scholarly journals Urban or Rural: Does It Make A Difference for Economic Resilience? A Modelling Study on Economic and Cultural Geography in Romania

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru Pavel ◽  
Bogdan Andrei Moldovan ◽  
Karima Kourtit ◽  
Peter Nijkamp
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Explanatory Factors

This article aims at investigating and measuring the economic resilience of local communities (43 urban and 403 rural) in Romania. The study focuses on the implications of the deep economic and financial crisis from 2008 to 2011 and explores the capacity of Romanian local economies in the North-West region to respond to these events. The research consists of developing an appropriate framework for assessing and quantifying community economic resilience, based on previous research of existing literature, and of measuring local economic development through a composite indicator by aggregating a series of variables using principal component analysis. The results show some striking differences between urban and rural communities in terms of impact, recovery, and performance compared with a pre-crisis level. Through regression analysis we were able to not only identify the determinants/explanatory factors for high-impact resilience that helped the recovery after an economic shock, but also the resilience drivers for ‘bouncing forward’ after the crisis, for both urban and rural communities. Our findings show an interesting change in the regional economy: some economic activities from the large urban areas in Romania moved to the nearby rural areas.

scholarly journals Determining Local Economic Development in the Rural Areas of Romania. Exploring the Role of Exogenous Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru Pavel ◽  
Octavian Moldovan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Exogenous Factors

Based on data collected for 398 communes from the North-West development region of Romania between 2007 and 2014, this article presents a local economic development (LED) index for rural communities and identifies the main factors which influence LED in these communities. Our results show that exogenous factors, such as location in the influence area of urban communities and the existence of a direct connection to the European Road Network, influence the level of LED. At the same time nor the aforementioned exogenous factors nor other exogenous factors, such as non-refundable investments programs in local core infrastructure (financed by the European Union and the Romanian Government) which were designed to accelerate/spur economic development, as well as direct connections to the National Roads Network, do not have any statistically significant influence on spurring/accelerating LED (at least in this short period of time).

scholarly journals Residents’ Perception of Destination Quality: Key Factors for Sustainable Rural Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iulia C. Muresan ◽  
Rezhen Harun ◽  
Felix H. Arion ◽  
Camelia F. Oroian ◽  
Diana E. Dumitras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
North West ◽  
The North

Tourism represents a viable alternative for economic activities in rural areas, and improves the living standards of the communities. The aim of the paper is to assess residents’ perceptions towards tourism destination quality in the North-West Development Region of Romania using the following items: natural attractions: cultural and social attractions; accommodation; food; availability of transportation to destination area; quality of information and communication; hospitality of host community; feeling of security and safety. A survey was conducted to collect the data and a total of 433 questionnaires were validated and analyzed. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Principal component analysis, ANOVA, Scheffe multiple range test) were used to analyze the data. Results show that there are statistically significant differences in residents’ perceptions between counties. Two of the components of destination quality (general infrastructure and tourism potential) are affected by the gender of residents, while the level of education has no significant effect. A weak and indirect correlation was found between the age of residents and their perception towards a quality destination. This study makes two contributions to the existing literature. First, a questionnaire was developed based on the QUALITEST tool adapted to the realities of the research area. Second, we analyzed the perception of residents towards a quality destination in relation to their socio-demographic characteristics and county of residence. Understanding the implications of tourism development from the residents’ point of view helps to increase knowledge about the factors affecting the long-term, sustainable success of tourism destinations.

scholarly journals Profil Epidemiologique De La Leishmaniose Cutanee Dans La Region Du Gharb- Maroc De 2006 À 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Aziz El Aasri ◽  
Alaoui Zakaria ◽  
Khadija El Kharrim ◽  
Driss Belghyti ◽  
Yassine Aqachmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
North West ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
The North ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Leishmaniose Cutanée

Between 2006 and 2014, 439 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis were recorded in the region of Gharb Chrarda Beni Hssen in the north-west of Morocco. With an annual incidence of 49.1 cases per year and a sex-ratio (M / F) of 0.71. The disease has affected all age groups. The most stricken population is children and young people between the ages of 6 months and 30 years with more than 60.26 % of cases. Therefore, Cutaneous leishmaniasis almost hits the rural and urban areas but with an uneven impact. It is higher in rural areas where they are registered with a percentage of 56.7% of cases in contrast to a percentage of 43.3% in urban areas.

scholarly journals Exploration of the views of traditional healers regarding the Termination of Pregnancy (TOP) law

Curationis ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Rakhudu ◽  
AMM Mmelesi ◽  
CPH Myburgh ◽  
M Poggenpoel
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Termination Of Pregnancy ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Educational Programmes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Field Notes

