scholarly journals The Role of Landscape Art in Cultural and National Identity: Chinese and European Comparisons

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Wen ◽  
Paul White
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Song Dynasty ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Landscape Art ◽  
Political Role ◽  
History Of ◽  
Constant Feature ◽  
Definition Of

The depiction of landscape in art has played a major role in the creation of cultural identities in both China and Europe. Landscape depiction has a history of over 1000 years in China, whilst in Europe its evolution has been more recent. Landscape art (shan shui) has remained a constant feature of Chinese culture and has changed little in style and purpose since the Song dynasty. In Europe, landscape depictions have been significant in the modern determination of cultural and national identities and have served to educate consumers about their country. Consideration is given here to Holland, England, Norway, Finland and China, demonstrating how landscape depictions served to support a certain definition of Chinese culture but have played little political role there, whilst in Europe landscape art has been produced in a variety of contexts, including providing support for nationalism and the determination of national identity.

Brain Death

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupamaa Seshadri ◽  
Ali Salim
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Apnea Test ◽  
Brainstem Reflex ◽  
Practice Parameters ◽  
Confirmatory Tests ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pediatric Populations ◽  
Definition Of

The concept of “brain death” is one that has been controversial over time, requiring the development of clear guidelines to diagnose and give prognoses for patients after devastating neurologic injury. This review discusses the history of the definition of brain death, as well as the most recent guidelines and practice parameters on the determination of brain death in both the adult and pediatric populations. We provide specific and detailed instructions on the various clinical tests required, including the brain death neurologic examination and the apnea test, and discuss pitfalls in the diagnosis of brain death. This review also considers the most recent literature and guidelines as to the role of confirmatory tests making this diagnosis.  Key Words: apnea test, brain death, brainstem reflex, death examination

From the Serbian Fair to the Russian Museum: On the Ethnographic Relevance of the Gingerbread Collection from 1902

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
A. A. Mikhaylova
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Cultural Meaning ◽  
Globalizing World ◽  
History Of

Serbian fi gured gingerbreads owned by the Russian Museum of Ethnography are described, the history of the collection is provided, and its cultural meaning is evaluated. Ethnographic parallels are analyzed, and archaic examples are cited. The custom of baking gingerbread results from the commercialization of the agricultural tradition of baking ritual bread. In terms of cultural anthropology, the question may be raised whether the replacement of destroyed originals by plaster replicas preserves the information potential and ethnographic value of the collection. Its interpretation is relevant to national identity in new Balkan nations such as Slovenia, Croatia, and Serbia. Another problem is if and how a craft shared by several peoples can be an ethnic marker. In terms of ethnographic museology in the globalizing world, the prospects of acquiring recent collections are discussed. The role of such collections in constructing new national identities may be considerable.

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Late Modernity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter extends the book’s insights about nature, technology, and nation to the larger history of the modern period. While the modern nation loses its grip as a locus of identity and analysis, attempts to understand the operation, disruption, and collapse of continental and global infrastructures continue to mix the natural and the machinic in ways that define them both. Those vulnerabilities emphasize large-scale catastrophe; historiographically, they mask the crucial role of small-scale failures in the experience and culture of late modernity, including its definition of nature. Historical actors turned the uneven geographical distribution of small-scale failures into a marker of distinctive local natures and an element of regional and national identity. Attending to those failures helps not only situate cold-war technologies in the larger modern history of natural and machinic orders; it helps provincialize the superpowers by casting problematic “other” natures as central and primary.

Exact determination of critical damping in multiple exponential kernel-based viscoelastic single-degree-of-freedom systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 3843-3861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Lázaro
Keyword(s):  
Past History ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Single Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Single Degree ◽  
Critical Curves ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Analytical Expressions ◽  
Critical Damping

In this paper, exact closed forms of critical damping manifolds for multiple-kernel-based nonviscous single-degree-of-freedom oscillators are derived. The dissipative forces are assumed to depend on the past history of the velocity response via hereditary exponential kernels. The damping model depends on several parameters, considered variables in the context of this paper. Those parameter combinations which establish thresholds between induced overdamped and underdamped motion are called critical damping manifolds. If such manifolds are represented on a coordinate plane of two damping parameters, then they are named critical curves, so that overdamped regions are bounded by them. Analytical expressions of critical curves are deduced in parametric form, considering certain local nondimensional parameters based on the Laplace variable in the frequency domain. The definition of the new parameter (called the critical parameter) is supported by several theoretical results. The proposed expressions are validated through numerical examples showing perfect fitting of the determined critical curves and overdamped regions.

