scholarly journals Academically Produced Air Pollution Sensors for Personal Exposure Assessment: The Canarin Project

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1876
Author(s):  
Boris Dessimond ◽  
Isabella Annesi-Maesano ◽  
Jean-Louis Pepin ◽  
Salim Srairi ◽  
Giovanni Pau
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
World Health ◽  
Contextual Data ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Portable Sensors ◽  
Personal Exposure Assessment ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Working And Living Conditions

The World Health Organization has estimated that air pollution is a major threat to health, causing approximately nine million premature deaths every year. Each individual has, over their lifetime, a unique exposure to air pollution through their habits, working and living conditions. Medical research requires dedicated tools to assess and understand individual exposure to air pollution in view of investigating its health effects. This paper presents portable sensors produced by the Canarin Project that provides accessible, real time personal exposure data to particulate matter. Our primary results demonstrate the use of portable sensors for the assessment of personal exposure to the different micro-environments attended by individuals, and for inspecting the short-term effects of air pollution through the example of sleep apnea. These findings underscore the necessity of obtaining contextual data in determining environmental exposure and give perspectives for the future of air pollution sensors dedicated to medical research.

Decision Tree-Based Analytics for Reducing Air Pollution

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 1850015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajanta Das ◽  
Anindita Desarkar
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Rule Base ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Id3 Algorithm ◽  
Rule Sets ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
Health Organization

Air pollution indicates contaminated air which arises due to the effect of physical, biological or chemical alteration to the air in the atmosphere applicable both for indoors and outdoors. This situation arises when poisonous gases, dust or smoke enter into the atmosphere and make the surroundings vulnerable for any living beings as well as difficult for them to survive. Large numbers of premature deaths happen across the globe if exposed to these pollutants on a long-term basis as major portion of the cities have the pollution level above the threshold determined by World Health Organization (WHO). So appropriate measures need to be taken on a priority basis to reduce air pollution as well as save our planet. This paper proposes a novel air pollution reduction approach which collects source pollution data. After extraction of source data, it uses various databases (DBs) and then different decisions or classes are created. The decision tree was created with the help of Iterative Dichotomiser 3 (ID3) algorithm to implement the rule base appropriately depending on the air pollution level and a bunch of rule sets were derived from the decision tree further.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Solar Air Purification System

2020 ◽  
pp. 204-211
Author(s):  
Mohammed Iqbal Khatib ◽  
Shahin Shaikh ◽  
Mohammed Hisham Uddin ◽  
Mohammed Mazhar ◽  
Mohammed Zia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
World Health ◽  
Air Purification ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Purification System ◽  
Health Organization

Air pollution occurs when harmful or excessive quantities of substances including gases, particles, and biological molecules are introduced into Earth's atmosphere. It may cause diseases, allergies and even death to humans; it may also cause harm to other living organisms such as animals and food crops, and may damage the natural or built environment. Both human activity and natural processes can generate air pollution. Indoor air pollution and poor urban air quality are listed as two of the world’s worst toxic pollution problems in the 2008 Blacksmith Institute World's Worst Polluted Places report. Outdoor air pollution alone causes 2. 1 to 4. 21 million premature deaths annually. According to the 2014 World Health Organization report, air pollution in 2012 caused the deaths of around 7 million people worldwide, an estimate roughly echoed by the International Energy Agency. Though government is taking several measures to control air pollution it is rising rapidly due to urbanization, excessive usage of automobiles, factories, construction works. , etc. , As we cannot deny the fact that development without transport, infrastructure and factories is not possible. We have to search for alternate means of air pollution reduction. However air purification / filtration requires lot of energy to drive induced air fans it is better to use solar energy rather than going for conventional thermal energy. As a part of our project dissertation we are planning to fabricate a solar air purification system for reduction of air pollution.

scholarly journals Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Ambient Air Quality in China: Atox Quasi-difference-in-difference Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuo ZHANG ◽  
Maogang Tang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
World Health ◽  
Static And Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Pollution Emissions

