scholarly journals Reliability of a Repeated High-Intensity Effort Test for Elite Rugby Union Players

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Adrien Vachon ◽  
Nicolas Berryman ◽  
Iñigo Mujika ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Paquet ◽  
Tony Monnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Error Measurement ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Validation Criterion ◽  
Coefficient Corrélation ◽  
Time Average ◽  
Very High ◽  
Familiarization Session

This study aimed to adapt a repeated high-intensity effort (RHIE) test to the rugby union physical demands and assess both sprint time and tackle indices reliability. Following a familiarization session, sixteen elite rugby union players completed two RHIE tests consisting of 12 × 20 m sprint + tackle. Total sprint time and total g-force during tackling, average sprint time and average g-force as well as percentage decrementsprint time and percentage decrementtackle were considered for the analysis. Sprint time indices showed high to very high absolute and relative reliability (intraclass coefficient correlation (ICC) = 0.95, Standard Error Measurement (SEM) = 1.30%; ICC = 0.95, SEM = 1.44%; ICC = 0.73, SEM = 23.0%, for total sprint time, average sprint time and percentage decrementsprint time, respectively). Tackle indices showed moderate to high reliability (ICC = 0.54, SEM = 16.5%; ICC = 0.61, SEM = 15.6%; ICC = 0.71, SEM = 12.3%, for total g-force, average g-force and percentage decrementtackle, respectively). The RHIE test provides reliable measures of sprint time and tackle indices. Tackle indices should be used as a validation criterion of the test, whereas total time should be considered as the test final result.

Tapering and Repeated High-Intensity Effort Ability in Young Elite Rugby Union Players: Influence of Pretaper Fatigue Level

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Adrien Vachon ◽  
Nicolas Berryman ◽  
Iñigo Mujika ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Paquet ◽  
Laurent Bosquet
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Training Block ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Intensive Training ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Constant Duration

Purpose: To assess the effects of a short-term taper on the ability to perform repeated high-intensity efforts, depending on players’ fatigue level following an intensive training block. Method: After a 3-day off-season camp, 13 players followed the same 3-week preseason training block followed by a 7-day exponential taper. Performance was assessed by a repeated high-intensity effort test before and after the taper. Total sprint time, percentage of decrement, and the number of sprints equal to or higher than 90% of the best sprint were retained for analysis. Players were a posteriori classified in normal training or acute fatigue groups based on their readiness to perform prior to the taper, assessed through the magnitude of difference in psychological (Profile of Mood State Questionnaire), cardiovascular (submaximal constant-duration cycling), and neuromuscular (countermovement jump) tests between the preintensive and postintensive training blocks. Results: Training load declined by 55% (9%) during the taper (P = .001, g = −2.54). The overall group showed a small improvement in total sprint time (−3.40% [3.90%], P = .04, g = −0.39) following the taper. Relative changes tended to be higher in the acute fatigue compared with the normal training group (−5.07% [4.52%] vs −1.45% [1.88%], respectively; P = .08; d = 1.01). No taper-induced improvement was observed in percentage of decrement or number of sprints equal to or higher than 90% of the best sprint. Conclusion: A 7-day taper consisting of 55% training load reduction improved repeated high-intensity effort performance in young elite rugby union players. Pretaper level of fatigue seems to be a key determinant in the taper supercompensation process, as acutely fatigued players at the end of the intensive training block tended to benefit more from the taper.

High-intensity Activity in European vs. National Rugby Union Games in the best 2014–2015 Team

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charly Fornasier-Santos ◽  
Gregoire P Millet ◽  
Paul Stridgeon ◽  
Olivier Girard ◽  
Franck Brocherie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Competition Level ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Running Pattern

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of competition level on running patterns for five playing position in the most successful 2014–2015 European rugby union team. Seventeen French rugby union championship and seven European rugby Champions Cup games were analysed. Global positioning system (sampling: 10 Hz) were used to determine high-speed movements, high-intensity accelerations, repeated high-intensity efforts and high-intensity micro-movements characteristics for five positional groups. During European Champions Cup games, front row forwards performed a higher number of repeated high-intensity efforts compared to National championship games (5.8±1.6 vs. 3.6±2.3; +61.1%), and back row forwards travelled greater distance both at high-speed movements (3.4±1.8 vs. 2.4±0.9 m·min-1; +41.7%) and after high-intensity accelerations (78.2±14.0 vs. 68.1 ±13.4 m; +14.8%). In backs, scrum halves carried out more high-intensity accelerations (24.7±3.1 vs. 14.8±5.0; +66.3%) whereas outside backs completed a higher number of high-speed movements (62.7±25.4 vs. 48.3±17.0; +29.8%) and repeated high-intensity efforts (13.5±4.6 vs. 9.7±4.9;  +39.2%). These results highlighted that the competition level affected the high-intensity activity differently among the five playing positions. Consequently, training programs in elite rugby should be tailored taking into account both the level of competition and the high-intensity running pattern of each playing position.

