scholarly journals Road Investment and Traffic Safety: An International Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Calvo-Poyo ◽  
José Navarro-Moreno ◽  
Juan de Oña
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Road Network ◽  
International Study ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Road Mortality ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Road Fatality

The aim of this study is to analyse whether the economic resources invested in roads—both investment in construction and expenditure on maintenance and conservation—have any influence on road fatality rates. Since this is a complex problem, and because there are many factors that can influence the fatality rate, other variables related to specific transport, socioeconomic and meteorological factors are also considered. The study was carried out using a panel data model, modelling road mortality as a function of 12 variables. The scope of the study is international, focusing on the interurban road network. Data were collected from 23 European countries for the period 1998–2016. The main results obtained are that both expenditure on road maintenance and conservation and the proportion of motorways in the total road network contribute to reducing road mortality. Contrariwise, greater investment in construction leads to an increase in the fatality rate.

scholarly journals Towards a Rule-driven Approach for Updating Dynamic Road Segments

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 405-411
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Jelokhani-Niaraki ◽  
Ali Asghar Alesheikh ◽  
Abbas Alimohammadi ◽  
Abolghasem Sadeghi-Niaraki
Keyword(s):  
Data Model ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dynamic Segmentation ◽  
Transportation Organization ◽  
Manual Tasks ◽  
The City ◽  
Transportation Applications ◽  
Road Segments

In recent years, the development of the GIS-T (Geographic Information System for Transportation) applications has gained much attention, providing the transportation planners and managers with in-depth knowledge to achieve better decisions. Needless to say, developing a successful GIS for transportation applications is highly dependent on the design of a well-structured data model. Dynamic segmentation (DS) data model is a popular one being used more and more for different GIS-T analyses, serving as a data model that splits linear features into new set of segments wherever its attributes change. In most cases, the sets of segments presenting a particular attribute change frequently. Transportation managers place great importance on having regular update and revision of segmented data to ensure correct and precise decisions are made. However, updating the segmented data manually is a difficult task and a time-consuming process to do, demanding an automatic approach. To alleviate this, the present study describes a rule-based method using topological concept to simply update road segments and replace the manual tasks that users are to carry out. The proposed approach was employed and implemented on real road network data of the City of Tehran provided by the Road Maintenance and Transportation Organization (RMTO) of Iran. The practical results demonstrated that the time, cost, human-type errors, and complexity involved in update tasks are all reduced. KEYWORDS: GIS-T, dynamic segmentation, segment, automatic update, change type, rule

scholarly journals Optimizing Strategies for the Urban Work Zone with Time Window Constraints

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 4218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Yu ◽  
Jinxian Weng ◽  
Wanying Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Nonlinear Program ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Variable Speed Limit ◽  
Travel Delay ◽  
Time Window Constraints

Work zones that move with road maintenance tasks are enclosing and have caused severe traffic jams and the significant decline of road capacity. This paper proposes an intelligent-based multi-objects road maintenance optimization strategy based on a practical origin–destination (OD) matrix and complicated work schedules over a real urban road network. It focuses on the optimization of multi short-term maintenance tasks and the minimization of average travel delay for vehicles passing through. By taking the driving characteristic into account, static and dynamic variable speed limit strategies provide access to ensure safety on the working road network. Through this view, the problem was formulated as a mixed multi-object nonlinear program (MNLP) model with respect to the time window of the related sub-maintenance task. By using actual OD distribution matrix data, a series of microscopic simulated cases were conducted to test the model’s validity. Moreover, sensitive analyses of types of parameters (e.g., traffic safety threshold, traffic flow and working efficiency) with an optimal solution were discussed considering five different scenarios.

scholarly journals The System Dynamic and Compram Methodologies for Modelling, Simulation and Forecasting of Road Safety of Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
Jamshid Abdunazarov ◽  
Miroslava Mikusova ◽  
Kyandoghere Kyamakya
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
System Dynamic ◽  
Road Mortality ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Reported Data

Abstract In Uzbekistan, about 2,000 people die every year as a result of a traffic accident. At the same time, according to the Pulitzer Centre on Crisis Reporting, the Republic has the lowest rate in road mortality among the countries in the Central Asian region - for every 100,000 people, it is 11.32 people. Losses from road accidents in Uzbekistan equivalent up to 2.8% of GDP that is also one of the lowest indicators. But according to traffic safety experts, the losses from accidents are greater than reported data. Nowadays there are a lot of methods to analyse and ensure road safety and traffic management on the roads. The authors believe that road safety is a complex societal problem not only in Uzbekistan but all over the world. One of these methods is System Dynamic (SD) and COMplex PRoblem hAndling Methodology (COMPRAM). In this work, the Vensim PLE SD software tool (it is one SD tool amongst many others) has been used to perform the SD modelling of the case study at hand. In the methods of system dynamics, a computer model is created using a graphical technique for constructing flow diagrams and causal relationships of the system under study and then simulated on a computer. COMPRAM allows us to figure out the way to handle complex societal problems while involving a System Dynamics (SD) simulation option. There are similarities between COMPRAM and the traditional way of analysing road safety. In traditional ways, each element or factor is studied as a separate phenomenon. These indicators are studied in the stages of COMPRAM. This article has been studied a different aspect of how road accidents happen. The developed a comparison (according to six criteria) of the different modelling paradigms which have been historically used to assess road safety. Also, the authors made a comparison of the COMPRAM methodology with the traditional road safety assessment approach to highlight similarities and differences.

