scholarly journals Vacuum Ultraviolet Absorption Spectroscopy Analysis of Breath Acetone Using a Hollow Optical Fiber Gas Cell

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
Yudai Kudo ◽  
Saiko Kino ◽  
Yuji Matsuura
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Vacuum Ultraviolet ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Gas Cell ◽  
Human Breath ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Acetone Concentration ◽  
Core Fiber ◽  
Breath Acetone

Human breath is a biomarker of body fat metabolism and can be used to diagnose various diseases, such as diabetes. As such, in this paper, a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectroscopy system is proposed to measure the acetone in exhaled human breath. A strong absorption acetone peak at 195 nm is detected using a simple system consisting of a deuterium lamp source, a hollow-core fiber gas cell, and a fiber-coupled compact spectrometer corresponding to the VUV region. The hollow-core fiber functions both as a long-path and an extremely small-volume gas cell; it enables us to sensitively measure the trace components of exhaled breath. For breath analysis, we apply multiple regression analysis using the absorption spectra of oxygen, water, and acetone standard gas as explanatory variables to quantitate the concentration of acetone in breath. Based on human breath, we apply the standard addition method to obtain the measurement accuracy. The results suggest that the standard deviation is 0.074 ppm for healthy human breath with an acetone concentration of around 0.8 ppm and a precision of 0.026 ppm. We also monitor body fat burn based on breath acetone and confirm that breath acetone increases after exercise because it is a volatile byproduct of lipolysis.

High Sensitive and Selective Acetone Gas Sensor Using Molecular Imprinting Technique Based on Ag-LaFeO3

2016 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
pp. 760-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teng Fei Du ◽  
Yu Min Zhang ◽  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Zhong Qi Zhu ◽  
Qing Ju Liu
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Selective Detection ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Human Breath ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Acetone Concentration ◽  
Current Contribution ◽  
Lanthanum Ferrite ◽  
Transparent Liquid

Acetone is a highly volatile and colorless transparent liquid which is frequently and quantitatively represented in the composition of coatings, paints, adhesives and cleaning materials[1,2]. As good solvent and raw material for organic synthesis, acetone can volatilize easily and cause damages to eyes, noses, and central nervous system when the concentration is higher than 450 mg/m3 (173 ppm). Besides, acetone in human breath is a biomarker for diagnosis of diabetes[3]. Medical investigations have shown that the acetone concentration in exhaled breath from a healthy human body is lower than 0.8 ppm, while that for a diabetic patient is higher than 1.8 ppm[4–6]. Therefore, the development of gas sensors for rapid and selective detection of acetone attracts the interest of researchers in recent years. For the current contribution, lanthanum ferrite (LaFeO3) has been selected because of its good thermostability[7], controllable structure[8] and selectivity[9-10] for acetone.

scholarly journals Laser frequency stabilization and spectroscopy at 2051 nm using a compact CO2-filled Kagome hollow core fiber gas-cell system

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 28621 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Anne Curtis ◽  
Thomas Bradley ◽  
Geoffrey P. Barwood ◽  
Christopher S. Edwards ◽  
Natalie V. Wheeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Frequency ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Frequency Stabilization ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Gas Cell ◽  
Laser Frequency Stabilization ◽  
Core Fiber

Measuring airway exchange of endogenous acetone using a single-exhalation breathing maneuver

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 880-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Anderson ◽  
Wayne J. E. Lamm ◽  
Michael P. Hlastala
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Acetone Concentration ◽  
Breathing Maneuver ◽  
Alveolar Gas Exchange

