scholarly journals Hazard Perception–Response: A Theoretical Framework to Explain Drivers’ Interactions with Roadway Hazards

Safety ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Daniela Barragan ◽  
Matthew S. Peterson ◽  
Yi-Ching Lee
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Research ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
Related Research

Research suggests that novice drivers are most susceptible to errors when detecting and responding to hazards. If this were true, then hazard training should be effective in improving novice drivers’ performance. However, there is limited evidence to support this effectiveness. Much of this research has overlooked a fundamental aspect of psychological research: theory. Although four theoretical frameworks were developed to explain this process, none have been validated. We proposed a theoretical framework to more accurately explain drivers’ behavior when interacting with hazardous situations. This framework is novel in that it leverages support from visual attention and driving behavior research. Hazard-related constructs are defined and suitable metrics to evaluate the stages in hazard processing are suggested. Additionally, individual differences which affect hazard-related skills are also discussed. This new theoretical framework may explain why the conflicts in current hazard-related research fail to provide evidence that training such behaviors reduces crash risk. Future research is necessary to empirically test this framework.

scholarly journals ESL/EFL Learners' Responses to Teacher Written Feedback: Reviewing a Recent Decade of Empirical Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Yu ◽  
Luxin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Written Feedback ◽  
Mixed Method Research ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Learner Responses

Teacher written feedback (TWF) has long been regarded as a necessary pedagogical tool for improving the writing proficiency of ESL/EFL learners, while student responses to this feedback can often reflect its effectiveness. This paper reviews 64 articles appearing in high-ranking journals during 2010–2021 in terms of research methodology, theoretical framework and main findings. Analysis of these articles reveals few studies adopted any theoretical frameworks to examine learner responses to TWF and suggests a need for longitudinal naturalistic studies adopting mixed methods and some theoretical framework such as sociocultural theory of mind (SCT) to better explain learners' dynamic engagement in response to TWF. The main findings of these previous studies reveal the diverse responses among learners at different language proficiency levels and in various sociocultural contexts. The results of the review indicate that future research could take classroom-based mixed-method research design to investigate learner variables.

scholarly journals Theorizing Community for Sport Management Research and Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle A. Rich ◽  
Ramón Spaaij ◽  
Laura Misener
Keyword(s):  
Sport Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Sport Policy ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
A Site ◽  
Practical Implications

Community is a context for much research in sport, sport management, and sport policy, yet relatively few authors explicitly articulate the theoretical frameworks with which they interrogate the concept. In this paper, we draw from communitarian theory and politics in order to contribute to a robust discussion and conceptualization of community in and for sport management research and practice. We provide a synthesis of current sport management and related research in order to highlight contemporary theoretical and methodological approaches to studying community. We distinguish between community as a context, as an outcome, as a site for struggle or resistance, as well as a form of regulation or social control. We then advance a critical communitarian agenda and consider the practical implications and considerations for research and practice. This paper synthesizes current research and establishes a foundation upon which sport management scholars and practitioners might critically reflect on community and deliberatively articulate its implications in both future research and practice.

scholarly journals A Neurofuzzy Approach to Modeling Longitudinal Driving Behavior and Driving Task Complexity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Hoogendoorn ◽  
B. van Arem ◽  
S. P. Hoogendoorn
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Adaptation Effects

Technological innovations can be assumed to have made the driving task more complex. It is, however, not yet clear to what extent this complexity leads to changes in longitudinal driving behavior. Furthermore, it remains to be seen how these adaptation effects can best be modeled mathematically. In order to determine the effect of complexity on empirical longitudinal driving behavior we performed a driving simulator experiment with a repeated measures design. Through this experiment we established that complexity of the driving task leads to substantial changes in speed and spacing. In order to provide insight into how complexity is actually related to changes in longitudinal driving behavior we introduce a new theoretical framework based on the Task-Capability-Interface model. Finally in this paper we take some first steps towards modeling of adaptation effects in longitudinal driving behavior in relation to complexity of the driving task through the introduction of a new neurofuzzy car-following model and based on the proposed theoretical framework. In this paper we show that this model yields a relatively good prediction of longitudinal driving behavior in case of driving conditions with differing complexity. The paper finishes with a discussion section and recommendations for future research.

Helfen und Wohlbefinden aus psychologischer Perspektive

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 423-430
Author(s):  
Maike Luhmann
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Psychological research has long been interested in whether helping can make people happy. This article summarizes empirical evidence and theoretical models on the relationship between helping and well-being. Empirical studies indicate a significant, but weak positive relationship between helping behaviors and well-being. The functional approach and self-determination theory are two theoretical frameworks that are particularly relevant for interdisciplinary investigations of this topic. The article concludes with a discussion of open questions and avenues for future research.

scholarly journals Novice Drivers' Risky Driving Behavior, Risk Perception, and Crash Risk: Findings From the DRIVE Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 1638-1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Ivers ◽  
Teresa Senserrick ◽  
Soufiane Boufous ◽  
Mark Stevenson ◽  
Huei-Yang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Risky Driving ◽  
Novice Drivers

Focused Tasks, Mental Actions and Second Language Learning. Cognitive and Connectionist Accounts of Task Effectiveness

2006 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 35-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Machteld Moonen ◽  
Rick de Graaff ◽  
Gerard Westhoff
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Second Language Learning ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Depth Of Processing ◽  
Mental Actions ◽  
Involvement Load Hypothesis

