scholarly journals Non-Invasive Inspections: A Review on Methods and Tools

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 8474
Author(s):  
Mubarak Alotaibi ◽  
Barmak Honarvar Shakibaei Asli ◽  
Muhammad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Flux Analysis ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Shaft Misalignment ◽  
Machine Health ◽  
Radar Sensing ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Alternative Current ◽  
Tools And Methods ◽  
Health Diagnosis

Non-Invasive Inspection (NII) has become a fundamental tool in modern industrial maintenance strategies. Remote and online inspection features keep operators fully aware of the health of industrial assets whilst saving money, lives, production and the environment. This paper conducted crucial research to identify suitable sensing techniques for machine health diagnosis in an NII manner, mainly to detect machine shaft misalignment and gearbox tooth damage for different types of machines, even those installed in a hostile environment, using literature on several sensing tools and techniques. The researched tools are critically reviewed based on the published literature. However, in the absence of a formal definition of NII in the existing literature, we have categorised NII tools and methods into two distinct categories. Later, we describe the use of these tools as contact-based, such as vibration, alternative current (AC), voltage and flux analysis, and non-contact-based, such as laser, imaging, acoustic, thermographic and radar, under each category in detail. The unaddressed issues and challenges are discussed at the end of the paper. The conclusions suggest that one cannot single out an NII technique or method to perform health diagnostics for every machine efficiently. There are limitations with all of the reviewed tools and methods, but good results possible if the machine operational requirements and maintenance needs are considered. It has been noted that the sensors based on radar principles are particularly effective when monitoring assets, but further comprehensive research is required to explore the full potential of these sensors in the context of the NII of machine health. Hence it was identified that the radar sensing technique has excellent features, although it has not been comprehensively employed in machine health diagnosis.

BIM Application in Documenting and Recreating Lost Architectural Heritage

2019 ◽  
pp. 112-141
Author(s):  
Paola Casu ◽  
Claudia Pisu
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Digital Archiving ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Definition Of

The digital archiving process of complex historical architectural 3D models is a key point in the field of tangible cultural heritage. A lot of research focus on the definition of methodologies and tools that exploit the full potential of ICT applied to the documentation of cultural heritage. This chapter illustrates a part of a study in this line of investigation. It focuses on the use of BIM for the reconstruction of lost architectural heritage. BIM will be applied to virtual reconstruct the nineteenth-century covered food market of Cagliari that was demolished in 1957. Thanks to the properties of BIM to enter information related to each element constituting a building, every part of the model will be accompanied by information on the degree of reliability and references adopted for its creation. In this way, each family of elements could more easily and knowingly be reused for other similar projects.

scholarly journals Condition Monitoring of Forward Curved Centrifugal Blower Using Coast Down Time Analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
G. R. Rameshkumar ◽  
B. V. A. Rao ◽  
K. P. Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Centrifugal Blower ◽  
Rotating Machine ◽  
Monitoring Parameter ◽  
Shaft Misalignment ◽  
Sustained Operation ◽  
Mechanical Faults ◽  
Machine Health ◽  
Reduction Percentage

Mechanical malfunctions such as, rotor unbalance and shaft misalignment are the most common causes of vibration in rotating machineries. Vibration is the most widely used parameter to monitor and asses the machine health condition. In this work, the Coast Down Time (CDT), which is an indicator of faults, is used to assess the condition of the rotating machine as a condition monitoring parameter. CDT is the total time taken by the system to dissipate the momentum acquired during sustained operation. Extensive experiments were conducted on Forward Curved Centrifugal Blower Test Rig at selected cutoff speeds for several combinations of combined horizontal and vertical parallel misalignment, combined parallel and angular misalignment, as well as for various unbalance conditions. As mechanical faults increase, a drastic decrease in CDT is found and this is represented as CDT reduction percentage. A specific correlation between the CDT reduction percentage, level of mechanical faults, and rotational cutoff speeds is observed. The results are analyzed and compared with vibration analysis for potential use of CDT as one of the condition monitoring parameter.

