scholarly journals Practical Particulate Matter Sensing and Accurate Calibration System Using Low-Cost Commercial Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6162
Author(s):  
Hyuntae Cho ◽  
Yunju Baek
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Scattering Method ◽  
Calibration System ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Temperature And Humidity

Air pollution is a social problem, because the harmful suspended materials can cause diseases and deaths to humans. Specifically, particulate matters (PM), a form of air pollution, can contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and lung diseases. Nowadays, humans are exposed to PM pollution everywhere because it occurs in both indoor and outdoor environments. To purify or ventilate polluted air, one need to accurately monitor the ambient air quality. Therefore, this study proposed a practical particulate matter sensing and accurate calibration system using low-cost commercial sensors. The proposed system basically uses noisy and inaccurate PM sensors to measure the ambient air pollution. This paper mainly deals with three types of error caused in the light scattering method: short-term noise, part-to-part variation, and temperature and humidity interferences. We propose a simple short-term noise reduction method to correct measurement errors, an auto-fitting calibration for part-to-part repeatability to pinpoint the baseline of the signal that affects the performance of the system, and a temperature and humidity compensation method. This paper also contains the experiment setup and performance evaluation to prove the superiority of the proposed methods. Based on the evaluation of the performance of the proposed system, part-to-part repeatability was less than 2 μg/m3 and the standard deviation was approximately 1.1 μg/m3 in the air. When the proposed approaches are used for other optical sensors, it can result in better performance.

1271Short-term effects of exposure to ambient fine particulate matter on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a nationwide case-crossover study in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Zhao ◽  
F H Johnston ◽  
F Salimi ◽  
K Negishi
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Abstract Introduction The cardiovascular health consequences of ambient air pollution generally equal or exceed those due to pulmonary diseases and cancers. Particulate matter less than 2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) has become a major focus of research on the short-term exposure to air pollution and cardiovascular disease. However, the evidence regarding the association between several air pollutants and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), has been inconsistent, which could be due to limited sample sizes (∼11,000). Thus, a larger study may assist in characterising possible associations. Purpose This study aimed to identify the associations between exposure to ambient air pollution and the incidence of OHCA in Japan. Methods A case-crossover design was used to determine the odds ratio (OR) of OHCA across Japan with daily exposure of PM2.5, carbon monoxide (CO), photochemical oxidants (Ox), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) on the day of the arrest or 1–3 days before it (lag 0–3). OHCA cases were identified through the All-Japan Utstein registry of the Fire and Disaster Management Agency from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2015. All cause OHCAs were investigated by conditional logistic regression adjusted for daily temperature and relative humidity. Results A total of 249,372 OHCAs were included during study period. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in daily PM2.5 exposure over 4 days was associated with all cause OHCA risk (lag 0: OR 1.017, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.010, 1.024; lag 1: OR 1.015, 95% CI 1.008, 1.022; lag 2: OR 1.018, 95% CI 1.011, 1.025; lag 3: OR 1.021, 95% CI 1.014, 1.028; lag 0–1: OR 1.022, 95% CI 1.014, 1.030). CO, Ox and SO2 also showed significant associations with OHCAs. In the multi-pollutant model, the effects of PM2.5 remained independent of CO, Ox and SO2 (Table). Conclusion Short-term exposure to PM2.5 was independently associated with an increased risk of OHCA.

Short-term effects of ambient air pollution on emergency room admissions due to cardiovascular causes in Beijing, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 230 ◽  
pp. 974-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxia Ma ◽  
Yuxin Zhao ◽  
Sixu Yang ◽  
Jianding Zhou ◽  
Jinyuan Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Beijing China ◽  
Short Term Effects

scholarly journals Short-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Mortality From Myocardial Infarction

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuewei Liu ◽  
Jingju Pan ◽  
Chuangang Fan ◽  
Ruijun Xu ◽  
Yaqi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure

scholarly journals Short-Term Effects of Ambient Air Pollution On Daily Emergency Room Visits for Abdominal Pain: A Time-Series Study in Wuhan, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaqi Liu ◽  
Yi Jiang ◽  
Manyi Wu ◽  
Sunghar Muheyat ◽  
Dongai Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Emergency Room Visits ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Series Study ◽  
Series Study