Improvement of the Detection Sensitivity of Edxrf Trace Element Analysis by Means of Efficient X-Ray Focusing Based on Strongly Curved Hopg Crystals

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Burkhard Beckhoff ◽  
Birgit Kanngießer
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Focal Plane ◽  
Bragg Reflection ◽  
Pyrolytic Graphite ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Very High

X-ray focusing based on Bragg reflection at curved crystals allows collection of a large solid angle of incident radiation, monochromatization of this radiation, and condensation of the beam reflected at the crystal into a small spatial cross-section in a pre-selected focal plane. Thus, for the Bragg reflected radiation, one can achieve higher intensities than for the radiation passing directly to the same small area in the focal plane. In that case one can profit considerably from X-ray focusing in an EDXRF arrangement. The 00 2 reflection at Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG) crystals offers a very high intensity of the Bragg reflected beam for a wide range of photon energies. Furthermore, curvature radii smaller than 10 mm can be achieved for HOPG crystals ensuring efficient X-ray focusing in EDXRF applications. For the trace analysis of very small amounts of specimen material deposited on small areas of thin-filter backings, HOPG based X-ray focusing may be used to achieve a very high intensity of monochromatic excitation radiation.

Fast ignition by laser driven particle beams of very high intensity

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 072701 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hora ◽  
J. Badziak ◽  
M. N. Read ◽  
Yu-Tong Li ◽  
Tian-Jiao Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Fast Ignition ◽  
Particle Beams ◽  
Very High

Second Paper: Failure-Survival Automatic Flight Control Systems for Aircraft with Particular Reference to a High Reliability Electrohydraulic Actuator

1965 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-259
Author(s):  
R. Ruggles
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Flight Control ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Flight Control System ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
System Configurations ◽  
Very High

The author discusses some of the problems of failure-survival automatic flight control systems and suggests some basic ground rules as design criteria. The advantages and disadvantages of some of the main types of system are discussed: duplex, triplex, triple component, duplicate-monitored and quadruplex systems being covered. In particular, a quadruplex actuator is described which has been designed and developed mainly for automatic flight control system applications where a very high degrees of failure-survival capability is required. A detailed failure analysis of the various systems is carried out and the importance of the electrical and hydraulic supply system configurations and failure rates is brought out.

Development of a Letter Coding Desk

1969 ◽  
Vol 184 (8) ◽  
pp. 166-177
Author(s):  
S. C. Knowles
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Operating Personnel ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Letter Code ◽  
Very High

The development of the letter code desk is described, particular reference being made to the necessity for the characteristics to be suited to the operating personnel. An explanation is given of the design features introduced as a result of this unit being required in relatively large numbers for this class of work. The development of the special printing unit for code application is described, with particular emphasis on the very high reliability required. An indication is given of probable future trends.

scholarly journals Developing an Instrument for Assessing the Physics Cognitive Learning Achievement of High School Students through Local Wisdom-Based Fieldwork

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Azza Ismu Annisa ◽  
Mundilarto Mundilarto
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Error Measurement ◽  
Outdoor Learning ◽  
School Students ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Very High

This study aims to reveal (1) the construct and (2) the characteristics of the developed instrument for assessing Physics cognitive learning achievement of high school students in outdoor learning models through local wisdom-based fieldwork. This research was a research and development using the approach developed by Mardapi (2012: 110). The steps taken included (1) preparing instrument specifications, (2) writing the instrument, (3) reviewing the instrument, (4) doing instrument trial, (5) analyzing the instrument, (6) improving the instrument, assemble the test (8) implementing the test, and (9) interpreting measurement result. The results of the study showed that the  Instrument of cognitive skills consisted of 50 items with two-tier multiple choices focused on indicators of cognitive skills. The instrument was categorized fit the PCM 1PL and the difficulty level of the items ranges from -1,00 to 1,22 which means the items were in a good category. The reliability of the items was 0,89 for the ability ranging from -2 to 2 with standard error measurement 0,23, which means it was in a very high category.

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