scholarly journals Binder and Mixture Fatigue Performance of Plant-Produced Road Surface Course Asphalt Mixtures with High Contents of Reclaimed Asphalt

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 3752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhy ◽  
Pires ◽  
Carrión ◽  
Presti ◽  
Airey
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Fatigue Performance ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Dissipated Energy ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Tensile Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Characteristics

The aged properties of Reclaimed Asphalt (RA) binders are one of the main factors working against their utilisation in high-RA content (>30%) mixes for surface courses. Fatigue cracking is the main distress of surface courses that are manufactured with a high percentage of RA. This investigation presents results of the rheological and fatigue results of different asphalt mixtures and their recovered binders. The binders were recovered from asphalt mixtures that had been manufactured in asphalt plants using different amounts of RA with contents up to 60% with and without rejuvenators. Two different sources of RA were used, representing a moderately aged RA and an extremely aged RA. The Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) was used to assess the fatigue-characteristics of the binders using time sweep tests while the fatigue characteristics of their mixtures were assessed using the Indirect Tensile Fatigue Test (ITFT). The fatigue data was analysed based on the cumulative dissipated energy approach in addition to traditional fatigue analysis. Results have shown that the ageing condition of RA significantly affects the fatigue properties of recovered binders. Binder and asphalt mixture fatigue results showed that RA contents up to 60% can produce comparable fatigue performance compared to lower percentages of RA in road surface course if the aged RA binder is sufficiently rejuvenated.

scholarly journals Fatigue Evaluation of Recycled Asphalt Mixture Based on Energy-Controlled Mode

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Ma ◽  
Kai Cui ◽  
Yongli Zhao ◽  
Xiaoming Huang
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Fatigue Performance ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Dissipated Energy ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Bending Fatigue Test ◽  
Fatigue Evaluation

The fatigue properties of asphalt mixtures are important inputs for mechanistic-empirical pavement design. To understand the fatigue properties of asphalt mixtures better and to predict the fatigue life of asphalt mixtures more precisely, the energy-controlled test mode was introduced. Based on the implementation theory, the laboratory practice for the energy-controlled mode was realized using a four-point-bending fatigue test with multiple-step loading. In this mode, the fatigue performance of typical AC-20 asphalt specimens with various reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) contents was tested and evaluated. Results show that the variation regulation of the dissipated energy and accumulative energy is compatible with the loading control principle, which proves the feasibility of the method. In addition, the fatigue life of the asphalt mixture in the energy-controlled mode was between that for the stress-controlled and strain-controlled modes. The specimen with a higher RAP content has a longer fatigue life and better fatigue performance.

scholarly journals The Effect of Aging on the Cracking Resistance of Recycled Asphalt

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Mohammadafzali ◽  
Hesham Ali ◽  
James A. Musselman ◽  
Gregory A. Sholar ◽  
Aidin Massahi
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Cracking Resistance ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Important Concern

Fatigue cracking is an important concern when a high percentage of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is used in an asphalt mixture. The aging of the asphalt binder reduces its ductility and makes the pavement more susceptible to cracking. Rejuvenators are often added to high-RAP mixtures to enhance their performance. The aging of a rejuvenated binder is different from virgin asphalt. Therefore, the effect of aging on a recycled asphalt mixture can be different from its effect on a new one. This study evaluated the cracking resistance of 100% recycled asphalt binders and mixtures and investigated the effect of aging on this performance parameter. The cracking resistance of the binder samples was tested by a Bending Beam Rheometer. An accelerated pavement weathering system was used to age the asphalt mixtures and their cracking resistance was evaluated by the Texas Overlay Test. The results from binder and mixture tests mutually indicated that rejuvenated asphalt has a significantly better cracking resistance than virgin asphalt. Rejuvenated mixtures generally aged more rapidly, and the rate of aging was different for different rejuvenators.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Fatigue Life of CRM-Reinforced SMA and Its Relationship to Dynamic Stiffness

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuha Salim Mashaan ◽  
Mohamed Rehan Karim ◽  
Mahrez Abdel Aziz ◽  
Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim ◽  
Herda Yati Katman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Fatigue Test ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Stiffness ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Tensile Fatigue ◽  
Indirect Tensile

