scholarly journals Research on the Application of Palm Mat Geotextiles for Sand Fixation in the Hobq Desert

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Zhong ◽  
Zhiwen Han ◽  
Aimin Li ◽  
Heqiang Du
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Laboratory Simulation ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Fixation Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Retention Capacity

Traditional sand fixation measures have many limitations. For example, engineering sand fixation measures using barriers cannot completely stabilize sand dunes. Biological sand fixation measures utilizing planted vegetation are very difficult to build during the early stages of desertification control. Chemical sand fixation measures spray chemically bonded materials on sand dunes to form a consolidated layer to prevent sand flow, but the cost of the materials used is relatively high. Therefore, new sand fixation technologies and methods urgently need to be developed. This study demonstrates a new sand fixation method, which uses palm mat geotextiles to stabilize sand dunes and to plant grass. We investigated the physical properties of these palm mat geotextiles in the laboratory and observed vegetation growth in the Hobq Desert. The results showed the following: (1) Palm mat geotextiles are lighter and tougher than common straw mat geotextiles. The average weight, thickness, and tensile strength of palm mat geotextiles are 2023 g/m2, 20.14 mm, and 842–860 kPa, respectively. After a year of field observations, the tensile strength decreased by only 2%. (2) Palm mat geotextiles have excellent water retention capacity and scouring resistance; the maximum water content reached 227%, and the substrate lost 2.9% after laboratory simulation of heavy rainfall for three hours with a rainfall intensity of 30 mm h−1. (3) Palm mat geotextiles significantly decreased the soil temperature and increased moisture in summer. The results showed that the palm mat geotextiles had the largest influence on soil temperature in the upper 5 cm of soil and the largest influence on soil moisture in the upper 10 cm of soil. (4) The field experimental results showed that, by the end of the experiment, the vegetation coverage and the biomass of the palm mat geotextiles with dimensions of 2 × 2 m were 3.9 times and 4.1 times that of the control group and 1.7 times and 1.8 times that of the group of high-banded Salix psammophila sand barriers, which are widely used in the Hobq Desert at present. Palm mat geotextiles are a promising material for sand fixation in the Hobq Desert.

scholarly journals Research on the Application of Palm Mat Geotextile in Sand Fixation of the Hobq Desert

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Zhong ◽  
Zhiwen Han ◽  
Aimin Li ◽  
Heqiang Du
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Fixation Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Retention Capacity

As the traditional sand fixation measures have many limitations, new sand fixing technologies and methods are urgently needed to be developed. This study demonstrated a new sand fixation method using palm mat geotextile to fix the sand dunes and plant grass. We experimented the physical property of the palm mat geotextile in the laboratory, and observed the vegetation growth in the Hobq Desert. The results showed that (1) The palm mat geotextile is more lighter and tougher than the common straw mat geotextile, the average weight, thickness and tensile strength of palm mat geotextile were 2023 g/m2, 20.14 mm, and 842–860 N/m, after a year of field observation, the tensile strength decreased by only 2%. (2) The palm mat geotextile had excellent water retention capacity and scouring resistance, the maximum water content reached 227%, and the substrate lost 2.9% after the simulation of heavy rainfall for 3 hours with rainfall intensity of 30 mm/h in laboratory. (3) The palm mat geotextile significantly decreased the soil temperature and increase the humidity in summer, the observed results shown that the palm mat geotextile had the greatest influence on 5cm depth of the soil temperature and 10cm depth of soil humidity. (4) The field experiment results showed that the vegetation coverage and the biomass of the palm mat geotextile with 2 m × 2 m were 35% and 11.21 g (3.9 times and 4.1 times than that of control group, 1.7 times and 1.8 times than that of high-banded salix psammophila sand-barriers group which is widely used in the Hobq Desert).

scholarly journals Shading minimizes the effects of water deficit in Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg seedlings

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. M. Bartieres ◽  
D. M. Dresch ◽  
L. C. Reis ◽  
Z. V. Pereira ◽  
R. M. Mussury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Photochemical Process ◽  
Intermittent Irrigation