scholarly journals Rapid continental spread of a salt-tolerant plant along the European road network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fekete ◽  
Gy. Haszonits ◽  
D. Schmidt ◽  
H. Bak ◽  
O. Vincze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Germination Experiment ◽  
Plantago Coronopus

AbstractThe spread of alien species with the expansion of road networks and increasing traffic is a well-known phenomenon globally. Besides their corridor effects, road maintenance practices, such as the use of de-icing salts during winter facilitate the spread of halophyte (salt tolerant) species along roads. A good example is Plantago coronopus, a mainly coastal halophyte which has started spreading inland from the Atlantic and Mediterranean coastal habitats, recently reaching even Central European countries (e.g. Hungary). Here we studied the spread of this halophyte and tried to identify factors explaining its successful dispersion along roads, while also comparing native and non-native roadside occurrences with regard to altitude of the localities, size of roadside populations and frequency of roadside occurrences. We completed a comprehensive literature review and collected more than 200 reports of occurrence from roadsides spanning a total of 38 years. During systematic sampling the frequency of the species along roads was significantly higher in the Mediterranean (native area), than along Hungarian (non-native area) roads, however the average number of individuals at the sampling localities were very similar, and no significant difference could be detected. Using a germination experiment, we demonstrate that although the species is able to germinate even at high salt concentrations, salt is not required for germination. Indeed salt significantly decreases germination probability of the seeds. The successful spread of the species could most likely be explained by its remarkably high seed production, or some special characteristics (e.g. seed dimorphism) and its ability to adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions. Considering the recent and rapid eastward spread of P. coronopus, occurrences in other countries where it has not been reported yet can be predicted in coming years.

scholarly journals Mathematical models as practical tool for road fatalities forecasts on road network in regions

2018 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 01018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Wachnicka
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
National Data ◽  
Local Characteristics ◽  
Practical Tool

The analysis of national data on the number of deaths showed that in Poland from 2010 to 2016 it was possible to reduce the number of fatalities by about 22%. The tendency of changes in the number of fatalities, however, is not homogeneous. When data of individual voivodships is analyzed, the situation is different. The largest reduction in fatalities in the analyzed period of time concerned voivodship Świętokrzyskie, where there was more than 45% drop in the number of fatalities. The following voivodships: Łódzkie, Lubelskie and Podkarpackie recorded a decrease in over 30% of fatalities. Unfortunately, at the end of the classification there were four voivodships with a fall below 8%, and what is disturbing voivodship Lubuskie recorded a nearly 5% increase in the number of fatalities. The current traffic safety management at the level of voivodships is often the implementation of central recommendations, which, as results from the analysis of statistical data, are not equally effective in every province. Therefore, models for forecasting changes in road safety are required. Taking into account local characteristics and implemented actions can be used to manage security more effectively at the regional level. This paper presents examples of the use of mathematical models to predict the number of fatalities in individual voivodships depending on the adopted action scenarios. Regression models were developed, taking into account demographic, infrastructural, economic and automotive factors. It turned out that in individual voivodships, various factors affect the level of road safety on roads differently. Therefore, an individual approach to each voivodship is important in order to reliably forecast the level of security.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION INTO TRAFFIC FLOWS ON HIGH INTENSITY STREETS OF VILNIUS CITY

Transport ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Žiliūtė ◽  
Alfredas Laurinavičius ◽  
Audrius Vaitkus
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Capital City ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Traffic Intensity ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
The Road ◽  
Maintenance Program ◽  
Road Research Laboratory

The measurements and analysis of traffic intensity were performed in the capital city – Vilnius, the largest urban area in Lithuania. Vilnius is a centre of business, industry and tourism, and therefore traffic intensity remains the highest in this part of the country. The intensity of vehicle traffic is not only generally calculated but also simultaneously classified which means is divided predefining vehicles into beforehand established categories. Data on traffic flows are used in a road maintenance program for calculating and assessing air pollution, ensuring traffic safety, regulating traffic flows etc. The article presents the methods for measuring traffic intensity which are and were used for calculating traffic intensity not only in the streets of Vilnius but also across Lithuania. Data on vehicle intensity and classification are collected either using technologies (loop and tube detectors, counters and video detectors) or expressing them visually. The article presents the dynamics of changes in the traffic volume on the roads of Lithuania for the period 2000–2009. Also, this article examines traffic intensity of all transport means, including trucks in the permanent traffic volume measuring stations that were installed near the roads in Vilnius zone (data on traffic for the period 2005–2009) and the streets of Vilnius city (data on traffic for the period 2007–2009). Data on traffic intensity were obtained by the Road Research Laboratory of the Road Department of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University in cooperation with the State Enterprise Transport and Road Research Institute (TRRI).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document