Fatigue cracking is an essential problem of asphalt concrete that contributes to pavement damage. Although stone matrix asphalt (SMA) has significantly provided resistance to rutting failure, its resistance to fatigue failure is yet to be fully addressed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of crumb rubber modifier (CRM) on stiffness and fatigue properties of SMA mixtures at optimum binder content, using four different modification levels, namely, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12% CRM by weight of the bitumen. The testing undertaken on the asphalt mix comprises the dynamic stiffness (indirect tensile test), dynamic creep (repeated load creep), and fatigue test (indirect tensile fatigue test) at temperature of 25°C. The indirect tensile fatigue test was conducted at three different stress levels (200, 300, and 400 kPa). Experimental results indicate that CRM-reinforced SMA mixtures exhibit significantly higher fatigue life compared to the mixtures without CRM. Further, higher correlation coefficient was obtained between the fatigue life and resilient modulus as compared to permanent strain; thus resilient modulus might be a more reliable indicator in evaluating the fatigue life of asphalt mixture.

scholarly journals Laboratory Study on the Fatigue Resistance of Asphaltic Concrete Containing Titanium Dioxide

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 01021
Author(s):  
Rosnawati Buhari ◽  
Mohd Ezree Abdullah ◽  
Mohd Khairul Ahmad ◽  
Saiful Azhar Tajudin ◽  
Siti Khatijah Abu Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Fatigue Performance ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Tensile Fatigue ◽  
Asphalt Mix ◽  
Rotational Viscosity ◽  
Indirect Tensile

This study aims to evaluate the fatigue performance of modified asphalt mixture using Indirect Tensile Fatigue Test. Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) powder in a form of rutile was used for producing asphalt concrete with lower mixing and compaction temperature compared to conventional hot mix asphalt without reducing its physical and mechanical also resistance to fatigue. The characteristic of the asphalt and modified asphalt was evaluated using penetration test, softening test and rotational viscosity test. Titanium dioxide of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% by weight of asphalt has been incorporated into unaged 80/100 asphalt mix in order to improvise its performance and to fulfill the objectives of this experimental study. As a result, TiO2 as an additive is potential to decrease the penetration and increasing the softening point of the asphalt. In terms of fatigue performance testing, addition TiO2 additive does help in improving the fatigue properties as it shows greater result than the control asphalt. In conclusion, TiO2 is great in improving fatigue properties.

Properties and Mechanism Analyse of High-Elasticity Modified Asphalt

2014 ◽  
Vol 599 ◽  
pp. 212-217
Author(s):  
Zeng Heng Hao ◽  
Bo Gao
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Dissipated Energy ◽  
Steel Bridge ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
High Elasticity ◽  
Steel Deck

Aiming at the fatigue cracking problem of the asphalt mixture on steel deck pavement surface, high-elasticity modified asphalt was developed. high-temperature properties, low-temperature properties and fatigue properties of modified asphalt and modified asphalt mixture were tested. The fatigue life of high-elasticity modified asphalt has been greatly improved, which was at least 25 times as long as that of common asphalt. The mechanism was explained clearly that the fatigue life of asphalt mixture could be improved by reducing the failure energy after each hysteresis loop of asphalt mixture, according to the dissipated energy theory for asphalt mixture. Projects proved that high-elasticity modified asphalt extremely improved the fatigue life of asphalt mixture on the steel bridge deck.

scholarly journals Fatigue Resistance of Bituminous Mixtures and Mortars Containing High Reclaimed Asphalt Content

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5680
Author(s):  
Alexandros Margaritis ◽  
Geert Jacobs ◽  
Georgios Pipintakos ◽  
Johan Blom ◽  
Wim Van den bergh
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Dissipated Energy ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Inverse Effect ◽  
Bulk Scale

With the increased use of reclaimed asphalt (RA), the ability of bituminous materials to resist fatigue cracking may face a decline mainly due to the aged reclaimed asphalt binder (RAB), especially when RA is used at higher rates and not sufficiently treated. In this study, the bulk scale (asphalt) and its subscale (mortar) were employed to evaluate the effect on fatigue resistance when a RAB is added, by considering three replacement rates: 0%, 40%, and 70% RAB. The fatigue testing of asphalt mixtures was carried out using a four-point bending (4PB) setup, while the mortars were tested using a new column-like geometry utilising a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). The fatigue properties were further analysed using dissipated energy concepts. The aim of this study was, first, to assess whether the inclusion of a RAB can provide at least similar fatigue properties compared to an all-virgin mix, and second, to evaluate whether the proposed treatment is beneficial for the mixtures with a RAB. The asphalt tests revealed that the inclusion of a 40% RAB led to increased fatigue resistance, whereas the mortar tests showed that the inclusion of RAB has an inverse effect on fatigue life.