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the functioning of the photosystem II and quality of C. xanthocarpa seedlings cultivated under intermittent water deficit and shading levels and the influence of shading on recovery potential after suspension of the stress conditions. The seedlings were subjected to three levels of shading (0, 30, and 70%), six periods of evaluation (start: 0 days; 1st and 2nd photosynthesis zero: 1st and 2nd P0; 1st and 2nd recovery: 1stand 2nd REC; and END), and two forms of irrigation (control: periodically irrigated to maintain 70% substrate water retention capacity, and intermittent irrigation: suspension of irrigation). The plants subjected to intermittent irrigation conditions at 0% shading showed a reduction in water potential (Ψw) and potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and maximum efficiency of the photochemical process (Fv/F0) and an increase in basal quantum production of the non-photochemical processes (F0/Fm). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher in the leaves than in the roots. The C. xanthocarpa is a species sensitive to water deficit but presents strategies to adapt to an environment under temporary water restriction, which are more temporary are most efficient under shading. The seedlings with water deficit at all levels of shading exhibited higher protective antioxidant activity and lower quality at 0% shading. The shading minimizes prevents permanent damage to the photosystem II and after the re-irrigation, the evaluated characteristics showed recovery with respect to the control group, except POD and SOD activities in the leaves.

scholarly journals Effects of soil temperature and moisture on biological nitrogen fixation in soybean crop

2019 ◽  
pp. 1327-1334
Author(s):  
Evandro Ademir Deak ◽  
Thomas Newton Martin ◽  
Glauber Monçon Fipke ◽  
Jessica Deolinda Leivas Stecca ◽  
Luciane Almeri Tabaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Root System ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Temperature And Humidity

Soil temperature and humidity are the chief determinants for good nodule formation at the time of sowing and emergence. The aim of this study was to estimate the soil temperature and humidity range, at which the Bradyrhizobium spp., and Azospirillum brasilense may have the highest effect on root enhancement and development of nodulation in soybean. Two experiments were conducted, the first of which was done in the seed laboratory performing the treatments listed as non-inoculated; inoculation with Bradyrhizobium; root enhancers; inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + root enhancers; co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + Azospirillum brasilense; co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + Azospirillum brasilense + root enhancers, and assessed at temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35ºC. The experimental design was completely randomized with distribution in a factorial. The second experiment was executed in a greenhouse, employing the same treatments affected in the seed laboratory experiment, but with the addition of non-inoculated control with mineral nitrogen. Tests were done at the soil moisture levels of 25, 50, 75 and 100% water retention capacity, forming a factorial 7 x 4 (only second experiment). All co-inoculated treatments induced the soybean root system to improve, in terms of length, volume, surface area and root diameter, exhibiting superiority to the uninoculated control in the 20 to 30ºC temperature range. The co-inoculation raised nodulation in the soybean crop, when soil water retention capacity was at the range of 56 - 96%, achieving higher means compared to the standard inoculation. The root planter added no improvement to either the root system or nodulation in soybean.

scholarly journals Analysis of the bioavailability of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) based on the determination of chromium in Mentha piperita by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Djogo ◽  
Slavica Razic ◽  
Dragan Manojlovic ◽  
Latinka Slavkovic
Keyword(s):  
Certified Reference Materials ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Iron And Manganese

