scholarly journals Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal as a Fishmeal Substitute in Juvenile Dusky Kob Diets: Effect on Feed Utilization, Growth Performance, and Blood Parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9460
Author(s):  
Molatelo Junior Madibana ◽  
Mulunda Mwanza ◽  
Brett Roderick Lewis ◽  
Chris Henri Fouché ◽  
Rashieda Toefy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
Quadratic Effects

Using black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFM) in place of fishmeal is an ingenious strategy for sustainable fish aquaculture. However, BSFM has not been evaluated for dusky kob (Argyrosomus japonicus), an economically important fish in South Africa. Therefore, this five-week study investigated the effect of partially replacing fishmeal with BSFM on feed utilization, growth performance, and blood parameters of juvenile dusky kob in a recirculating aquaculture system. Four diets were formulated by replacing fishmeal in a commercial dusky kob diet with BSFM at the rate of 0 (BSFM0), 50 (BSFM50), 100 (BSFM100), and 200 g/kg (BSFM200). Fish length and weights were measured weekly, while blood analyses were performed at the end of Week 5. For fish length and weight gain, there were neither linear nor quadratic responses in Weeks 1–4, while quadratic trends (y = 14.77 (± 0.19)−0.11 (± 0.05)x + 0.01 (± 0.00) x2; R2 = 0.35 and y = 49.85 (± 1.53)−1.22 (± 0.39)x + 0.06 (± 0.02) x2; R2 = 0.47, respectively) were observed in Week 5 in response to BSFM levels. Quadratic effects (y = 1.75 (± 0.15) + 0.10 (± 0.04)x − 0.01 (± 0.00) x2; R2 = 0.39) were also observed for feed conversion ratio (FCR) in response to BSFM inclusion levels. Fish fed BSFM200 had a similar overall FCR and specific growth rate as those reared on BSFM0. All blood parameters fell within the normal range for the dusky kob. We concluded that 20% dietary replacement of fishmeal with BSFM does not compromise feed utilization and growth performance of juvenile dusky kob.

scholarly journals Dietary Replacement with Food Waste and Black Soldier Fly Larvae Supplementation Improved Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Intestinal Microbial Population in Broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (06) ◽  
pp. 1197-1202
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al-Qazzaz
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Fly Larvae

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of conventional ingredients replacement with alternative ingredients on growth performance, carcass quality, nutrient digestibility and intestinal microbial of broilers. One hundred twenty Cobb500 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four diets. Corn, soybean meal and fish meal were replaced with rice waste, meat and bone waste and black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) at 0, 10, 30 and 50% to form four treatments. Body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and digestibility of crude protein and fat were improved in broilers fed the replacement diets. Feed intake was not affected by the treatments suggesting that the replacement diets were well accepted by the chicken. Escherichia coli was decreased in the cecum and Lactobacillus were increased in the intestines of broilers fed the replacement diets. The fiber and chitin contents in the replacement diets may alter intestinal bacterial fermentation leading to improved nutrient digestibility. However, abdominal fat percentage increased in broilers fed the replacement diets. In conclusion, conventional ingredients can be replaced with up to 50% rice waste, meat and bone waste and BSFL in the diets with promising effect on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal microbial populations. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal as Substitute of Fishmeal in Diets for Layer Chicks and Growers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6074
Author(s):  
Esther Khayanga Sumbule ◽  
Mary Kivali Ambula ◽  
Isaac Maina Osuga ◽  
Janice Ghemoh Changeh ◽  
David Miano Mwangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
The Impact

The acceptance of eco-friendly black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) as sustainable alternative protein ingredient in poultry feeds continues to gain momentum worldwide. This study evaluates the impact of BSFLM in layer chick and grower diets on the growth, carcass quality and economic returns. Mean weekly weight gain and total live weight per chick and grower varied significantly. The highest final weight gain was achieved when birds were provided diet with 25.6% BSFLM. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily weight gain (ADG) and overall weight gain of the chick varied significantly, except for the feed conversion ratio (FCR). For grower birds, ADFI, ADG, FCR and overall weight gain did not vary significantly across the various feeding regimes. The weight of the wings and drumsticks had a quadratic response with a maximum weight obtained at 33% inclusion of BSFLM. The weight of the internal organs were not significantly affected by dietary types. Positive cost–benefit ratio and return on investment was recorded for diet types with higher BSFLM inclusion levels (>75%). Diets with 25% and 100% BSFLM inclusion were the most suitable and cost-effective, respectively. Thus, BSFLM represents a promising alternative source of protein that could be sustainably used in the poultry industries.