Perceived Threats and Governing Capacity

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 147-166
Author(s):  
Bill Chou
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
City Government ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Public Inputs ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
Political Economies ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Degree

Abstract Many of the past literature on small states focus on the foreign policies and political economies of liberal democracies. This paper examines the non-liberal democracies of Singapore and Macao in their construction of national identities. Non-liberal democracies are different from their democratic counterparts in their reactions to perceived threats. Instead of forming a corporatist system to make important decisions by consensus, both Singapore and Macao leadership exclude the participation of civil society in defining their national identities. Faced with high perceived threats and armed with strong governing capacity, Singapore succeeds in building a national identity overarching the cultural identities of major ethnic groups. In view of electoral setbacks, Singapore leaders have to include more public inputs into its policy making process, including the definition of national identity. On the contrary, the perceived threats of Macao are not pressing. The cultural and political affinity enables the post-colonial Macao to integrate smoothly with China’s national identities defined by the Communist leadership. The relative weak capacity of the city government makes the building of national identities gradual. Its high degree of ethnic homogeneity has contributed to a process of nation building relatively free of disputes.

scholarly journals International relations in the context of modern hybrid war

2018 ◽  
pp. 136-146
Author(s):  
Oleg Polishchuk
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Political Arena ◽  
Tension Level ◽  
Political Rivalry ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hybrid War ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Parts

The present paper considers the main approaches to definition and understanding of concept of hybrid war, the substantive provisions of the phenomenon of hybrid war and its features in the international relations are analyzed, absence of unified definition of concept of “hybrid war” in scientific field is stated, also pre-conditions of hybrid war development by a countryaggressor are considered. Actuality of problem. The problem of the “Hybrid War” due to the increase of the tension level is actualized, which ultimately leads to significant resource losses. All this affects on development of society and the state, as weal as on the all the processes that take place in them. Lately in different parts of the world there is a far of local and domestic conflicts that on the essence appear opposition of supercountries through aspiration to protect the interests and occupy leader positions on a world political arena. This problem puts further європейську and world safety under a threat. “Cold war” became one of main varieties of relations between countries during the last two centuries through intensifying of political rivalry and wars for diverse reasons. This position predetermines the necessity of deep and objective research of this phenomenon. Consequently it is very important to expose maintenance, pre-conditions of origin, basic signs and possible consequences of this destructive process from event on east of Ukraine. Also study of this problem predefined by the necessity of fight and evelopment of effective counterweapons, determination of ways of her avoidance to hybrid war in the future. Innovativeness of analysis of this problem appears through a look to hybrid war in Ukraine as a constituent of “cold war”, new landmark of history of opposition to Russia and the West, exposure of the personal touches of “cold war” in our time, establishment of conceptual positions of this concept and him specific lines in international relations.

scholarly journals MONTENEGRO IN TRAVELOGUE BLACK LAMB AND GREY FALCON: A JOURNEY THROUGH YUGOSLAVIA, 1941) REBECCA WEST

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-51
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Rebecca West ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Ethnic Stereotypes ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Gerard Genette

The subject of this paper will be the presentation of Montenegro in the travelogue Black Lamb and Grey Falcon by Rebecca West. This travelogue will be analysed from the literary-historical, literary-theoretical and imagological perspectives. We will deal with the chronotope of Montenegro (Kolashin, Podgorica, Cetinje and Budva) and the national identity of the Montenegrin people from the viewpoint of a travelogue narrator that does not belong to that nation, as well as the creation of trans- national identities. We will also pay attention to the construction of ethnic stereotypes and their (non)duration in time. The paper will also include a comparison of characters and events depicted in the travelogue with historical figures and the events on which they are modelled. “The key assumption of the literary-historical approach to the travelogue discourse is finding its typical places, shaping specific rhetoric of the travelogue based on a few backings from the narratology to the history of mentality.” (Duda 1998, 92) The presentation of Montenegro in the travelogue Black Lamb and Grey Falcon will be based on Duda’s assumptions and Bakhtin’s perception of chronotope as “the essential interconnection of time and space relations” (Bakhtin 1989, 193). We will also take into account the views of Gerard Genette and Mieke Bal.