Mentha piperita L. (Lamiace) was cultivated under the controlled laboratory conditions in the presence of varying levels of trivalent and hexavalent chromium in order to determine its capacity to control chromium uptake and its tolerance limit. The plants were grown in pots at 25?C with controlled soil moisture (about 80 % of the water retention capacity). The soil was treated with increasing concentrations of Cr(NO3)3 (40, 80, 120, and 200 mg kg-1) and K2Cr2O7 (2.5, 5, 10, and 15 mg kg-1). A control group of plants was grown without the addition of chromium to the soil. For each concentration, three acidity levels were tested: natural, one pH unit below and one above the natural acidity of the soil (pH2 = 6, pH1 = 5 and pH3 = 7). The plant samples were digested according to the standard procedure and chromium content was determined by GFAAS. For all plants, the transportation index was calculated and the results (expressed in mg kg-1) at pH1, pH2 and pH3, respectively, were: 0.21-0.80, 0.06-1.06 and 0.04-0.52. The recoveries were good (72.73-115.3 %) as evidenced by the analysis of certified reference materials (NIST SRM 8433 - Corn Bran and NIST SRM 1547 - Peach Leaves). The mobility of chromium through the plants tissues is discussed in regard to its competition with iron and manganese for transport binding sites; hence Mn and Fe were also determined.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ADDING ORGANIC SELENIUM ON HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF BLOOD AND QUALITY OF BREAST MEAT OF PHEASANTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-24
Author(s):  
Saša Obradović ◽  
Branko Petrujkić ◽  
Vladan Đermanović ◽  
Vladimir Živković ◽  
Bojan Stojanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The aim of this paper was to examine the biochemical and haemological parameters of blood as well as the quality of breast meat of 45 pheasants. The pheasants were divided into three groups and fed by mixtures with the organic selenium supplementation in concentrations of 0.2 mg/kg (I group) and 0.3 mg/kg (II group)and with mixture without selenium in a control group (K). After 60 days of the experiment duration it was determined that the average values of selenium content in the breast meat in blood serum of II group pheasants which were fed with 0.3 mg/kg of organic selenium were significantly higher (p>0.05) in comparison to the same parameters of pheasants of the control K group. The pheasants of II group also had better sensory traits of meat and they achieved the highest difference of the sum of the ranks of the meat acceptability.  The difference was by 15 points higher than in the control K group and 7 points higher than in meat of the pheasants I group fed with 0.2 mg/kg of selenium. Adding of organic selenium in the food of  II group pheasants (0.3 mg/kg) had a positive effect on increasing the water retention capacity in breast meat by 0.75% compared to the control group, namely by 0.58% in comparison to I group. Average values of chemical parameters of meat (pH, water, fat, proteins and ash content), haematological parameters of pheasants blood  (number of erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets, haemoglobin and haematocrit values) and biochemical parameters of blood serum ( glucose, enzymes AST and  ALT), total protein concentration, total cholesterol albumin, triglycerides, Ca, K and Na) were within the limits of reference values for pheasants and very uniform values without significant differences among examined groups.

scholarly journals Characterization and Use of a Crop-Residue-Based Mat Mulch in the Production of Pepper (Capsicum annuum) during Dry Season

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1173
Author(s):  
Víctor Hernández-Aranda ◽  
Diego Rojas-Tortolero ◽  
José Álvarez-Barreto ◽  
Carlos Arias-Vega ◽  
Jaime Proaño-Saraguro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Agricultural mulches from plant waste constitute an ecological alternative due to their capacity to biodegrade and incorporate into the soil. This work aimed at evaluating, during a drought, the effects of a mat mulch, based on banana rachis and rice straw, on bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) production, and to characterize the material, both mechanically (traction resistance) and physical-chemically (water retention capacity, organic and inorganic components). Two contrasting irrigation regimes were used to determine the effect of the mat mulch on edaphic and productive parameters such as plant height, basal stem diameter, number of fruits and flowers, harvest, plant biomass, macro- and micronutrients in leaves, weeds/m2, and soil temperature. Treatments with the mat mulch resulted in increased height, number of fruits and flowers, biomass, and P, Zn and Cu concentrations. The mat mulch contributes to soil water retention, improves pepper agronomic variables response in plant’s height, basal stem diameter, and the number of flowers and fruits, especially with a low water irrigation regime. Furthermore, a 95% reduction in weed/m2, and soil temperature (18 °C) compared to air temperature (26.8 °C) was found. The characteristics of the waste-based mat mulch in soils offer new possibilities for environmentally friendly, efficient, and sustainable agricultural practices.

scholarly journals DROUGHT MITIGATION THROUGH HYDROGEL APPLICATION IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.) CULTIVATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-733
Author(s):  
Boreddy Surya Prakash Reddy ◽  
Sriram Vasudevan ◽  
Shibu K Mani ◽  
Sirisha Uppaluri ◽  
M Sudakar
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Treatment Groups