Exhaled acetone is measured to estimate exposure or monitor diabetes and congestive heart failure. Interpreting this measurement depends critically on where acetone exchanges in the lung. Health professionals assume exhaled acetone originates from alveolar gas exchange, but experimental data and theoretical predictions suggest that acetone comes predominantly from airway gas exchange. We measured endogenous acetone in the exhaled breath to evaluate acetone exchange in the lung. The acetone concentration in the exhalate of healthy human subjects was measured dynamically with a quadrupole mass spectrometer and was plotted against exhaled volume. Each subject performed a series of breathing maneuvers in which the steady exhaled flow rate was the only variable. Acetone phase III had a positive slope (0.054 ± 0.016 liter−1) that was statistically independent of flow rate. Exhaled acetone concentration was normalized by acetone concentration in the alveolar air, as estimated by isothermal rebreathing. Acetone concentration in the rebreathed breath ranged from 0.8 to 2.0 parts per million. Normalized end-exhaled acetone concentration was dependent on flow and was 0.79 ± 0.04 and 0.85 ± 0.04 for the slow and fast exhalation rates, respectively. A mathematical model of airway and alveolar gas exchange was used to evaluate acetone transport in the lung. By doubling the connective tissue (epithelium + mucosal tissue) thickness, this model predicted accurately ( R2 = 0.94 ± 0.05) the experimentally measured expirograms and demonstrated that most acetone exchange occurred in the airways of the lung. Therefore, assays using exhaled acetone measurements need to be reevaluated because they may underestimate blood levels.

scholarly journals Breath acetone concentration: too heterogeneous to constitute a diagnosis or prognosis biomarker in heart failure? A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fares Gouzi ◽  
Diba Ayache ◽  
Christophe Hedon ◽  
Nicolas Molinari ◽  
Aurore Vicet
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
New York ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Acetone Concentration ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Breath Acetone

Abstract Introduction: Exhaled breath acetone (ExA) has been investigated as a biomarker for heart failure (HF). Yet, barriers to its use in the clinical field have not been identified. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the ExA heterogeneity and factors of variability in healthy controls (HC), to identify its relations with HF diagnosis and prognostic factors and to assess its diagnosis and prognosis accuracy in HF patients. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PUBMED and Web of Science database. All studies with HC and HF patients with a measured ExA were included and studies providing ExA’s diagnosis and prognosis accuracy were identified. Results: Out of 971 identified studies, 18 studies involving 833 HC and 1009 HF patients were included in the meta-analysis. In HC, ExA showed an important heterogeneity (I²=99%). Variability factors were fasting state, sampling type and analytical method. The mean ExA was 1.89 times higher in HF patients vs. HC (782 [531-1032] vs. 413 [347-478] ppbv; p<0.001). One study showed excellent diagnosis accuracy, and one showed a good prognosis value. ExA correlated with New York Heart Association (NYHA) dyspnea (p<0.001) and plasma brain natriuretic peptide (p<0.001). Studies showed a poor definition and reporting of included subjects. Discussion: Despite the between-study heterogeneity in HC, the evidence of an excellent diagnosis and prognosis value of ExA in HF from single studies can be extended to clinical populations worldwide. Factors of variability (ExA procedure and breath sampling) could further improve the diagnosis and prognosis values of this biomarker in HF patients.

Acetone Bio-Sniffer (Gas-Phase Biosensor) for Monitoring of Human Volatile Using Enzymatic Reaction of Secondary Alcohol Dehydrogenase

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Takahiro Arakawa ◽  
Ming Ye ◽  
Kenta Iitani ◽  
Koji Toma ◽  
Kohji Mitsubayashi
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Secondary Alcohol ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Flow Cell ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Acetone Vapor ◽  
Acetone Concentration ◽  
Secondary Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Breath Acetone

We developed a highly sensitive acetone bio-sniffer (gas-phase biosensor) based on an enzyme reductive reaction to monitor breath acetone concentration. The acetone bio-sniffer device was constructed by attaching a flow-cell with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-dependent secondary alcohol dehydrogenase (S-ADH) immobilized membrane onto a fiber-optic NADH measurement system. This system utilizes an ultraviolet light emitting diode as an excitation light source. Acetone vapor was measured as the fluorescence of NADH consumption by the enzymatic reaction of S-ADH. A phosphate buffer that contained oxidized NADH was circulated into the flow-cell to rinse the products and the excessive substrates from the optode; thus, the bio-sniffer enables the real-time monitoring of acetone vapor concentration. A photomultiplier tube detects the change in the fluorescence emitted from NADH. The relationship between the fluorescence intensity and acetone concentration was identified to be from 20 ppb to 5300 ppb. This encompasses the range of concentration of acetone vapor found in the breath of healthy people and of those suffering from disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. Then, the acetone bio-sniffer was used to monitor the exhaled breath acetone concentration change before and after a meal. When the sensing region was exposed to exhaled breath, the fluorescence intensity decreased and reached saturation immediately. Then, it returned to the initial state upon cessation of the exhaled breath flow. We anticipate its future use as a non-invasive analytical tool for the assessment of lipid metabolism in exercise, fasting and diabetes mellitus.