Abstract This paper presents a theoretical framework to estimate the effectiveness of second language tasks in which the focus is on the acquisition of new linguistic items, such as vocabulary or grammar, the so-called focused tasks (R. Ellis, 2003). What accounts for the learning impact offocused tasks? We shall argue that the task-based approach (e.g. Skehan, 1998, Robinson, 2001) does not provide an in-depth account of how cognitive processes, elicited by a task, foster the acquisition of new linguistic elements. We shall then review the typologies of cognitive processes derived from research on learning strategies (Chamot & O'Malley, 1994), from the involvement load hypothesis (Laufer & Hulstijn, 2001), from the depth of processing hypothesis (Craik & Lockhart, 1972) and from connectionism (e.g Broeder & Plunkett, 1997; N. Ellis, 2003). The combined insights of these typologies form the basis of the multi-feature hypothesis, which predicts that retention and ease of activation of new linguistic items are improved by mental actions which involve a wide variety of different features, simultaneously and frequently. A number of implications for future research shall be discussed.

The Decision Process of Contracting in Supply Chain Management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens K. Roehrich ◽  
Beverly B. Tyler ◽  
Jas Kalra ◽  
Brian Squire
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Interorganizational Relationships ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The Relationship

Contracts are a formal mode of governing interorganizational relationships. They specify the terms and conditions of the agreement between two parties, interpret and adapt the relevant legal and industrial norms, serve as framing devices, and establish the rules and norms underpinning the relationship. The objective of this chapter is to synthesize the extant literature on interorganizational contracting to guide future research and practice. This chapter focuses on the three phases of contracting: (1) designing the contracting portfolio; (2) negotiating initial contracts; and (3) managing the relationship using contracts. The chapter explores the key decisions in each phase and the criteria involved in making these decisions. In doing so, it draws on existing research and theoretical frameworks that have contributed to the development of the contracting literature. The chapter also identifies some important and interesting directions for future contracting research and offers suggestions regarding how selected theoretical lenses might guide these endeavors. The principal conclusion is that while the existing research has primarily focused on the structural issues guiding contracting design, a more processual, social, and behavioral focus is required in future developments of the contracting literature.

Conclusions and Future Directions for the Study of Accurate Personality Judgment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tera D. Letzring
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Personality Judgment ◽  
Exciting Time ◽  
And Training

This chapter identifies several well-established findings and overarching themes within personality trait accuracy research, and highlights especially promising directions for future research. Topics include (1) theoretical frameworks for accuracy, (2) moderators of accuracy and the context or situation in which judgments are made, (3) the important consequences of accuracy, (4) interventions and training programs to increase judgmental ability and judgability, (5) the generalizability of previous findings, and (6) standardized tests of the accuracy of judging personality traits. The chapter ends by stating that it is an exciting time to be a researcher studying the accuracy of personality trait judgments.

scholarly journals Meaningful Work, Job Resources, and Employee Engagement

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4045
Author(s):  
Simon L. Albrecht ◽  
Camille R. Green ◽  
Andrew Marty
Keyword(s):  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Meaningful Work ◽  
Organizational Outcomes ◽  
Job Resources ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
The Relationship

Meaningful work and employee engagement have been the subject of increasing interest in organizational research and practice over recent years. Both constructs have been shown to influence important organizational outcomes, such as job satisfaction, wellbeing, and performance. Only a limited amount of empirical research has focused on understanding the relationship within existing theoretical frameworks. For this study, meaningful work is proposed as a critical psychological state within the job demands-resources (JD-R) model that can therefore, in part, explain the relationship between job resources and employee engagement. Survey data collected from 1415 employees working in a range of organizations, across a number of industries, were analyzed with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM). In support of expectations, job variety, development opportunities, and autonomy, each had a significant and positive direct association with meaningful work. These job resources also had a significant and positive indirect effect on employee engagement via meaningful work. Although job variety, development opportunities, autonomy, and feedback had significant positive direct associations with engagement, contrary to expectations, supervisor support had a negative association with engagement. The final model explained a sizable proportion of variance in both meaningful work (49%) and employee engagement (65%). Relative weights analyses showed that job variety was the strongest job resource predictor of meaningful work, and that meaningful work was more strongly associated with employee engagement than the job resources. Overall, the results show that meaningful work plays an important role in enhancing employee engagement and that providing employees with skill and task variety is important to achieving that goal. Practical implications, study limitations, and future research opportunities are discussed.

scholarly journals An Exit Strategy for the Definitional Elusiveness: A Three-Dimensional Framework for Social Entrepreneurship

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Bing Ran ◽  
Scott Weller
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Exit Strategy ◽  
Conceptual Paper

Despite the growing utility and prevalence of social entrepreneurship, an accepted definition remains elusive and infeasible. Yet, it is imperative that the principles guiding social entrepreneurship are identified so that common ground is established to facilitate future research. On the basis of a systematic literature review, this conceptual paper proposes a theoretical framework outlining social entrepreneurship as a three-dimensional framework as a function of continua of “social” and “business” logics, “beneficial” and “detrimental” social change logics, and “innovation” and “mundane” logics. The framework accommodates the fuzziness and ambiguity associated with social entrepreneurship whilst remaining a workable, identifiable construct. By accounting for the shifting logics practiced by social entrepreneurship that both influence and are influenced by the organizational environment, this framework provides an exit strategy for the definitional elusiveness of social entrepreneurship. The resultant structures and functions of social entrepreneurship are shaped by these constraints as reflected by the fluidity and flexibility endorsed by the framework. Four avenues for future research regarding social entrepreneurship are recommended on the basis of the framework proposed in this article.

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