scholarly journals PSIII-26 True nutrient and amino acid digestibility of black soldier fly larvae fed different forms and concentrations of calcium using the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 277-278
Author(s):  
Sungho Do ◽  
Elizabeth Koutsos ◽  
Kelly S Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Feed Withdrawal ◽  
Amino Acid Score ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Fly Larvae

Abstract Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) is an alternative protein source for animals, including dogs and cats. The larval diet may affect their nutrient composition and overall nutritional value. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) are common Ca sources, but differ in solubility (CaCO3 is insoluble; CaCl2 is soluble), so their intestinal absorption may differ. In addition, the Ca form and concentration may decrease mineral utilization and nitrogen digestibility, thereby affecting feed conversion efficiency. Our objective was to determine the effects of different forms and concentrations of Ca on true nutrient and amino acid (AA) digestibility of BSFL intended for use in animal feeds using the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay. All animal procedures were approved by the University of Illinois Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee prior to experimentation. 16 cecectomized roosters (4 roosters/substrate) were randomly assigned to test substrates. All contained 0.2% Ca in the commercial diet and additional Ca in these amounts and forms: BSFLA: 1.33% CaCl2; BSFLB: 1.0% CaCO3; BSFLC: 0.6% CaCO3; BSFLD: 0.5% CaCO3 + 0.7% CaCl2. After 24h of feed withdrawal, roosters were tube-fed 20g of test substrates. Following crop intubation, excreta was collected for 48h. Endogenous corrections for AA were made using 5 additional cecectomized roosters. All data were analyzed using SAS 9.4. True macronutrient and AA digestibilities were not different among substrates. Digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS)-like values were calculated to determine protein quality according to AAFCO and NRC recommended allowances for dogs and cats. Although AA digestibilities did not differ among groups, those containing CaCO3 generally had higher DIAAS-like values than the diet containing CaCl2 alone (BSFLA). Threonine, methionine, and arginine were often the first-limiting AA. Our results suggest that Ca source fed to BSFL did not affect AA digestibility and protein quality, despite affecting total calcium content of the BSFL.

scholarly journals Intestinal microbiota and functional characteristics of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens)

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Zhineng ◽  
Ma Ying ◽  
Tang Bingjie ◽  
Zeng Rouxian ◽  
Zhou Qiang
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Soybean Powder ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
Feed Utilization Efficiency

Abstract Purpose Black soldier fly transforms organic waste into insect protein and fat, which makes it valuable for ecological utilization. This process is associated with the intestinal microbiota. This research was developed to determine the type and functional characteristics of intestinal microbiota present in black soldier fly larvae. Methods In this research, metagenomics has been used to study black soldier fly larvae gut bacteria, which involves the high abundance of the gut microbe advantage bacterium group, the impact, and the physiological functions of the microbiota. Furthermore, intestinal bacteria and their related functions were investigated by bioinformatics analysis to evaluate potential microbial strains that may be used to improve feed utilization efficiency in factory farming. Result The results showed that black soldier fly larvae’s intestine contains more than 11,000 bacteria. The high relative abundance of group W (larvae fed with 75% wheat bran and 25% soybean powder) may promote feed utilization efficiency, whereas high relative abundance of group T microbiota (larvae fed with 75% wheat bran and 25% soybean powder supplemented with 1% tetracycline) may play an important role in black soldier fly larvae survival. Conclusion The gut bacteria in black soldier fly larvae were involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis and metabolism, translation, membrane transport, energy metabolism, cytoskeleton, extracellular structures, inorganic ion transport and metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and coenzyme transport physiological processes. The 35 significant differential microbes in group W may have a positive impact on feed utilization and physiological process.

scholarly journals Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal as a fish meal replacement in diets for 1 nursing common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raunak Jahan ◽  
Mohammad Monirul Hasan Tipu ◽  
Mohammad Mahfujul Haque ◽  
Md Abdus Salam
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Environmental Hazards ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
Fish Meal Replacement