Abstract Background There are few studies focused on the correlations between ambient air pollution and abdominal pain, especially in emergency departments in China. Method: Daily data (from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018), including air pollution concentration (SO2, NO2, PM2.5, PM10, CO, and O3) and meteorological variables, for daily emergency room visits (ERVs) were collected in Wuhan, China. We conducted a time-series study to investigate the potential correlation between six ambient air pollutants and ERVs for abdominal pain and their effects, in different genders, ages and seasons. Results A total of 16,306 abdominal pain ERVs were identified during the study period. A 10-µg/m3 increase in concentration of SO2, NO2, PM2.5, PM10, CO, and O3 corresponded respectively to incremental increases in abdominal pain of 6.12% (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.44-13.12), 1.65% (95%CI: -0.25-3.59), 1.12% (95%CI: -0.18-2.44), 0.38% (95%CI: -1.09-1.87), 9.87% (95%CI:3.14–17.05) and 1.11% (95%CI: 0.03–2.21). We observed significant correlations between CO and O3 and daily abdominal pain ERVs increase, and positive but insignificant correlations between the other pollutants and ERVs. The effects were stronger mainly for females (especially SO2 and O3) and younger people (especially CO and O3). The correlations of PM2.5 and PM10 were stronger in cool seasons, while the correlation of CO was stronger in warm seasons. Conclusion Our time-series study suggested that short-term exposure to air pollution (especially CO and O3) was positively correlated with ERVs for abdominal pain in Wuhan, China, and that their effects varied by season, gender and age. These data can add evidence on how air pollutants affect the human body, and may prompt hospitals to take specific precautions on polluted days and maintain order in emergency departments made busier due to the pollution.

scholarly journals Short-Term Effects of Ambient Air Pollution on Hospitalization for Respiratory Disease in Taiyuan, China: A Time-Series Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisha Luo ◽  
Yunquan Zhang ◽  
Junfeng Jiang ◽  
Hanghang Luan ◽  
Chuanhua Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ambient Air Pollutants ◽  
Short Term Effects

In this study, we estimated the short-term effects of ambient air pollution on respiratory disease hospitalization in Taiyuan, China. Daily data of respiratory disease hospitalization, daily concentration of ambient air pollutants and meteorological factors from 1 October 2014 to 30 September 2017 in Taiyuan were included in our study. We conducted a time-series study design and applied a generalized additive model to evaluate the association between every 10-μg/m3 increment of air pollutants and percent increase of respiratory disease hospitalization. A total of 127,565 respiratory disease hospitalization cases were included in this study during the present period. In single-pollutant models, the effect values in multi-day lags were greater than those in single-day lags. PM2.5 at lag02 days, SO2 at lag03 days, PM10 and NO2 at lag05 days were observed to be strongly and significantly associated with respiratory disease hospitalization. No significant association was found between O3 and respiratory disease hospitalization. SO2 and NO2 were still significantly associated with hospitalization after adjusting for PM2.5 or PM10 into two-pollutant models. Females and younger population for respiratory disease were more vulnerable to air pollution than males and older groups. Therefore, some effective measures should be taken to strengthen the management of the ambient air pollutants, especially SO2 and NO2, and to enhance the protection of the high-risk population from air pollutants, thereby reducing the burden of respiratory disease caused by ambient air pollution.

Exploring Air Pollution and COVID-19 Linkages in South Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthukumara Mani ◽  
Takahiro Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Form Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Death

South Asia is at the epicenter of the global air pollution problems and still evolving in COVID-19 cases and fatalities. There is growing evidence of increased rates of COVID-19 in areas with high levels of air pollution. Air pollution is found to cause cellular damage and inflammation throughout the body and has been linked to higher rates of diseases, including cancer, heart disease, stroke, diabetes, asthma, and other comorbidities. All these conditions also potentially increase the risk of death in COVID-19 patients. The causal link between the exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 is still under investigation around the world, underpinned by rigorous scientific research and peer-review processes. However, in terms of the approach after a careful review of the literature, the instrumental variable (IV) approach is a prospective candidate to establish causality in a reduced-form analysis to overcome endogeneity and measurement errors of air pollution level. An analysis, therefore, using sufficiently anonymized individual and household level information on COVID-19, household air pollution, and other individual and household socioeconomic endowments in the same primary sampling unit (PSU) of the individual and household survey would be necessary to establish the causality. The PSU data are usually available from demographic health surveys (DHS) with randomly displaced location information to maintain anonymity. Also, for the instrument of the exposure to ambient air pollution, the use of thermal inversions is suggested conditional on weather-related variables—for example, temperature, precipitation, wind velocity and direction, and humidity.

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