy (TT) in elderly patients is still limited to date.Objectives:To compare the risk of hospitalized infection (HI) under the TT among young, elderly, and older elderly patients with RA using the Japanese health insurance database.Methods:This retrospective longitudinal population-based study was conducted using claims data in Japan provided by Medical Data Vision Co., Ltd. We defined individuals as RA cases if they met all of the following: 1) having at least one ICD10 code (M05x, M06x except for M061, or M08x except for M081 and M082); 2) having at least one prescription of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) including methotrexate (MTX) and TT (biological DMARDs and Janus kinase inhibitors) between April 2008 and September 2018; and 3) 16 years old or older. We define the month patients met the above all criteria for the first time in this database as the index month. We excluded patients who were prescribed any DMARDs during the first 12 months from MTX users and those with prescription of any TT during the first 12 months from TT users (i.e., prevalent users). Among the study population, we divided patients into 3 groups according to their age at the index month; young group (16-64), elderly group (65-74), and older elderly group (>=75). The observation started from the index month and ended at 36 months later, the last month of the exposure of DMARDs, the month of loss of follow-up, or September 2019, whichever came first. HI was defined by ICD10 code with one prescription of predefined drugs for each infection during hospitalizations. Some of HIs were defined by ICD10 code alone.Results:In this study, 8269, 6454, 5745 patients with RA were included in the young, elderly, and older elderly groups, respectively. The incidence rate (IR) of HI (/100 patient-years [PY]) [95%CI] was 3.4 [3.1-3.7] in the young group, 5.8 [5.3-6.3] in the elderly group, and 12.0 [11.2-12.8] in the older elderly group. IR rate (IRR) of HI (reference: the young group) was 1.7 [1.5-1.9] in the elderly group and 3.6 [3.2-4.0] in the older elderly group. In the young group, the IRR of HI in TT users vs MTX users was significantly elevated (1.8 [1.5-2.1]), whereas, those of the elderly and the older elderly groups were significantly decreased (IRR 0.8 [0.7-0.9] for elderly; 0.6 [0.5-0.7] for older elderly). Concomitant use of immunosuppressive DMARDs or prednisolone >=10mg/day with TT became less frequent with aging.Conclusion:The elderly and older elderly patients had significantly higher risks of HI compared to the young. The risk of HI under the TT compared to MTX was decreased in the elderly patients, probably due to adjusting for treatment by attending physicians.References:[1]Arthritis Rheum 2014;66:786-93Acknowledgments:This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 17K08963.Disclosure of Interests:Ryoko Sakai Grant/research support from: Tokyo Women’s Medical University (TWMU) has received unrestricted research grants forDivision of Epidemiology and Pharmacoepidemiology of Rheumatic Diseases from Ayumi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Bristol Meyers Squib, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nippon Kayaku Co. Ltd., Taisho Toyama Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corp., and with which TWMU paid the salary of R.S., Eiichi Tanaka Consultant of: ET has received lecture fees or consulting fees from Abbvie, Asahi Kasei pharma co., Bristol Myers Squibb, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Eisai Pharmaceutical, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Nippon Kayaku, Pfizer, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Taisho Toyama Pharmaceutical Co., and UCB Pharma., Speakers bureau: ET has received lecture fees or consulting fees from Abbvie, Asahi Kasei pharma co., Bristol Myers Squibb, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Eisai Pharmaceutical, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Nippon Kayaku, Pfizer, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Taisho Toyama Pharmaceutical Co., and UCB Pharma., masako majima: None declared, masayoshi harigai Grant/research support from: AbbVie Japan GK, Ayumi Pharmaceutical Co., Bristol Myers Squibb Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Co., Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., and Teijin Pharma Ltd. MH has received speaker’s fee from AbbVie Japan GK, Ayumi Pharmaceutical Co., Boehringer Ingelheim Japan, Inc., Bristol Myers Squibb Co., Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., GlaxoSmithKline K.K., Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Oxford Immuotec, Pfizer Japan Inc., and Teijin Pharma Ltd. MH is a consultant for AbbVie, Boehringer-ingelheim, Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Teijin Pharma.

A Reduced Fuel Cell Stack Model for Control and Fault Diagnosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damiano Di Penta ◽  
Karim Bencherif ◽  
Michel Sorine ◽  
Qinghua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack ◽  
Electrode Potentials ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Stack Model

This paper proposes a reduced fuel cell stack model for control and fault diagnosis which was validated with experimental data. Firstly, the electro-chemical phenomena are modeled based on a mechanism of gas adsorption/desorption on catalysts at the anode and at the cathode of the stack, including activation, diffusion, and carbon monoxide poisoning. The electrical voltage of a stack cell is then modeled by the difference between the two electrode potentials. A simplified thermal model of the fuel cell stack is also developed in order to take into account heat generation from reactions, heat transfers, and evaporation/condensation of water. Finally, the efficiency ratio is computed as a model output. It is used to evaluate the efficiency changes of the entire system, providing an important indicator for fault detection.

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