scholarly journals Variation in Feedstock Wood Chemistry Strongly Influences Biochar Liming Potential

Soil Systems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sossina Gezahegn ◽  
Mohini Sain ◽  
Sean Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Functional Group ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Surface Functional Group ◽  
Wood Chemistry ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
Phenolic Group ◽  
Capacity Data ◽  
Group Concentration

Chars intended for use as soil amendment (“biochars”) vary greatly in their chemical and physical properties. In the present study, 19 Canadian temperate wood feedstocks were charred across a range of pyrolysis temperatures from 300–700 °C. The resulting 95 biochars were tested for their physio-chemical properties and liming capacity. Data indicated increasing base cation concentrations including Ca, Mg, and K (elements that characteristically form liming compounds, i.e., carbonates) as pyrolysis temperature increased. Acidic surface functional groups were analyzed with modified Boehm titration: Carboxylic and lactonic functional group concentrations decreased and phenolic group concentration increased with pyrolysis temperature. Functional group composition also varied greatly with feedstock: In particular, conifer-derived biochars produced at pyrolysis temperatures <500 °C showed much higher carboxylic and lactonic functional group concentrations than did angiosperm-derived biochars. Liming capacity was assessed using soil incubation experiments and was positively related to biochar pH. Both acidic surface functional group concentration and nutrient element concentration influenced biochar pH: we developed a non-linear functional relationship that predicts biochar pH from the ratio of carboxylic to phenolic moieties, and concentrations of Ca and K. Biochar’s liming components that are inherited from feedstock and predictably modified by pyrolysis temperature provide a basis for optimizing the production of biochar with desired pH and liming characteristics.

scholarly journals Alkalinity–silicon ratio as an assessment factor for the efficiency of silicate slags in wetland rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thoppil Sreenivasan Sandhya ◽  
Nagabovanalli Basavarajappa Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Wetland Rice ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Si Content ◽  
Assessment Factor

AbstractSilicate slags are one of the most widely used silicon (Si) source in agriculture. Even though the agronomic significance of slags has been demonstrated in several crops, only a few attempts were made to evaluate these Si sources based on their chemical composition. The main objective of this study was to characterize different silicate slags based on their chemical properties and to explore the effect of these chemical properties on the yield, and Si uptake in wetland rice, and dissolution of Si into the soil. Slags were characterised for pH, calcium and magnesium content (alkalinity, A), silicon content, 5 day Na2CO3 + NH4NO3 extractable Si content, and alkalinity to Si ratio (A/Si). Greenhouse and incubation experiments were also conducted using different silicate slags and wollastonite applied at the rate of 300 kg Si ha−1. Slags with A/Si < 3 were found to be ideal Si sources for the economic production of wetland rice and found consistent in increasing soil Si content and rice Si uptake. We conclude that the A/Si ratio of slags can be used as an important parameter to assess the agronomic efficiency of silicate slags in wetland rice.

scholarly journals Effects of pyrolysis temperature, feedstock type and compaction on water retention of biochar amended soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
He Huang ◽  
Narala Gangadhara Reddy ◽  
Xilong Huang ◽  
Peinan Chen ◽  
Peiying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Retention Behaviour ◽  
Water Retention Behaviour ◽  
Amended Soil

AbstractRecent studies on water retention behaviour of biochar amended soil rarely considers the effect of pyrolysis temperature and also feedstock type into account. It is well known that pyrolysis temperature and feedstock type influences the physical and chemical properties of biochar due to stagewise decomposition of structure and chemical bonds. Further, soil density, which is in a loose state (in agricultural applications) and dense (in geo-environmental engineering applications) can also influence water retention behaviour of biochar amended soils. The major objective of this study is to investigate the water retention properties of soil amended with three different biochars in both loose and dense state. The biochars, i.e. water hyacinth biochar (WHB), chicken manure biochar (CMB) and wood biochar (WB) were produced in-house at different pyrolysis temperature. After then, biochars at 5% and 10% (w/w%) were amended to the soil. Water retention behaviour (soil suction and gravimetric water content) was studied under drying and wetting cycle simulated by varying relative humidity (RH, 50–90%). Results show that 10% WHB produced at 300 °C were found to possess highest water retention. CMB is found to possess higher water retention than WB for 10% amendment ratio. In general, the addition of three biochars (at both 300 °C and 600 °C) at 10% (w/w) significantly improved the water retention at all suction ranges in both loose and dense compaction state as compared to that of the bare soil. The adsorption (wetting) and desorption (drying) capacity of biochar amended soils is constant at corresponding RH.

