scholarly journals A System in Package Based on a Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer Matrix for Ranging Applications

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2590
Author(s):  
Alexandre Robichaud ◽  
Dominic Deslandes ◽  
Paul-Vahé Cicek ◽  
Frederic Nabki
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Ultrasonic Transducer ◽  
Ultrasonic Transducers ◽  
Transimpedance Amplifier ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Ultrasonic Ranging ◽  
High Voltage Pulser ◽  
Working Frequency ◽  
Simulation Results

This paper proposes a system in package (SiP) for ultrasonic ranging composed of a 4 × 8 matrix of piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (PMUT) and an interface integrated circuit (IC). The PMUT matrix is fabricated using the PiezoMUMPS process and the IC is implemented in the AMS 0.35 µm technology. Simulation results for the PMUT are compared to the measurement results, and an equivalent circuit has been derived to allow a better approximation of the load of the PMUT on the IC. The control circuit is composed of a high-voltage pulser to drive the PMUT for transmission and of a transimpedance amplifier to amplify the received echo. The working frequency of the system is 1.5 MHz.

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on Bonding Tool Design of Thermosonic Transducer for Flip-Chip Bonding

2012 ◽  
Vol 157-158 ◽  
pp. 1670-1673
Author(s):  
Yi Cheng Huang ◽  
Kun Yang Li
Keyword(s):  
Flip Chip ◽  
Ultrasonic Transducer ◽  
Bonding Process ◽  
Ultrasonic Transducers ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Impedance Characteristic ◽  
Actual Movement ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Lcr Meter ◽  
Tool Position

In this paper, the study for the bonding tool position of ultrasonic transducers for thermosonic Flip-Chip LED bonding is presented. Improving the efficiency of ultrasonic transducers plays an important role in the bonding process. To obtain the actual movement of ultrasonic transducer, finite element method ATILA was employed to get more detailed information. To verify the reliability of simulation results, the impedance characteristic and resonance frequency of the transducer mechanical system have been measured using a LCR meter. Moreover, different mounting position of bonding tool on the transducer was studied. Use ATILA to find the best tool position, and vibration amplitude of the tool was measured by Laser Doppeler Vibrometer. Experimental bonding results are verified by in-house shear force test bed.

scholarly journals Development of Broadband High-Frequency Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer Array

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1823
Author(s):  
Xu-Bo Wang ◽  
Le-Ming He ◽  
You-Cao Ma ◽  
Wen-Juan Liu ◽  
Wei-Jiang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Ultrasonic Transducer ◽  
Ultrasonic Transducers ◽  
Frequency Bandwidth ◽  
Half Wavelength ◽  
Acoustic Beams ◽  
Working Frequency ◽  
Sub Wavelength ◽  
2D Array

Piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (PMUT) are promising elements to fabricate a two-dimensional (2D) array with a pitch small enough (approximately half wavelength) to form and receive arbitrary acoustic beams for medical imaging. However, PMUT arrays have so far failed to combine the wide, high-frequency bandwidth needed to achieve a high axial resolution. In this paper, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) backing structure is introduced into the PMUTs to improve the device bandwidth while keeping a sub-wavelength (λ) pitch. We implement this backing on a 16 × 8 array with 75 µm pitch (3λ/4) with a 15 MHz working frequency. Adding the backing nearly doubles the bandwidth to 92% (−6 dB) and has little influence on the impulse response sensitivity. By widening the transducer bandwidth, this backing may enable using PMUT ultrasonic arrays for high-resolution 3D imaging.

scholarly journals Modification of Cockcroft–Walton-Based High-Voltage Multipliers with 220 V and 50 Hz Input for Non-Thermal Food Processing Apparatus

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6330
Author(s):  
Anurak Jaiwanglok ◽  
Kei Eguchi ◽  
Krit Smerpitak ◽  
Amphawan Julsereewong
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Equivalent Model ◽  
Bipolar Structure ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Digitally Controlled ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Thermal Food Processing

A design of high-voltage multipliers to generate underwater shockwaves is one of the most important factors for successfully providing non-thermal food processing in a cost-effective manner. To be capable of fully utilizing the Cockcroft–Walton-based high-voltage multipliers for underwater shockwave generation, this paper presents a topological modification of three interesting design approaches in bipolar structure for 220 V and 50 Hz AC input to generate more than 3.5 kV DC output within short time periods. In addition to Cockcroft–Walton multipliers (CWMs), the first modified scheme employs a positive full-wave rectifier (FWR) and positive voltage multiplier block (VMB), the second modified scheme employs positive/negative half-wave rectifiers (HWRs), and the last modified scheme employs a switched-capacitor AC-AC converter. To comparatively analyze their performances, the digitally controlled operations of the modified realization schemes as well as their electrical characteristic estimation based on a four-terminal equivalent model are described in detail. The effectiveness of three modified circuit configurations and the correctness of the given theoretical analysis are verified through SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) simulation results. The formulas achieved from theoretical estimation are particularly useful when designing the proposed high-voltage multipliers (HVMs) because good agreement between the theoretical and simulation results can be achieved.