Damage and Thixotropy in Asphalt Mixture and Binder Fatigue Tests

2012 ◽  
Vol 2293 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Félix Pérez-Jiménez ◽  
Ramon Botella ◽  
Rodrigo Miró
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Strain Amplitude ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Viscoelastic Behavior ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Irreversible Damage

Fatigue cracking is considered one of the main damage mechanisms in asphalt pavement design. Design methods use fatigue laws obtained by laboratory testing of the materials involved. Typically, these tests consist of subjecting the asphalt mixture to cyclic loading until failure occurs. However, failure is associated not with specimen fracture (which is unusual), but with a slight decrease in the mechanical properties of the material, usually in the complex modulus. As a consequence, it is important to differentiate between real damage to the material and changes in its viscoelastic behavior and thixotropy. It is also crucial to account for the healing that occurs in asphalt material after rest periods. The above considerations are important in the fatigue testing of asphalt binders because these materials show pronounced viscoelastic behavior and thixotropy, especially when subjected to cyclic loading. This paper demonstrates that in many cases what is taken for fatigue failure during testing (i.e., a decrease in the complex modulus below half of its initial value) is actually thixotropy. Thus, the complex modulus can be recovered by reducing the loading or, as in this study, the strain applied. In contrast, asphalt mixtures experience irreversible damage, and depending on the asphalt binder, the thixotropic effects are more or less pronounced. This paper analyzes the failure criteria currently used in the fatigue testing of asphalt mixtures and binders and evaluates the parameters chosen, namely, complex modulus (G*) and phase angle (δ) to characterize asphalt binders (G*sin δ). A cyclic uniaxial tension–compression test under strain-controlled conditions was performed. Three test modalities were used: time sweeps (constant strain amplitude until total failure), increasing strain sweeps (increase in strain amplitude every 5,000 cycles), and up-and-down strain sweeps (alternating increases and decreases in strain amplitude).

Research on Performance of Emulsion Asphalt Cold Reclaimed Mixture with Various RAP Contents

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 3432-3436
Author(s):  
Xian Yuan Tang ◽  
Jie Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Compression Test ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Indirect Tensile Strength ◽  
Beam Test ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Indirect Tensile ◽  
The Impact

This paper systematically elaborates the impact upon performance of emulsion asphalt cold reclaimed asphalt mixture by different RAP contents, through a series of testing on six cold reclaimed asphalt mixtures with various RAP contents, such as single axle compression test, 15°C indirect tensile strength (ITS) test, 40°C rutting test and -10°C low-temperature bending beam test. Testing results indicate that 15°C ITS decreases from around 0.75 MPa to 0.58 MPa with the RAP content of mixture increasing from 0% to 100%. 40°C dynamic stabilities reduce considerably from around 19,000 time/mm of 0% RAP mixture to 3,600 time/mm of 100% RAP mixture. -10°C failure strains only change from 1500με to 2000με.

scholarly journals Fatigue Performance of Recycled Hot Mix Asphalt: A Laboratory Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Pasetto ◽  
Nicola Baldo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Fatigue Performance ◽  
Dissipated Energy ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Stiffness Reduction ◽  
Modified Binders ◽  
Gyratory Compaction ◽  
Experimental Data Analysis

The paper introduces and analyses the results of an experimental trial on the fatigue resistance of recycled hot mix asphalt for road pavements. Based on the gyratory compaction and the indirect tensile strength test, the mix design procedure has optimized nine different mixes, considering both conventional limestone and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP), the latter used at different quantities, up to 40% by weight of the aggregate. A standard bitumen and two polymer modified binders were used for the production of the mixes. The fatigue study was carried out with four-point bending tests, each one performed at 20°C and 10 Hz. The empirical stiffness reduction method, along with the energy ratio approach, based on the dissipated energy concept, was adopted to elaborate the experimental data. Unaged and aged specimens were checked, to analyse the ageing effects on the fatigue performance. In comparison with the control mixes, produced only with limestone, improved fatigue performance was noticed for the mixtures prepared with RAP, especially when made with polymer modified binders, under both aged and unaged conditions. Both the approaches adopted for the experimental data analysis have outlined the same ranking of the mixes.

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