Ultrasensitive Exhaled Breath Sensors Based on Anti‐Resonant Hollow Core Fiber with In Situ Grown ZnO‐Bi 2 O 3 Nanosheets

2021 ◽  
pp. 2001978
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Yu Zheng ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Zhixun Wang ◽  
Jiao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Core Fiber

scholarly journals Polymer-Modified Quartz Tuning Forks for Breath Biomarker Sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Bishakha Ray ◽  
Shrut Manoj Desai ◽  
Saurabh Parmar ◽  
Suwarna Datar
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Quartz Tuning Fork ◽  
Sensor Response ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Breath ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Disease Diagnostics ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis

The change in levels of volatile organic compounds (VOC) present in exhaled breath can be indicative of bodily disorders. Detection of such low levels of VOCs can allow early detection and diagnosis of diseases. A polymer- modified Quartz Tuning Fork (QTF) is a promising, cost-effective sensor that can detect a change in ppm levels of VOCs exhaled from the breath at room temperature. Acetone and acetaldehyde are biomarkers that are readily exhaled by human beings. Increased levels of these analytes can serve as indicators for toxicity or a wide array of diseases. The present work uses an array of QTFs modified separately using nanomaterials embedded in polystyrene to detect low VOC concentrations present in simulated human breath successfully. The sensor response shows a clear distinction between healthy human breath and breath spiked with varying VOC concentrations (5–400 ppm). The sensor response proves it can potentially serve as an economical and non-invasive tool for disease diagnostics.

Breath acetone analyzer: diagnostic tool to monitor dietary fat loss

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
S K Kundu ◽  
J A Bruzek ◽  
R Nair ◽  
A M Judilla
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Acetone Concentration ◽  
Fat Loss ◽  
Weight Loss Programs ◽  
Breath Acetone

Abstract Acetone, a metabolite of fat catabolism, is produced in excessive amounts in subjects on restricted-calorie weight-loss programs. Breath acetone measurements are useful as a motivational tool during dieting and for monitoring the effectiveness of weight-loss programs. We have developed a simple, easy-to-read method that quantifies the amount of acetone in a defined volume of exhaled breath after trapping the sample in a gas-analyzer column. The concentration of acetone, as measured by the length of a blue color zone in the analyzer column, correlates with results obtained by gas chromatography. Using the breath acetone analyzer to quantify breath acetone concentrations of dieting subjects, we established a correlation between breath acetone concentration and rate of fat loss (slope 52.2 nmol/L per gram per day, intercept 15.3 nmol/L, n = 78, r = 0.81). We also discussed the possibility of using breath acetone in diabetes management.

scholarly journals Analytical evaluation of breath acetone tubes

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Anastasia M. Ivanova ◽  
◽  
Elena O. Kolomina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Tube ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Acetone Concentration ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sensitivity Assessment ◽  
Breath Analyzer ◽  
Metabolic Conditions ◽  
Breath Acetone ◽  
Color Gradients

Breath analysis provides opportunities for further development of precise and quick non-invasive diagnostic tools. The important example is the monitoring of metabolic flexibility through the acetone levels in an exhale. Metabolic changes may cause such pathological conditions as metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. It is proven that breath acetone levels can indicate the states of ketosis or ketoacidosis. The development of sensitive, selective and easy-to-use tests for breath acetone is a step to personalized diagnostics, preliminary diagnosis and therapeutic control The aim of the research was to evaluate analytical characteristics of acetone breath tubes intended for non-invasive monitoring of metabolic state. The test is designed as an easy-to-blow glass tube, comprising a chemical reagent highly sensitive to acetone. The reagent changes its color from yellow to magenta depending on acetone concentrations. Sensitivity assessment was performed by lab simulation of an exhaled breath with various acetone concentrations. The acetone levels corresponded to a range associated with various metabolic conditions and were controlled by titrimetric method and a portable breath analyzer. Additionally, specificity to a target gas in the presence of water and ethanol vapors was assessed. The results showed a correlation between the acetone concentration and the color gradients of the acetone sensitive reagent. The tubes show no reactions towards water and ethanol vapors.

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