Abstract The novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) outbreak has provided a distinct opportunity to explore the mechanisms by which human activities affect air quality and pollution emissions. We conduct a quasi-difference-in-differences (DID) analysis of the impacts of lockdown measures on air pollution during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in China. Our study covers 367 cities from the beginning of the lockdown on January 23, 2020 until April 22, two weeks after the lockdown in epicenter was lifted. Static and dynamic analysis of the average treatment effects of treated effects is conducted for the air quality index (AQI) and six criteria pollutants. The results indicate that, first, on average, the AQI decreased by about 7%. However, it was still over the threshold of the World Health Organization (WHO). Second, we detect heterogeneous changes in the level of different pollutants, which suggests heterogeneous impacts of the lockdown on human activities: carbon monoxide (CO) had the biggest drop of about 30% and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) had the second-biggest drop of 20%. In contrast, ozone (O3) increased by 3.74% due to the improvement of visibility. We project that it would reduce the premature deaths related to air pollution by 150 thousand nationwide during the research period, which is much larger than the death due to COVID-19 infections. Third, air pollution rebounded immediately after the number of infections dropped, which indicates a swift recovery of human activities. This study provides insights for the implementation of environmental policies in China and other developing countries.JEL codes: Q51, Q52, Q53

scholarly journals The Covid infodemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Hyland ◽  
Feng (Kevin) Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Highly Cited

Abstract Covid-19, the greatest global health crisis for a century, brought a new immediacy and urgency to international bio-medical research. The pandemic generated intense competition to produce a vaccine and contain the virus, creating what the World Health Organization referred to as an ‘infodemic’ of published output. In this frantic atmosphere, researchers were keen to get their research noticed. In this paper, we explore whether this enthusiasm influenced the rhetorical presentation of research and encouraged scientists to “sell” their studies. Examining a corpus of the most highly cited SCI articles on the virus published in the first seven months of 2020, we explore authors’ use of hyperbolic and promotional language to boost aspects of their research. Our results show a significant increase in hype to stress certainty, contribution, novelty and potential, especially regarding research methods, outcomes and primacy. Our study sheds light on scientific persuasion at a time of intense social anxiety.

Applying Bayesian Networks in the Early Diagnosis of Bulimia and Anorexia Nervosa in Adolescents

2018 ◽  
pp. 364-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Placido Rogerio Pinheiro ◽  
Mirian Caliope Dantas Pinheiro ◽  
Victor Câmera Damasceno ◽  
Marley Costa Marques ◽  
Raquel Souza Bino Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control ◽  
Nursing Diagnoses

The diseases and health problems are concerns of managers of the Unified Health System has costs in more sophisticated care sector are high. The World Health Organization focused on prevention of chronic diseases to prevent millions of premature deaths in the coming years, bringing substantial gains in economic growth by improving the quality of life. Few countries appear to be aimed at prevention, if not note the available knowledge and control of chronic diseases and may represent an unnecessary risk to future generations. Early diagnosis of these diseases is the first step to successful treatment in any age group. The objective is to build a model, from the establishment of a Bayesian network, for the early diagnosis of nursing to identify eating disorders bulimia and anorexia nervosa in adolescents, from the characteristics of the DSM-IV and Nursing Diagnoses The need for greater investment in technology in public health actions aims to increase the knowledge of health professionals, especially nurses, contributing to prevention, decision making and early treatment of problems.