Embodied Research in Migration Studies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Vacchelli
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Colonial Theory ◽  
Embodied Research ◽  
Definition Of

The definition of data in qualitative research is expanding. This book highlights the value of embodiment as a qualitative research tool and outlines what it means to do embodied research at various points of the research process. It shows how using this non-invasive approach with vulnerable research participants such as migrant, refugee, and asylum-seeking women can help service users or research participants to be involved in the co-production of services and in participatory research. Drawing on both feminist and post-colonial theory, the author uses her own research with migrant women in London, focusing specifically on collage making and digital storytelling, whilst also considering other potential tools for practicing embodied research such as yoga, personal diaries, dance, and mindfulness. Situating the concept of ‘embodiment’ on the map of research methodologies, the book combines theoretical groundwork with actual examples of application to think pragmatically about intersectionality through embodiment.

Understanding Agent-Oriented Software Engineering methodologies

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge J. Gómez-Sanz ◽  
Rubén Fuentes-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Software Engineering ◽  
Agent Technology ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Agent Oriented Software Engineering ◽  
Development Phases ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Software Lifecycle ◽  
Development Methods ◽  
Tools And Methods ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractFor many years, the progress in agent-oriented development has focused on tools and methods for particular development phases. This has not been enough for the industry to accept agent technology as we expected. Our hypothesis is that the Agent-Oriented Software Engineering (AOSE) community has not recognized the kind of development methods that industry actually demands. We propose to analyze this hypothesis starting with a more precise definition of what an AOSE methodology should be. This definition is the first step for a review of the current progress of an illustrative selection of methodologies, looking for missing elements and future lines of improvement. The result is an account of how well the AOSE community is meeting the software lifecycle needs. It can be advanced that AOSE methodologies are far from providing all the answers industry requires and that effort has grounded mainly in requirements, design, and implementation phases.

Morphological classification and definition of benign, preneoplastic and non-invasive neoplastic lesions of the urinary bladder

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 621-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Montironi ◽  
A Lopez-Beltran ◽  
M Scarpelli ◽  
R Mazzucchelli ◽  
L Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Morphological Classification ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Definition Of

Echocardiographic imaging of anomalous origin of the coronary arteries

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (S3) ◽  
pp. 26-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryl S. Cohen ◽  
René J. Herlong ◽  
Norman H. Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Pulmonary Trunk ◽  
Anomalous Origin ◽  
Ventricular Performance ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Left Ventricular Dilation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Anomalous Coronary

AbstractIn the past, coronary arterial anomalies have been difficult to diagnose by non-invasive methods. Identification of coronary arterial origins is now a routine part of the standard paediatric echocardiogram. Anomalous origin of a coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk is an extremely important diagnosis to make. Many echocardiographic features are not directly related to the visualisation of the coronary arterial origin. Left ventricular dilation and abnormal ventricular performance are common, along with mitral regurgitation and evidence of collateralisation of the flow from the coronary artery that has an aortic origin. In some cases, the anomalous coronary artery can be seen to arise directly from the pulmonary trunk. Congenital atresia of the main stem of the left coronary artery has a similar echocardiographic presentation, except that its aortic origin is not determined. Anomalous aortic origin of the coronary artery has important implications, as the first presenting symptom can be sudden death. With meticulous attention to the origins of the coronary arteries, echocardiographic diagnosis can also be achieved. In contrast to the anomalous origin of a coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk, ventricular performance is usually normal. Whenever there is doubt as to the definition of the origin of the coronary arteries and, indeed, when there is serious clinical concern that a coronary artery has an anomalous origin, other testing, such as cine-computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or cardiac catheterisation may be indicated for confirmation or to provide greater anatomic detail.

scholarly journals Vital capacity and valvular dysfunction could serve as non-invasive predictors to screen for exercise pulmonary hypertension in the elderly based on a new diagnostic score

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Simon Wernhart ◽  
Jürgen Hedderich ◽  
Eberhard Weihe
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Diagnostic Score ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Right Heart Catheterisation ◽  
Definition Of