Synthesis and Ring Cyclization - Expansion - Contraction Reactions of Some New 2,2-Disubstituted Indan-1,3-diones and Related Compounds

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig J. Roxburgh ◽  
Lee Banting
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Hydrogenation ◽  
Pyridine Ring ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ring Expansion ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ring Expansion Reaction ◽  
Related Compounds

We have found that the hydrochloride of 2-phenyl-2-[2-(2-piperidyl)ethyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindan-1,3-dione 1 possesses marked analgesic activity (100% inhibition referenced to codeine) and report, as part of an extensive synthetic program, the synthesis of 38 new and structurally related compounds. Selective catalytic hydrogenation of the pyridine ring of 2-phenyl-2-[2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl]-indan-1,3-dione 2 yields the nine-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycle 6 by a novel ring cyclization–expansion reaction. The structural and functional group parameters required for this novel ring-expansion reaction have been extensively and thoroughly investigated through the synthesis of a series of structurally related compounds; principally by modification, substitution, and replacement of the various functionality contained within 2. In addition, we report the synthesis of a series of new 2-methyl-2-(ω-N-phthalimidoalkyl)-indan-1,3-diones 41, 45, and 53, two of which, like the parent 2-phenyl substituted indan-1,3-dione 2, also undergo a novel ring cyclization–expansion reaction to yield eight- and nine-membered nitrogen-containing rings. However, in these cases, further transannular reactions occur to produce the new 5,5- and 5,6-ring-fused nitrogen-containing heterocycles 44, 48 and 51, 52. Hydrazinolysis of the third, 2-methyl-2-(4-N-phthalimidobutyl)-indan-1,3-dione yields the new azepine-containing ring structure 56 by direct cyclization. Furthermore, some interesting and unexpected chemical properties of the final compounds, which include selective and non-selective pyridine-ring hydrogenations and a few unexpected side reactions, are described.

Periodic surface functional group density on graphene via laser-induced substrate patterning at Si/SiO2 interface

Nano Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2332-2339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina A. Drogowska-Horna ◽  
Inam Mirza ◽  
Alvaro Rodriguez ◽  
Petr Kovaříček ◽  
Juraj Sládek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Group ◽  
Surface Functional Group ◽  
Periodic Surface ◽  
Group Density ◽  
Substrate Patterning

Interactions of emerging contaminants with model colloidal microplastics, C60 fullerene, and natural organic matter – effect of surface functional group and adsorbate properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1190-1200
Author(s):  
Tyler Williams ◽  
Clare Walsh ◽  
Keith Murray ◽  
Mahamud Subir
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
C60 Fullerene ◽  
Surface Functional Group ◽  
Colloidal Matter ◽  
Matter Effect ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Molecular properties of emerging contaminants (ECs) and interfacial compositions of colloidal matter dictate the extent of EC–particulate matter surface interaction.

Surface functional group modification induced partial Fermi level pinning and ohmic contact at borophene–MoS2 interfaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (34) ◽  
pp. 19202-19212
Author(s):  
Dongqing Zou ◽  
Wenkai Zhao ◽  
Wanfeng Xie ◽  
Yuqing Xu ◽  
Xiaoteng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fermi Level ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Ohmic Contact ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Surface Functional Group ◽  
Surface Functional Groups ◽  
Fermi Level Pinning ◽  
Group Modification ◽  
Functional Group Modification

Surface functional groups modification is a feasible approach to achieve SBH tuning for borophene–MoS2 interfaces.

The ameliorative effects of low-grade palygorskite on acidic soil

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Jin-Hua Yuan ◽  
Sheng-Zhe E ◽  
Zong-Xian Che
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
Acid Neutralisation

Mineral composition and alkaline properties of palygorskite (Pal), and its ameliorative effects on chemical properties of acid soil were investigated. Dolomite was the main form of alkali in Pal and the acid neutralisation capacity of Pal was 215 cmol kg–1. Incubation experiments indicated that Pal incorporation increased soil pH, cation exchange capacity, base saturation and exchangeable K+, Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents, and decreased the levels of exchangeable H+, Al3+ and acidity, over a 1-year period. The ameliorative mechanisms were the dissolution of major alkaline matter in Pal (i.e. dolomite), and the exchange between released Ca2+ and Mg2+ with H+ in acidic soil. Hence, Pal can be used as a moderate acidic soil amendment.

Geochemistry Properties of Southern Malaysian Organic Soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 284-287 ◽  
pp. 1340-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix N.L. Ling ◽  
Khairul Anuar Kassim ◽  
Ahmad Tarmizi Abdul Karim ◽  
Kenny Tiong ◽  
C.K. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Functional Group ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Interface Layer ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Sulphate Content

Johore, the southern part of west peninsular Malaysia is found to be rich in peat soil, especially at the Pontian & Batu Pahat district. The physico-chemical properties of the peat soil at the region had been extensively studied by various researches but limited studies were based on the interface layer of peat soil and non organic soil. The behaviour of the interface layer soil is believed to be governed by its organic matter content. Three locations of Batu Pahat, namely Parit Nipah, Parit Sidek & Batu Puteh which are difference in terms of geography setting were chosen in this case study. The main objective of this study is to characterize the geochemistry properties of the organic soil as a guide of its engineering behaviour. The soil specimens were collected using peat auger and undisturbed sampler. The organic contents and types of organic were determined in laboratory based on Loss on Ignition at 440c, carbon content and its molecular functional group. The pH, sulphate content, chloride content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the organic soil were also determined as a guide of its potential stabilization by using chemical stabilizer. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) were utilized to determine the bulk chemical composition of the soil and its functional group, respectively. The findings of this study are expected to give a better overview of organic soil which enable designer to have a better understanding when dealing with this kind of material.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document