The Archives of the Municipality and the High Court of Asmara, Eritrea: Discovering the Eritrea “Hidden from History”

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 469-478
Author(s):  
Francesca Locatelli
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
The Political ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
High Court ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
Guerrilla War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

Eritrean independence in 1993 raised fundamental questions regarding the Eritrean past. Inevitably, scholars initially focused their analysis on the history of the Eritrean nationalist movement and liberation struggle. The long guerrilla war against the Ethiopian regime attracted the interest of numerous researchers, not only because of its implications for the redefinition of the political landscape of the Horn of Africa, but also because of the ways in which it had mobilized and reorganized Eritrean society. While this literature has shed much light upon interesting aspects of the political history of independent Eritrea, further investigation of the precolonial and colonial past is still required to gain a deeper understanding of the formation of Eritrean national identity in all its intricate facets.The question of Eritrean national identity is intimately connected to its colonial history, which in many ways remains marginalized in the analysis of Eritrean past. The Italian colonial period between 1890 and 1941 was a crucial moment in the definition of those social and political transformations which contributed to the formation of Eritrea-as-a-nation. Nevertheless, this historical phase remains underexplored. The colonial past has been an issue that European powers to varying extents have had to confront since the end of empire. Both historians of colonialism and Africanist historians have collaborated in the reconstruction of the past of colonized societies. In Italy this process remains in embryonic form. Many Africanist historians, such as Irma Taddia and Alessandro Triulzi, have already addressed the problem concerning the gaps left by Italian historiography on both the colonial past and the history of the colonized societies in its various aspects. As Triulzi points out, both practical and political reasons slowed the development of those debates that were emerging in the historiographies of other excolonial powers.

Holocene history of the estuarine area surrounding Portage, Alaska as recorded in a 93 m core

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 802-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Bartsch-Winkler ◽  
A. Thomas Ovenshine ◽  
Reuben Kachadoorian
Keyword(s):  
Estuarine System ◽  
Sedimentation Rates ◽  
Cook Inlet ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Unconsolidated Sediment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

A 93 m core obtained at Portage, Alaska records four prograding cycles of estuarine deposition for the past 8230 ± 100 years. Analyses of texture, mineralogy, paleontology, and sedimentary structures enable definition of eight lithologic units. Mineralogic studies show that past and present sedimentation at Portage has been largely mud and sand from the Susitna River on the northwest side of Cook Inlet. Six radiocarbon dates from concentrated organic debris in the core and on the surface enable determination of sedimentation rates for four intervals and show rates to be higher and to vary more at depth than rates nearer the surface. The glacier-carved Turnagain Arm fiord has been receiving sediment for at least the past 14 000 years, as estimated by extrapolation of calculated sedimentation rates to the thickness of unconsolidated sediment drilled at Portage, which totals approximately 300 m. Presently, deposition is accomplished "instantly" as the result of tectonic subsidence and compaction of sediment caused by periodic earthquakes, in combination with a turbid estuarine system.

scholarly journals International relations in 21 century: the place and role Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
О. О. Поліщук
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
International Relations ◽  
The West ◽  
Tension Level ◽  
Political Rivalry ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hybrid War ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Parts

The present paper considers the main approaches to definition and understanding of concept of hybrid war,the substantive provisions of the phenomenon of hybrid war and its features in the international relations areanalyzed, absence of unified definition of concept of “hybrid war” in scientific field is stated, also pre-conditionsof hybrid war development by a country-aggressor are considered.Actuality of problem. The problem of the “Hybrid War” due to the increase of the tension level is actualized,which ultimately leads to significant resource losses. All this affects on development of society and the state, asweal as on the all the processes that take place in them.Lately in different parts of the world there is a far of local and domestic conflicts that on the essence appearopposition of supercountries through aspiration to protect the interests and occupy leader positions on a worldpolitical arena. This problem puts further European and world safety under a threat.«Cold war» became one of main varieties of relations between countries during the last two centuries throughintensifying of political rivalry and wars for diverse reasons.This position predetermines the necessity of deep and objective research of this phenomenon. Consequentlyit is very important to expose maintenance, pre-conditions of origin, basic signs and possible consequences ofthis destructive process from event on east of Ukraine. Also study of this problem predefined by the necessityof fight and development of effective counterweapons, determination of ways of its avoidance to hybrid warin the future. Innovativeness of analysis of this problem appears through a look to hybrid war in Ukraine asa constituent of «cold war», new landmark of history of opposition to Russia and the West, exposure of thepersonal touches of «cold war» in our time, establishment of conceptual positions of this concept and its specificlines in international relations.

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