Design, simulation, fabrication and testing of ultrasonic gas flowmeter transducer (sensor)

Sensor Review ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Foad Mousavi ◽  
Seyed Hassan Hashemabadi ◽  
Hossein Azizi Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Transit Time ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Ultrasonic Transducer ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Ultrasonic Transducers ◽  
Acoustic Path ◽  
Flowing Fluid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Simulation Results

Purpose Invasive transit-time ultrasonic flow measurement involves the use of ultrasonic transducers, which sense the flowing fluid and are the most important parts of an ultrasonic flowmeter. In this study, two ultrasonic transducers were designed, numerically simulated and fabricated to be used in an ultrasonic gas flowmeter. Design/methodology/approach PZT-5H piezoceramic elements with specific dimensions were designed and used as beating heart inside the transducers. Different methods, including impedance-frequency analysis, optical emission spectroscopy and performance tests in pressurized chambers were used to evaluate the piezoelectric elements, ultrasonic transducer housings and the fabricated transducers, respectively. In addition, finite element method results showed its ability for design stages of ultrasonic transducer. Findings Experimental results for transit time difference (TTD) and the normalized received voltage were compared with simulation results at the same conditions. There was a quite good agreement between the two method results. Extensive simulation results showed that under the considered range of environmental conditions, the change of acoustic path length has the most impact on TTD, with respect to temperature and pressure. A change of 1 mm in acoustic path length leads to 0.74 per cent change in TTD, approximately. In addition, for normalized received voltage, 1 bar change in pressure has the most impact and its value is as high as 3.76 per cent. Practical implications This method is possibly used in ultrasonic gas flowmeter fabrication. Originality/value In this work, design, fabrication, experimental tests and numerical simulation of ultrasonic transducers are presented.

scholarly journals CONSTRUCTION OF AN ULTRASONIC TOMOGRAPH FOR ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE FIELD OF REFLECTION AND TRANSMISSION WAVES

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Tomasz Rymarczyk ◽  
Michał Gołąbek ◽  
Piotr Lesiak ◽  
Andrzej Marciniak ◽  
Mirosław Guzik
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Liquid Crystal Display ◽  
Ultrasound Tomography ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Reflection And Transmission ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Design Goal ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
High Voltage Pulser

This article presents the ultrasonic structure for the analysis of technological processes in the field of reflective and transmission waves. Ultrasound tomography enables the analysis of processes occurring in the examined object without interfering with its interior through appropriate acquisition and analysis of data. The design goal is to verify the repeatability of measurement results by eliminating laboratory equipment. The ultrasonic tomograph has been designed in a modular way and consists of a motherboard connected to an analog signal conditioning board, a liquid crystal display with an integrated graphics processor and a high voltage pulser with a 64 channel multiplexer. The solution was designed for tomographic measurements of technological process properties.

scholarly journals Modeling of German Low Voltage Cables with Ground Return Path

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Geis-Schroer ◽  
Sebastian Hubschneider ◽  
Lukas Held ◽  
Frederik Gielnik ◽  
Michael Armbruster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Analytical Calculation ◽  
Laboratory Measurement ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Return Path

In this contribution, measurement data of phase, neutral, and ground currents from real low voltage (LV) feeders in Germany is presented and analyzed. The data obtained is used to review and evaluate common modeling approaches for LV systems. An alternative modeling approach for detailed cable and ground modeling, which allows for the consideration of typical German LV earthing conditions and asymmetrical cable design, is proposed. Further, analytical calculation methods for model parameters are described and compared to laboratory measurement results of real LV cables. The models are then evaluated in terms of parameter sensitivity and parameter relevance, focusing on the influence of conventionally performed simplifications, such as neglecting house junction cables, shunt admittances, or temperature dependencies. By comparing measurement data from a real LV feeder to simulation results, the proposed modeling approach is validated.

Simulation on the Regulating Characteristics of the Pulse Modulation Hydraulic Hammer

2011 ◽  
Vol 422 ◽  
pp. 176-183
Author(s):  
Gang Wang ◽  
Yu Wan Cen
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Impact Frequency ◽  
Pulse Modulation ◽  
Motion Equations ◽  
Hydraulic Hammer ◽  
Working Frequency ◽  
Simulation Results

To improve the regulating characteristics of impact energy, simplify structure of hydraulic hammer, a new pulse modulation hydraulic hammer is presented in the paper which can help regulate its impact frequency easily. The motion equations of the hydraulic hammer are established, its simulation model is obtained and the dynamic simulation is carried out on AMESim. The dynamics of high-speed ON/OFF valve is taken into account in the simulation model. The tendency of simulation results conforms to experimental results; it shows that the pulse modulation hydraulic hammer is feasible, and the hydraulic hammer model is reasonable. The time delay in high working frequency is also analyzed.

High-voltage pulser for ultrasound medical imaging applications

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongning Zhao ◽  
Meng Tong Tan ◽  
Hyouk-Kyu Cha ◽  
Jinli Qu ◽  
Yan Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
High Voltage Pulser

Manage the Risk of Turbine Rotor Failure

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Yates ◽  
Angelo Tarantino ◽  
Joop Kraijesteijn
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Transducer ◽  
Large Body ◽  
The United States ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Ultrasonic Transducers ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Utility Industry ◽  
Power Generation Equipment ◽  
Accepted Practice

Turbine rotors failure has resulted in a broad spectrum of events ranging from catastrophic burst to prolonged forced outages that ultimately have significant economic costs for affected utilities. Avoiding turbine rotor failure and its associated cost requires a detailed understanding of the operational reliability of power generation equipment. Nearly all large body turbine and generator rotors manufactured in the United States typically have a central bore hole that provides suitable access from which to conduct various material inspections. The term “boresonics” has become synonymous with the procedure for performing ultrasonic examination of turbine rotor material as conducted from the surface of a central bore cavity. Boresonics is now a fairly common and accepted practice throughout the utility industry. In general, boresonics involves passing ultrasonic transducers through the rotor bore to search a given volume of material for flaws at different locations and orientations within a rotor forging. Each individual ultrasonic transducer has specific inherent performance characteristics based on known wave physics that governs the art of ultrasonic testing. The results of boresonic inspections offer utility engineers a basis for making intelligent decisions on the condition of turbine and generator rotors. This paper describes how boresonic inspections are typically performed in the industry. Furthermore, the paper will give a description of the equipment and required skills of the system operators and will present examples of findings based on KEMA’s experience in this field.

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