scholarly journals Cultural Sustainability and Vitality of Chinese Vernacular Architecture: A Pedigree for the Spatial Art of Traditional Villages in Jiangnan Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 6898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Liu ◽  
Zaiyi Liao ◽  
Yongfa Wu ◽  
Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu ◽  
Yiwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Data Resource ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Spatial Design ◽  
Traditional Construction ◽  
High Level

Presently, the rapid urbanization in contemporary cities in China has resulted in more buildings of low cultural value and high energy consumption. Many traditional Chinese villages exhibit special spaces that have been optimally adapted to the climatic and environmental features of the area using vernacular methods. The buildings in these villages can maintain the environment more sufficiently for the intended programs and consuming a lower level of resources. The construction technics and the artistic features in these spaces are invaluable and inspiring for contemporary architectural practices. This study aims to establish a pedigree of the artistic features exhibited in traditional Chinese villages to support sustainable development. This is to be achieved through thoroughly exploring the spatial design of these villages archived in a big-data resource. The pedigree integrates the dynamics (cultural changes over a certain period of time) and static (spatial features at a fixed time) of how the spaces in these villages have evolved. It is concluded that both a high level of sustainability and exceptional artistic quality have been achieved over a long history in many of these villages where traditional construction methods and design principals were employed.

scholarly journals Circularity in the New Gravity—Re-Thinking Vernacular Architecture and Circularity

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Marwa Dabaieh ◽  
Dalya Maguid ◽  
Deena El-Mahdy
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Private Investors

The mounting climate change crisis and the rapid urbanization of cities have pressured many practitioners, policymakers, and even private investors to develop new policies, processes, and methods for achieving more sustainable construction methods. Buildings are considered to be among the main contributors to harmful environmental impacts, resource consumption, and waste generation. The concept of a circular economy (CE), also referred to as “circularity”, has gained a great deal of popularity in recent years. CE, in the context of the building industry, is based on the concept of sustainable construction, which calls for reducing negative environmental impacts while providing a healthier indoor environment and closing material loops. Both vernacular architecture design strategies and circular economy principles share many of the same core concepts. This paper aims at investigating circular economy principles in relation to vernacular architecture principles in the built environment. The study demonstrates how circular principles can be achieved through the use of vernacular construction techniques and using local building materials. This paper will focus on Egypt as one of the oldest civilizations in the world, with a wide vernacular heritage, exploring how circularity is rooted in old vernacular settlements and how it can inspire contemporary circular practices.

scholarly journals Study on the Carbon Emissions in the Whole Construction Process of Prefabricated Floor Slab

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2326
Author(s):  
Aisan Kong ◽  
Haibo Kang ◽  
Siyuan He ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Floor Slab ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Traditional Construction ◽  
High Energy Consumption

The construction industry is characterized by high energy consumption and high carbon emissions. With growing concern about climate change, environmental protection is becoming increasingly important. In this paper, the whole construction process of prefabricated floor slab (PFS) is divided into three stages: production, transportation, and construction stages. Carbon emissions are calculated based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) method. A case study of PFS construction in Shaoxing city, China, was examined, and the calculation results were compared and evaluated with the traditional construction methods, which showed that in the production stage, carbon emissions increased due to mechanical operations during the prefabrication process. In the transportation stage, carbon emissions also increased due to the heavier prefabricated components during the transportation process. During the on-site construction stage, carbon emissions considerably decreased due to the lower hoisting frequency and less on-site pouring.

On sinterability of nanostructured W produced by high-energy ball milling

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1200-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Malewar ◽  
K.S. Kumar ◽  
B.S. Murty ◽  
B. Sarma ◽  
S.K. Pabi
Keyword(s):  
Sintered Density ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Deformation Bands ◽  
Dramatic Decrease ◽  
Powder Charge ◽  
Grinding Media ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time

The present investigation reports for the first time a dramatic decrease in the sintering temperature of elemental W from the conventional temperature of ≥2500 °C to the modest temperature range of 1700–1790 °C by making the W powder nanostructured through high-energy mechanical milling (MM) prior to sintering. The crystallite size of the initial W powder charge with a particle size of 3–4 μm could be brought down to 8 nm by MM for 5 h in WC grinding media. Further milling resulted in a high level of WC contamination, which apparently was due to work hardening and the grain refinement of W. A sintered density as high as 97.4% was achieved by sintering cold, isostatically pressed nanocrystalline (8 nm) W powder at 1790 °C for 900 min. The microstructure of the sintered rods showed the presence of deformation bands, but no cracks, within a large number of W grains. The mechanical properties, when compared with the hardness and elastic modulus, of the sintered nano-W specimen were somewhat superior to those reported for the conventional sintered W.

Heritage Restoration as a Tool to Promote Architectural Identity in the Gulf Regions

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Mazzetto
Keyword(s):  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Global Dimension ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Research Profile ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
New Research

AbstractRecently most of the Gulf countries have had significant urban development, with innovative architecture, as a result of the production of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) in many places in the world. This has generated an unprecedented construction boom in the cities and the surrounding areas.Despite their rather short urban history, the Gulf States have recently launched several signatures mega-projects, where public investments are developing an urban structure of a global dimension. Affecting the direction of the rapid urbanization is a permanent tension between the creation of a new, modern cultural identity and the promotion of traditional architecture. One aim is to establish new connections with local history and cultural traditions.To reveal the challenge of the construction of a new architectural identity in the Arab emerging cities, this paper focuses on the action needed to preserve historical, cultural, traditional, and architectural heritage, with the aim of filling the gaps of knowledge and encouraging new research in the fields of restoration and conservation that will lead to future practical implementation.The paper also calls for a fresh look at the tradition, modernity, and identity, by outlining a number of aspects related to the current status of architectural heritage conservation in some Arab cities. Traditional culture, ancient architectural constructions, and vernacular architecture are the result of historical processes and products of Arab societies. Understanding this is an indispensable tool for the comprehension of the Arab modern cities, a knowledge which can influence their future expansion and revitalization, and the shaping of a new architectural identity in these areas. In the Arab regions, restoration methodologies also need to be defined and implemented with the aim of preserving cultural heritage and raising the conservation and restoration research profile among the international research community.