Introduction: Exercise pulmonary hypertension (exPH) has been defined as total pulmonary resistance (TPR) >3 mm Hg/L/min and mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) >30 mm Hg, albeit with a considerable risk of false positives in elderly patients with lower cardiac output during exercise. Methods:We retrospectively analysed patients with unclear dyspnea receiving right heart catheterisation at rest and exercise (n=244) between January 2015 and January 2020. Lung function testing, blood gas analysis, and echocardiography were performed. We elaborated a combinatorial score to advance the current definition of exPH in an elderly population (mean age 67.0 years±11.9). A stepwise regression model was calculated to non-invasively predict exPH. Results: Analysis of variables across the achieved peak power allowed the creation of a model for defining exPH, where three out of four criteria needed to be fulfilled: Peak power ≤100 Watt, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure ≥18 mm Hg, pulmonary vascular resistance >3 Wood Units, and mPAP ≥35 mm Hg. The new scoring model resulted in a lower number of exPH diagnoses than the current suggestion (63.1% vs. 78.3%). We present a combinatorial model with vital capacity (VCmax) and valvular dysfunction to predict exPH (sensitivity 93.2%; specificity 44.2%, area under the curve 0.73) based on our suggested criteria. The odds of the presence of exPH were 2.1 for a 1 l loss in VCmax and 3.6 for having valvular dysfunction. Conclusion: We advance a revised definition of exPH in elderly patients in order to overcome current limitations. We establish a new non-invasive approach to predict exPH by assessing VCmax and valvular dysfunction for early risk stratification in elderly patients.

scholarly journals Pedagogical and Methodological Aspects of Non-Invasive Monitoring (case of Teaching Mathematics at School and University)

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-145
Author(s):  
Anton Chukhnov ◽  
◽  
Sergei Pozdnyakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Invasive Monitoring ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Properties Of Information ◽  
Methodological Aspects

The development of information technologies makes it possible to record a large amount of data in the learning process, both on the results of performing educational operations and on the psychophysical characteristics of students. In this regard, a number of ethical, pedagogical and methodological problems arise. Among them are the disproportionate control actions to the volume and properties of information retrieved during monitoring and problems associated with ensuring the information security of the student. In contrast to natural monitoring, monitoring the management of teaching has as an object of training a person, who can be considered, from the point of view of management, as a highly organized information system. The article is devoted to the study of the problem of non-invasive monitoring, involving the redirection of most of the monitoring information to the student himself. As a definition of non-invasive monitoring, the following is proposed: non-invasive monitoring is a type of pedagogical feedback that is used exclusively for correcting the student’s actions and is prohibited from using to control the effectiveness and transfer the results outside class. The article analyzes 15 different teaching paradigms, which are explicitly or implicitly adhered to by teachers, organizing the educational process, from the point of view of compliance with the tasks of non-invasive monitoring. The methodological aspects of the implementation of non-invasive monitoring from the point of view of computer support of the learning process are also analyzed. It is shown how non-invasive monitoring can be supported by software that provides active interaction of the student with the subject environment and gives the teacher more freedom in planning and achieving strategic goals of managing the educational process.

scholarly journals Breast Cancer and p16: Role in Proliferation, Malignant Transformation and Progression

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1240
Author(s):  
Dalibor V. Jovanovic ◽  
Slobodanka L. Mitrovic ◽  
Milos Z. Milosavljevic ◽  
Milena B. Ilic ◽  
Vesna D. Stankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Nuclear Staining ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Stromal Fibroblasts ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
P16 Protein ◽  
Cytological Changes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
P16 Expression

The definition of new molecular biomarkers could provide a more reliable approach in predicting the prognosis of invasive breast cancers (IBC). The aim of this study is to analyze the expression of p16 protein in IBC, as well as its participation in malignant transformation. The study included 147 patients diagnosed with IBC. The presence of non-invasive lesions (NIL) was noted in each IBC and surrounding tissue. p16 expression was determined by reading the percentage of nuclear and/or cytoplasmic expression in epithelial cells of IBC and NIL, but also in stromal fibroblasts. Results showed that expression of p16 increases with the progression of cytological changes in the epithelium; it is significantly higher in IBC compared to NIL (p < 0.0005). Cytoplasmic p16 expression is more prevalent in IBC (76.6%), as opposed to nuclear staining, which is characteristic of most NIL (21.1%). There is a difference in p16 expression between different molecular subtypes of IBC (p = 0.025). In the group of p16 positive tumors, pronounced mononuclear infiltrates (p = 0.047) and increased expression of p16 in stromal fibroblasts (p = 0.044) were noted. In conclusion, p16 protein plays an important role in proliferation, malignant transformation, as well as in progression from NIL to IBC.

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