The North-West Province is predominantly a rural area, and traditional healers remain the most important and influential members of the rural communities. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research design was used. In-depth, individual focused and interactive interviews were held with eight traditional healers from the rural areas of Mmabatho-Mafikeng. In addition, field notes and observations were utilised. The objective of this article is to explore the views of the traditional healers regarding termination of pregnancy (TOP) law. The results reflected the following themes: termination of pregnancy is killing; a child is a precious gift from God and the ancestors; there are alternatives to TOP; people who had any type of abortion should be cleansed with “dipitsa” or herbs; TOP may be allowed only in case of rape and incest, rape and incest offenders should be severely punished; and the traditional healers were not consulted during formulation of the TOP Law. It is therefore recommended that traditional should be involved in TOP workshops and educational programmes to enable them to provide counselling before and after abortion.

scholarly journals Tick-borne Relapsing Fever in Children in the North-west of Iran, Qazvin

2015 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parviz Ayazi ◽  
Abolfazl Mahyar ◽  
Sonia Oveisi ◽  
Neda Esmailzadehha ◽  
Sadralnesa Nooroozi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Relapsing Fever ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Age Range

Relapsing fever is caused by theBorreliaspecies of spirochetes. Louse-borne epidemics of the disease may happen but the endemic disease is generally transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected tick (Ornithodorus). Clinical and laboratory findings of tick-borne relapsing fever in children in the north-west of Iran, Qazvin, were evaluated. This study was conducted from September 1992 to September 2012. Records from 53 cases of tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) were reviewed. In positive cases, febrile illness, and spirochetes were recognized in peripheral blood preparations. Of the 53 children younger than 12 years, fifty two percent were male and about one third (34%) of the patients were in the age range of 7–12 years. The disease is recorded through the whole year but its peak occurs during summer (52.8%) and autumn (32.1%). Sixty eight percent of patients were living in urban areas but had frequent travel to rural area. Thirty two percent of the cases were living in rural areas where their dwellings were close to animal shelters. All (100%) of the 53 subjects were febrile. Travellers to the rural areas with high prevalence of the disease should be attentive of the risk of tick-borne relapsing fever and use suitable control measures. Consequently relapsing fever should be considered when patients who live in or have vacationed in north-west of Iran show a recurring febrile illness.

scholarly journals DO SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RURAL BACKYARD FARMERS’ HOUSEHOLDS DRIVE INCOME GENERATION FROM BACKYARD FARMING? EVIDENCE FROM NORTH WEST PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-307
Author(s):  
Neo Mokone ◽  
Michael Antwi ◽  
Clarietta Chagwiza
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Income Generation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
North West Province ◽  
Formal Employment

People in most developing countries’ rural areas around the world face food insecurity and malnutrition due to many factors, including low purchasing power. There is renewed interest in backyard or home gardens as a source of income and a pathway out of poverty and food insecurity among rural households. This paper identifies and analyzes the factors that influence income generation from backyard farming among backyard farmers in the rural communities of Bojanala district municipality in the North West province. Using a structured questionnaire, cross-sectional data was collected from 220 backyard farmers. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the data; the findings reveal that gender of household head, formal employment, farm ownership, farming experience and annual income from livestock had a positive and significant influence on income generation from backyard farming. To maximize the potential of backyard gardens as a source of income generation and livelihood, policymakers and relevant government departments must pay close attention to these variables

scholarly journals La contribución de la mujer en la economía rural de Castilla y León

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Rico-González ◽  
Jesús Mª Gómez García
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Castilla Y Leon ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Rural World

Women's participation in the socio-economic activities of rural areas has been frequently underestimated. However, in recent years there is a clear awareness of public authorities that women’s inclusion in strategies for the economic revitalisation of the rural world is essential to fix population and generate income and employment in this territory. The objective of this paper focuses on determining the economic contribution of women to the development of rural areas of the Spanish region of Castilla y León. It analyses the relationship between the degree of development of rural communities and the socioeconomic characteristics of women who live in those territories. The analysis follows a methodology based on three types of multivariate techniques: the principal component analysis, the multiple regression analysis and the analysis of clusters. The results show that the economic and social participation of women in rural areas is a precondition to achieve a higher level of welfare and development in these areas.