WHAT DRIVES ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN BRICS COUNTRIES? EVIDENCE FROM ARDL BOUNDS TESTING APPROACH

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150053
Author(s):  
SMRUTI RANJAN BEHERA ◽  
TAPAS MISHRA ◽  
DEVI PRASAD DASH ◽  
LINGARAJ MALLICK
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Human Development ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Bounds Testing Approach ◽  
Testing Approach ◽  
Developed Nations

Rapid urbanization, openness and growth in human development index are some of the leading determinants of energy consumption in developing countries, particularly in BRICS economies (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). Thanks to their innate tendency to converge to the growth path of developed nations, BRICS countries are under increasing pressure to limit high energy consumption — triggered by outsourcing from developed nations. This paper attempts to weigh the relative importance of various determinants of energy consumption in BRICS countries between 1980 and 2016, studying in-depth the long-run co-movement pattern of energy consumption with demographic characteristics (depicting demand pressure) and macroeconomic aggregates (depicting cheap production cost). By leveraging on the trade-off between domestic and foreign demand and by employing the autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach, we establish differential effects of various predictors: whilst an increase in population growth rate, gross domestic product and capital account openness exert a positive and significant impact on energy consumption in Brazil, China and South Africa, foreign direct investment (FDI) and human development appear to enhance energy consumption in India, China and South Africa. The growth in external demand and the FDI inflows appear to have pushed urbanization, leading to greater energy consumption during the study period. Keeping in mind the sustainability goal, stronger green energy practices and sustainable urbanization patterns are needed to curb excessive energy sources.

ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTING OF PUBLIC PREMISES

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
E. A. Kuznetsov ◽  
N. P. Nesterkina ◽  
Yu. A. Zhuravleva ◽  
S. A. Mikaeva
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institution ◽  
Light Output ◽  
Light Flux ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
High Level ◽  
Incandescent Lamps

The article provides a technical and economic comparison of costs when covering 10 classrooms of a general educational institution with LED and fluorescent lamps for a period of 10 years. The main advantage of led light sources is the high level of light output compared to traditional light sources. Replacing incandescent lamps and gas-discharge ICS with led ICS can significantly reduce energy costs. Currently, led ICS are increasingly replacing traditional ICS due to their high energy efficiency and safety. For comparison, luminescent lamps LVO04-4x14-031 and LED lamps DVO12-45-003 produced by JSC “Ardatovsky lighting plant” with a comparable light flux and light distribution were selected. The number of lamps in the 65 m2 auditorium was chosen based on the normalized illumination of 500 Lux on a horizontal work surface (0.8 m). The calculation of the number of lamps that meet all the requirements for lighting in General and higher educational institutions was carried out in the DiaLux 4.13 program. According to preliminary calculations, lighting with led lamps will reduce energy costs over 10 years by 2.16 times compared to fluorescent lamps. The maximum expenses are spent on the purchase of new led lamps. This is mainly due to the higher price of led lighting devices compared to fluorescent ones.

Sustaining Vernacular Architecture - Antiochia as a Sample

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
Meltem Yýlmaz
Keyword(s):  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Building Design ◽  
First Century ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Climate History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rural Economies ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Century ◽  
The Impact

Much of the world, is currently experiencing intense growth, especially in and around cities. Most conventional practitioners of modern design and construction find it easier to make buildings as if nature and place did not exist. Cars and factories might be thought as the most obvious enemies of the environment, but buildings consume more than half the energy used worldwide. Attempts to destroy building traditions have been associated in some countries with a drive to modernize. Beyond the traditional aspects of dwelling, the impact of globalization and its effect on rural economies, environmental problems, rapid urbanization and the unprecedented scale of housing problems which confront the peoples of the world in the twenty-first century, bring a new urgency to the study of the vernacular architecture in a sustaining sense. In this work, the concept of “sustainability” will be taken into consideration especially within the building scale. Vernacular architecture in the past produced a built environment which met people's needs without deteriorating the environment. This paper discusses the concept of sustainability in building design and connects it to the vernacular architecture with the search of the vernacular Antiochia houses as a sample; focusing on its architectural properties in detail. The study concludes that what is expected of architects in the current century is, wherever they work, they are to understand and digest the nature of climate, history and culture, that is to say, to obtain inspiration from the essence of place and to contribute to the creation of relevant architecture and city for a sustainable future.

Applications of Big Data and Green IoT-Enabling Technologies for Smart Cities

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-41
Author(s):  
Onur Dogan ◽  
Omer Faruk Gurcan
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Data Resource ◽  
Parallel Data ◽  
Information And Communication

In recent years, enormous amounts of digital data have been generated. In parallel, data collection, storage, and analysis technologies have developed. Recently, there has been an increasing trend of people moving towards urban areas. By 2030 more than 60% of the world's population will live in an urban environment. Urban areas are big data resource because they include millions of citizens, technological devices, and vehicles which generate data continuously. Besides, rapid urbanization brings many challenges, such as environmental pollution, traffic congestion, health problems, energy management, etc. Some policies for countries are required to cope with urbanization problems. One of these policies is to build smart cities. Smart cities integrate information and communication technology and various physical devices connected to the network (the internet of things or IoT) to both improve the quality of government services and citizen welfare. This chapter presents a literature review of big data, smart cities, IoT, green-IoT concepts, using technology and methods, and applications worldwide.

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