scholarly journals Recent Advances in ZnO-Based Carbon Monoxide Sensors: Role of Doping

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4425
Author(s):  
Ana María Pineda-Reyes ◽  
María R. Herrera-Rivera ◽  
Hugo Rojas-Chávez ◽  
Heriberto Cruz-Martínez ◽  
Dora I. Medina
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Doped Zno

Monitoring and detecting carbon monoxide (CO) are critical because this gas is toxic and harmful to the ecosystem. In this respect, designing high-performance gas sensors for CO detection is necessary. Zinc oxide-based materials are promising for use as CO sensors, owing to their good sensing response, electrical performance, cost-effectiveness, long-term stability, low power consumption, ease of manufacturing, chemical stability, and non-toxicity. Nevertheless, further progress in gas sensing requires improving the selectivity and sensitivity, and lowering the operating temperature. Recently, different strategies have been implemented to improve the sensitivity and selectivity of ZnO to CO, highlighting the doping of ZnO. Many studies concluded that doped ZnO demonstrates better sensing properties than those of undoped ZnO in detecting CO. Therefore, in this review, we analyze and discuss, in detail, the recent advances in doped ZnO for CO sensing applications. First, experimental studies on ZnO doped with transition metals, boron group elements, and alkaline earth metals as CO sensors are comprehensively reviewed. We then focused on analyzing theoretical and combined experimental–theoretical studies. Finally, we present the conclusions and some perspectives for future investigations in the context of advancements in CO sensing using doped ZnO, which include room-temperature gas sensing.

scholarly journals Recent advances in g-C3N4 based gas sensors for the detection of toxic and flammable gases: a review

Nano Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijendra Singh Bhati ◽  
Vishakha Takhar ◽  
Ramesh Raliya ◽  
Mahesh Kumar ◽  
Rupak Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensors ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
2D Nanomaterials ◽  
Significant Attention

Abstract In recent years, many 2D nanomaterials like graphene, MoS2, phosphorene, and metal oxide nanosheets have been investigated for gas sensing applications due to their excellent properties. Amongst other 2D nanomaterials, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has attracted significant attention owing to its simple synthesis process, tunable electronic properties, and exceptional physicochemical properties. Such remarkable properties assert g-C3N4 as a potential candidate for the next-generation high-performance gas sensors employed in the detection of toxic and flammable gases. Although several articles and reviews are available on g-C3N4 for their synthesis, functionalities, and applications for the detection of humidity. Few of them has focused their attention on gas sensing using g-C3N4. Thus, in this review, we have methodically summed up the recent advances in g-C3N4 and its composites-based gas sensor for the detection of toxic and flammable gases. Moreover, we have also incorporated the synthesis strategies and the comprehensive physics of g-C3N4 based gas sensors. Additionally, different approaches are presented for the enhancement of gas sensing/detecting properties of g-C3N4 based gas sensors. Finally, the challenges and future scope of g-C3N4 based gas sensors for real-time monitoring of gases have been discussed.

scholarly journals Optimization of a Low-Power Chemoresistive Gas Sensor: Predictive Thermal Modelling and Mechanical Failure Analysis

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Gaiardo ◽  
David Novel ◽  
Elia Scattolo ◽  
Michele Crivellari ◽  
Antonino Picciotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Mechanical Failure ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Sensing Material ◽  
Silicon Bulk

The substrate plays a key role in chemoresistive gas sensors. It acts as mechanical support for the sensing material, hosts the heating element and, also, aids the sensing material in signal transduction. In recent years, a significant improvement in the substrate production process has been achieved, thanks to the advances in micro- and nanofabrication for micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technologies. In addition, the use of innovative materials and smaller low-power consumption silicon microheaters led to the development of high-performance gas sensors. Various heater layouts were investigated to optimize the temperature distribution on the membrane, and a suspended membrane configuration was exploited to avoid heat loss by conduction through the silicon bulk. However, there is a lack of comprehensive studies focused on predictive models for the optimization of the thermal and mechanical properties of a microheater. In this work, three microheater layouts in three membrane sizes were developed using the microfabrication process. The performance of these devices was evaluated to predict their thermal and mechanical behaviors by using both experimental and theoretical approaches. Finally, a statistical method was employed to cross-correlate the thermal predictive model and the mechanical failure analysis, aiming at microheater design optimization for gas-sensing applications.