TURNING FARMERS INTO SOCIAL FARMER ENTREPRENEURS FOR DISADVANTAGED PEOPLE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remus Runcan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Development Programme ◽  
Rural And Urban

According to Romania’s National Rural Development Programme, the socio-economic situation of the rural environment has a large number of weaknesses – among which low access to financial resources for small entrepreneurs and new business initiatives in rural areas and poorly developed entrepreneurial culture, characterized by a lack of basic managerial knowledge – but also a large number of opportunities – among which access of the rural population to lifelong learning and entrepreneurial skills development programmes and entrepreneurs’ access to financial instruments. The population in rural areas depends mainly on agricultural activities which give them subsistence living conditions. The gap between rural and urban areas is due to low income levels and employment rates, hence the need to obtain additional income for the population employed in subsistence and semi-subsistence farming, especially in the context of the depopulation trend. At the same time, the need to stimulate entrepreneurship in rural areas is high and is at a resonance with the need to increase the potential of rural communities from the perspective of landscape, culture, traditional activities and local resources. A solution could be to turn vegetal and / or animal farms into social farms – farms on which people with disabilities (but also adolescents and young people with anxiety, depression, self-harm, suicide, and alexithymia issues) might find a “foster” family, bed and meals in a natural, healthy environment, and share the farm’s activities with the farmer and the farmer’s family: “committing to a regular day / days and times for a mutually agreed period involves complying with any required health and safety practices (including use of protective clothing and equipment), engaging socially with the farm family members and other people working on and around the farm, and taking on tasks which would include working on the land, taking care of animals, or helping out with maintenance and other physical work”

Integrated waste water management for a small river basin - a case study

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
R. Fenz ◽  
M. Zessner ◽  
N. Kreuzinger ◽  
H. Kroiss
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Management ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
The North ◽  
Waste Water Management

In Austria approximately 70% of the population is connected to sewerage and to biological waste water treatment plants. Whereas the urban areas are already provided with these facilities to a very high extent, effort is still needed in rural areas to meet the requirements of the Austrian legislation. The way, this task should be solved has provoked much controversy. It is mainly the question, whether centralised or decentralised sewage disposal systems are preferable from the ecological and economical point of view, that became a political issue during the last 5 years. The Institute for Water Quality and Waste Management was asked to elaborate a waste water management concept for the Lainsitz River Basin, a mainly rural area in the north of Austria discharging to the Elbe river. Both ecological and economical aspects should be considered. This paper presents the methodology that was applied and the criteria which were decisive for the selection of the final solution.

scholarly journals Rural–urban variation in insecticide-treated net utilization among pregnant women: evidence from 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Kwabena Ameyaw ◽  
Kenneth Setorwu Adde ◽  
Shadrach Dare ◽  
Sanni Yaya
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Itn Use

Abstract Background In 2018, Nigeria accounted for the highest prevalence of malaria worldwide. Pregnant women and children under five years bear the highest risk of malaria. Geographical factors affect utilization of insecticide-treated nets (ITN), yet existing literature have paid little attention to the rural–urban dimension of ITN utilization in Nigeria. This study aimed at investigating the rural–urban variation in ITN utilization among pregnant women in Nigeria using data from the 2018 Demographic and Health Survey. Methods A total of 2909 pregnant women were included in the study. The prevalence of ITN utilization for rural and urban pregnant women of Nigeria were presented with descriptive statistics. Chi-square test was employed to assess the association between residence, socio-demographic characteristics and ITN utilization at 95% level of significance. Subsequently, binary logistic regression was used to assess the influence of residence on ITN utilization. Results Eight out of ten of the rural residents utilized ITN (86.1%) compared with 74.1% among urban residents. Relative to urban pregnant women, those in rural Nigeria had higher odds of utilizing ITNs both in the crude [cOR = 2.17, CI = 1.66–2.84] and adjusted models [aOR = 1.18, CI = 1.05–1.24]. Pregnant women aged 40–44 had lower odds of ITN utilization compared to those aged 15–19 [aOR = 0.63, CI = 0.44–0.92]. Poorer pregnant women had higher odds of ITN utilization compared with poorest pregnant women [aOR = 1.09, CI = 1.04–1.32]. Across regions, those in the south [aOR = 0.26, CI = 0.14–0.49] and south-west [aOR = 0.29, CI = 0.16–0.54] had lower odds of ITN use compared to their counterparts in the north-west region. Conclusion The high use of ITNs among pregnant women in Nigeria may be due to the prioritization of rural communities by previous interventions. This is a dimension worth considering to enhance the attainment of the national anti-malarial initiatives. Since possession of ITN is not a guarantee for utilization, women in urban locations need constant reminder of ITN use through messages delivered at ANC and radio advertisements. Moreover, subsequent mass ITN campaigns ought to take cognizance of variations ITN use across regions and pragmatic steps be taken to increase the availability of ITN in households since there is a moderately high use in households with at least one ITN in Nigeria.

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