Sustainability in irrigation is an essential step towards responsible water consumption. In recent years, many studies have sketched climate-resilient agricultural practices to fight drought and uncertain rainfall patterns. Major rain-fed crops such as paddy and wheat require aid when there are abnormal dry spells. To mitigate the loss of crops from such events, superabsorbent polymers can be used. Soils amended with hydrogel or Superabsorbent polymer (SAP) retain moisture during drought to prevent loss of water through evaporation and percolation. This allows the crop to grow with less shock from drought. This study compares rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth rate under application (treatment groups) and non-application (control groups) of hydrogel, considering their high-water requirement. NDLR07 (recently developed) and BPT5204 (local variety) rice varieties were chosen for the current study. Randomized controlled trials were performed for each variety on a control group (NC & BC) and 3 treatment groups with 20% (NT20 & BT20), 40% (NT40 & BT40), and 60% (NT60 & BT60) deficit water supplies respectively. N, T, C refers to seed type, treatment group, control group respectively. Intermittent drought condition was imposed for 14 days to assess the resilience of crops. The water retention capacity of the sandy loam soil was better for treatment groups by 20% than control groups even at an average temperature of 40 ℃. Treatment groups continued growing through the drought phase and after, while control groups showed stagnation. Among the tested treatment groups, NT20 had the highest growth among all trials. The results of the study suggested that hydrogel application can help to combat droughts and thereby contribute to sustainable agricultural production by restricting the involvement of climate changes.

Evaluation of Resistant Starch Quality from Different Types of Banana in Batter Coating Formulation to Reduce Oil Absorption in Fried Food

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Karissha Fritzi Della ◽  
Mutiara Pratiwi ◽  
Purwa Tri Cahyana ◽  
Maria DPT Gunawan-Puteri
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Oil Absorption ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Fried Food ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Coating Formulation

Fried food is convenient for many people due to its pleasant texture and taste. On the other hand, it comes with the risk of high oil absorption which might lead to certain health problems. Resistant starch (RS) has been known to have a functionality of reducing oil absorption. Three different types of banana: Kepok (Musa paradisiaca formatypica), Raja Bulu (Musa paradisiaca L.) and Ambon (Musa paradisiaca L. var sapientum) were evaluated on its performance when utilized as source of resistant starch especially on their application in reducing oil absorption in fried food. Tempeh was used as the food model. Banana starch (RS2) was isolated through water alkaline extraction process, continued with modification process through three repeated cycles of autoclaving-cooling process to obtain the RS3. RS3 was added into the batter coating formulation at three substitution ratios (10%, 30% and 50%) and then used to coat tempeh before frying. Evaluation of resistant starch in batter and battered productwas conducted on the following parameters: fat content, water retention capacity (WRC), coating pick up and sensory analysis. The result of this study revealed that Raja Bulu showed the most effective result on reducing oil absorption in the food tested. In the three bananas used, the ratio of 50% performed best in coating pick up (highest), WRC (highest) and fat content(lowest) parameters, but not significantly different with the 30% ratio. In terms of sensory acceptance, using Raja Bulu as the selected banana type, 30% of substitution ratio was significantly more preferable by the panelists in crispness, oiliness, and overall acceptance attributes compared to control and other substitution ratios.

scholarly journals Kombucha Tea as a Reservoir of Cellulose Producing Bacteria: Assessing Diversity among Komagataeibacter Isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1595
Author(s):  
Salvatore La China ◽  
Luciana De Vero ◽  
Kavitha Anguluri ◽  
Marcello Brugnoli ◽  
Dhouha Mamlouk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Combined Model ◽  
Discrimination Power ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
High Mechanical Strength ◽  
Kombucha Tea ◽  
Typing Methods ◽  
Fermented Beverage ◽  
Tea Production

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is receiving a great deal of attention due to its unique properties such as high purity, water retention capacity, high mechanical strength, and biocompatibility. However, the production of BC has been limited because of the associated high costs and low productivity. In light of this, the isolation of new BC producing bacteria and the selection of highly productive strains has become a prominent issue. Kombucha tea is a fermented beverage in which the bacteria fraction of the microbial community is composed mostly of strains belonging to the genus Komagataeibacter. In this study, Kombucha tea production trials were performed starting from a previous batch, and bacterial isolation was conducted along cultivation time. From the whole microbial pool, 46 isolates were tested for their ability to produce BC. The obtained BC yield ranged from 0.59 g/L, for the isolate K2G36, to 23 g/L for K2G30—which used as the reference strain. The genetic intraspecific diversity of the 46 isolates was investigated using two repetitive-sequence-based PCR typing methods: the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) elements and the (GTG)5 sequences, respectively. The results obtained using the two different approaches revealed the suitability of the fingerprint techniques, showing a discrimination power, calculated as the D index, of 0.94 for (GTG)5 rep-PCR and 0.95 for ERIC rep-PCR. In order to improve the sensitivity of the applied method, a combined model for the two genotyping experiments was performed, allowing for the ability to discriminate among strains.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document