Machine Learning-Based Approach for Predictive Analytics in Healthcare

2022 ◽  
pp. 182-206
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar Hegde ◽  
Monica R. Mundada
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Future Trend ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Health Organization

In this internet era, due to digitization in every application, a huge amount of data is produced digitally from the healthcare sectors. As per the World Health Organization (WHO), the mortality rate due to the various chronic diseases is increasing each day. Every year these diseases are taking lives of at least 50 million people globally, which includes even premature deaths. These days, machine learning (ML)-based predictive analytics are turning out as effective tools in the healthcare sectors. These techniques can extract meaningful insights from the medical data to analyze the future trend. By predicting the risk of diseases at the preliminary stage, the mortality rate can be reduced, and at the same time, the expensive healthcare cost can be eliminated. The chapter aims to briefly provide the domain knowledge on chronic diseases, the biological correlation between theses disease, and more importantly, to explain the application of ML algorithm-based predictive analytics in the healthcare sectors for the early prediction of chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Reducing bias and improving transparency in medical research: a critical overview of the problems, progress and suggested next steps

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (11) ◽  
pp. 433-443
Author(s):  
Stephen H Bradley ◽  
Nicholas J DeVito ◽  
Kelly E Lloyd ◽  
Georgia C Richards ◽  
Tanja Rombey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
World Health ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Research Culture ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Critical Overview ◽  
Organization Research ◽  
Comprehensive Study

In recent years there has been increasing awareness of problems that have undermined trust in medical research. This review outlines some of the most important issues including research culture, reporting biases, and statistical and methodological issues. It examines measures that have been instituted to address these problems and explores the success and limitations of these measures. The paper concludes by proposing three achievable actions which could be implemented to deliver significantly improved transparency and mitigation of bias. These measures are as follows: (1) mandatory registration of interests by those involved in research; (2) that journals support the ‘registered reports’ publication format; and (3) that comprehensive study documentation for all publicly funded research be made available on a World Health Organization research repository. We suggest that achieving such measures requires a broad-based campaign which mobilises public opinion. We invite readers to feedback on the proposed actions and to join us in calling for their implementation.

scholarly journals Noise and Air Pollution Related to Health in Urban Environments

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (20) ◽  
pp. 1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Montes-González ◽  
Rosendo Vílchez-Gómez ◽  
Juan Miguel Barrigón-Morillas ◽  
Pedro Atanasio-Moraga ◽  
Guillermo Rey-Gozalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
European Environmental Agency ◽  
Environmental Health Risk ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Environmental noise is a pollutant considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a threat to public health due to its harmful effects on human health. In this regard, the European Environmental Agency (EEA) indicates that road traffic is the sound source that generates the greatest number of people exposed in Europe to sound levels above what is recommended by the European Noise Directive. In a similar way, the EEA also reports that air pollution is the most important environmental health risk in Europe, where road traffic is one of the main sources of emission of polluting gases. The relationship between both pollutants, leads to think about the development of common strategies. This paper presents a review on recent researches about the relationship of these two types of pollution in urban environments with different types of diseases.

scholarly journals Air Pollution and COVID-19: The Role of Particulate Matter in the Spread and Increase of COVID-19’s Morbidity and Mortality

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Comunian ◽  
Dario Dongo ◽  
Chiara Milani ◽  
Paola Palestini
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
World Health ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Pulmonary Cells ◽  
Health Organization

Sars-Cov-2 virus (COVID-19) is a member of the coronavirus family and is responsible for the pandemic recently declared by the World Health Organization. A positive correlation has been observed between the spread of the virus and air pollution, one of the greatest challenges of our millennium. COVID-19 could have an air transmission and atmospheric particulate matter (PM) could create a suitable environment for transporting the virus at greater distances than those considered for close contact. Moreover, PM induces inflammation in lung cells and exposure to PM could increase the susceptibility and severity of the COVID-19 patient symptoms. The new coronavirus has been shown to trigger an inflammatory storm that would be sustained in the case of pre-exposure to polluting agents. In this review, we highlight the potential role of PM in the spread of COVID-19, focusing on Italian cities whose PM daily concentrations were found to be higher than the annual average allowed during the months preceding the epidemic. Furthermore, we analyze the positive correlation between the virus spread, PM, and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a receptor involved in the entry of the virus into pulmonary cells and inflammation.

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