scholarly journals Stability of Polythiophene-Based Transistors upon Bending for Gas Sensing Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Vinicius Ramos Zanchin ◽  
Marco Roberto Cavallari ◽  
Fernando Josepetti Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Hole Mobility ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Curvature Radius ◽  
Flexible Substrates ◽  
Organic Thin Film ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Fabrication Procedure ◽  
Bending Stresses ◽  
Poly Ethylene

It is presented herein a fabrication procedure for organic thin film transistors over flexible substrates, as well as an evaluation of the electrical performance upon bending stresses. Top gate/bottom contact flexible transistors of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) were successfully fabricated, by carefully tuning organic films drying temperatures, photolithography solvents and the pattern of electrode pads. The transistors were processed over both rigid and flexible substrates for comparison purposes. A P3HT hole mobility approaching 0.01 cm2/Vs was observed for all devices and even on different substrates. In spite of a current modulation of ca. 10, P3HT over poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) featured transistor behavior upon bending down to a curvature radius of 8 mm. Bending direction, however, produced different effects on the transistor characteristics, especially on gold electrodes.

scholarly journals Gas Sensing Properties of NiSb2O6 Micro- and Nanoparticles in Propane and Carbon Monoxide Atmospheres

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica-M. Rodríguez-Betancourtt ◽  
Héctor Guillén Bonilla ◽  
Martín Flores Martínez ◽  
Alex Guillén Bonilla ◽  
J. P. Moran Lazaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Colloidal Method ◽  
Antimony Chloride ◽  
20 Nm

Micro- and nanoparticles of NiSb2O6 were synthesized by the microwave-assisted colloidal method. Nickel nitrate, antimony chloride, ethylenediamine, and ethyl alcohol were used. The oxide was obtained at 600°C and was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy, showing a trirutile-type structure with cell parameters a = 4.641 Å, c = 9.223 Å, and a space group P42/mnm (136). Average crystal size was estimated at ~31.19 nm, according to the XRD-peaks. The microstructure was scrutinized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), observing microrods measuring ~3.32 μm long and ~2.71 μm wide, and microspheres with an average diameter of ~8 μm; the size of the particles shaping the microspheres was measured in the range of ~0.22 to 1.8 μm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that nanoparticles were obtained with sizes in the range of 2 to 20 nm (~10.7 nm on average). Pellets made of oxide’s powders were tested in propane (C3H8) and carbon monoxide (CO) atmospheres at different concentrations and temperatures. The response of the material increased significantly as the temperature and the concentration of the test gases rose. These results show that NiSb2O6 may be a good candidate for gas sensing applications.

scholarly journals A Room Temperature Gas Sensor Based on Sulfonated SWCNTs for the Detection of NO and NO2

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eusebiu Ionete ◽  
Stefan Spiridon ◽  
Bogdan Monea ◽  
Elena Stratulat
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Specific Configuration ◽  
P Type ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Type Response

The electrical response of sulfonated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to NO and NO2, for gas sensing applications, at room temperature, is reported in this work. A specific configuration based on SWCNT deposition between double pair configuration gold electrodes, supported on a substrate, was considered for the sensing device; employed characterization technique where FTIR and SEM. The experimental results showed a p-type response of the sulfonated SWCNTs, with decrease in resistance, under exposure to NO gas (40–200 ppb) and NO2 (40–200 ppb). Also, the sensor responses to successive exposures at NO2 800 ppb together with investigation of long term stability, at 485 ppb for NO, are reported. The reaction mechanism in case of NO and NO2 detection with sulfonated SWCNTs is presented.

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