Abstract Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) meal-based diet is an innovative strategy for sustainable 24 aquaculture. In the present study, black soldier fly larvae meal has shown a promising 25 alternative as a fish meal (FM) replacement in diets for common carp fry. Black soldier fly 26 larvae; a protein, fat and minerals containing non-pest insect, when used as fish feed ingredient 27 minimize feed cost, boost up fish production and tackle environmental hazards. Five feeds were 28 formulated where fish meal was replaced by BSF larvae for nursing of common carp fry. Feeds 29 were prepared by 100 (T1), 75 (T2), 50 (T3), 25 (T4) and 0% (T5) replacement of fish meal with 30 BSF larvae as a protein and minerals supplement. Among the feeds T3 performed better than 31 T1. Most of the common carp fry were healthy and robust in treatment T1 and T3 where %weight 32 gain was 417.70% and 427.95%, respectively. The lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) was also 33 obtained in treatment T1 (3.54) and T3 (3.42) whereas, higher FCR was found in T4. However, 34 at harvest, the highest fry production was obtained with T1 (3.10 tons/ha/60 days) where 100% 35 fish meal was replaced by BSF larvae. Therefore, 100% fish meal can be replaced by BSFL 36 easily to address the protein scarcity, adulteration and environmental hazards.

scholarly journals Intestinal Microbiota and Functional Characteristics of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia Illucens)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhineng Yuan ◽  
Ying Ma ◽  
Bingjie Tang ◽  
Rouxian Zeng ◽  
Qiang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Soybean Powder ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
Feed Utilization Efficiency

Abstract Purpose: Black soldier fly transforms organic waste into insect protein and fat, which makes it valuable to ecological utilization. This process is associated with intestinal microbiota. This research was developed to determine the type and functional characteristics of intestinal microbiota present in black soldier fly larvae.Methods: In this research, metagenomics has been used to study black soldier fly larvae gut bacteria, which involves the high abundance of the gut microbes advantage bacterium group, the impact, and physiological functions of the microbiota. Furthermore, intestinal bacteria and their related functions were investigated by bioinformatics analysis to evaluate potential the microbial strains that may be used to improve feed utilization efficiency in factory farming.Result: The results showed that black soldier fly larvae´ intestine contains more than 11,000 bacteria. High relative abundance of group W (larvae fed with 75% wheat bran and 25% soybean powder) may promote feed utilization efficiency, whereas high relative abundance of group T microbiota (larvae fed with 75% wheat bran and 25% soybean powder supplemented with 1% tetracycline) may play an important role in black soldier fly larvae survival.Conclusion: The gut bacteria in black soldier fly larvae were involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis and metabolism, translation, membrane transport, energy metabolism, cytoskeleton, extracellular structures, inorganic ion transport and metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and coenzyme transport physiological processes. The 35 significant differential microbes in group W may have a positive impact in feed utilization and physiological process.

Enrichment of polyunsaturated fatty acids in black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) fortified with squid liver oil

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
G. Tirtawijaya ◽  
J.-S. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Growth Increase ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Fly Larvae

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL; Hermetia illucens) are known as an alternative feed for livestock, but their lack of polyunsaturated fatty acids (such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) makes it less valuable. To overcome these problems, BSFL substrate (chicken feed) was fortified with squid liver oil (SLO) at five different concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20%). The growth rate, feed conversion, and nutritional content of BSFL were evaluated at day 15 of rearing. Of the five concentrations, SLO 5% showed the highest growth increase (25.82-fold) among the other treatments (20.63-22.98-fold; P<0.05). The fortification of SLO 5% did not result in differences in survival and feed conversion of larvae compared to larvae fed the control substrate. By rearing BSFL in a substrate containing SLO 5%, the lipid content of the larvae was 32% higher than that of larvae fed the control substrate (P<0.05). The accumulation of lipids was faster in the substrate containing SLO 5% (33.20% for 8 days) than in the control substrate (24.36% for 15 days). The control group of BSFL contained no DHA or EPA, but after rearing on the SLO 5% fortified substrate, the larvae contained DHA at an average level of 2.99 g/100 g lipid and EPA was 2.68 g/100 g lipid. Harvested larvae from SLO 5% treatment was within safe levels of Pb, Cd, As, and Hg (840, 370, 860, and 26.7 μg/kg, respectively), under the EU threshold for animal feed. Based on our results, it concluded that BSFL enriched with PUFAs, DHA and EPA can be considered as important nutritional components of animal feed without excessive heavy metals accumulation by feeding SLO in an appropriate amount.

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