Sound Water and Nitrogen Management Decreases Nitrogen Losses from a Drip-Fertigated Cotton Field in Northwestern China

Drip irrigation systems are becoming more and more mature and are now widely used to improve crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency in Xinjiang, NW China. However, it is not known if leaching is occurring or not and whether leaching will harm the water environment following N fertilization and drip irrigation. The purpose of our study was to estimate the leaching volumes, nitrogen losses, forms of nitrogen losses, and nitrogen loss coefficients under different N fertilization, P fertilization, K fertilization and irrigation regimes. A long-term field experiment was conducted from 2009 to 2015 in Baotou Lake farm in Korla City, Xinjiang, with drip-irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) being grown under different N fertilizer and irrigation regimes. The treatments were designed comprising 0 N, 0 P, and 0 K with an irrigation of 480 mm as the control(N0P0K0W480) and the following three other treatments: (1) 357 kg N·hm−2, 90 kg P·hm−2, 0 kg K2O hm−2, and irrigation of 480 mm (N357P90K0W480); (2) 357 kg N·hm−2, 90 kg P·hm−2, 62 kg K·hm−2, and irrigation of 420 mm (N357P90K62W420); and (3) 240 kg N·hm−2, 65 kg P·hm−2, 62 kg K·hm−2, and irrigation of 420 mm (N240P65K62W420). The results showed the following: (1) the leaching volume was determined by nitrogen fertilization, phosphorus fertilization, and the irrigation amount. In general, the leaching volume was highest under treatment N357P90K0W480. (2) The nitrogen loss was highest under treatment N357P90K0W480. (3) Nitrate nitrogen (NO3–) was the main form of nitrogen lost, followed by ammonium nitrogen (NH4+). (4) The annual nitrogen loss coefficients followed the order of: N357P90K0W480 > N357P90K62W420 > N240P65K62W420 > N0P0K0W480, with values of 0.85, 0.55, 0.30, and 0, respectively. The leaching volume, nitrogen loss, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and annual nitrogen loss coefficient were lowest under the N240P65K62W420 treatment, except in the N0P0K0W480treatment. These results demonstrate that optimizing the management of water and nitrogen (N240P65K62W420 treatment) can effectively reduce nitrogen losses under drip fertigation and plastic mulching.

Download Full-text

Towards to understanding the preliminary loss and absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus under different treatments in cotton drip- irrigation in northwest Xinjiang

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0249730 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. e0249730

Author(s):

Honghong Ma ◽

Shenghai Pu ◽

Pan Li ◽

Xinxiang Niu ◽

Xianglin Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drip Irrigation ◽

Nitrogen Loss ◽

Irrigation Treatment ◽

Nutrient Loss ◽

Cotton Field ◽

Nitrogen Application ◽

Plastic Mulch ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Total N ◽

Plastic Mulching

Drip irrigation under plastic mulch is widely used in Xinjiang, Northwest China. It can not only save water, but also reduce nutrient loss and improve fertilizer utilization. However, it is not clear whether the leaching occurs or not, what is the leaching amount? What is the relationship among fertilization, irrigation regimes, loss, cotton absorption, and cotton field under different fertilization and irrigation management under drip irrigation? Studying these issues not only provides reference for the formulation of fertilization and irrigation systems, but also is of great significance for reducing non-point source pollution. A long-term positioning experiment was conducted from 2009 to 2012 in Baotou Lake farm in Korla City, Xinjiang, with drip-irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under different N fertilizer and irrigation amounts. The treatments were designed comprising Control (CK,0 N, 0 P, and 0 K with an irrigation of 480 mm) and the following three other treatments: (1) Conventional fertilize and irrigation (CON, 357 kg N hm–2, 90 kg P hm–2, 0 kg K hm–2, and irrigation of 480 mm); (2) Conventional fertilization and Optimizing irrigation (OPT, 357 kg N hm–2, 90 kg P hm–2, 62 kg K hm–2, and irrigation of 420 mm); and (3) Optimizing fertilization and irrigation (OPTN, 240 kg N hm–2, 65 kg P hm–2, 62 kg K hm–2, and irrigation of 420 mm). The results found that the leaching would occur in arid area under drip irrigation. The loss of total N, NH4+, P, N and P loss coefficient was higher under conventional fertilize and irrigation treatment while the loss of NO3- was higher under conventional fertilization and optimizing irrigation treatment. The correlations among N, P absorption by cotton, loss of NH4+ and total phosphorus were quadratic function. The total nitrogen loss and cumulative nitrogen application was lineally correlated. The loss of NO3- and cumulative nitrogen application was exponential. The nitrogen and phosphorus absorption by cotton under conventional fertilization and optimizing irrigation treatment was 24.53% and 35.86% higher than that in conventional fertilize and irrigation treatment, respectively. The cotton yield under conventional fertilization and optimizing irrigation treatment obtained higher than that in other three treatments. Therefore, the conventional fertilization and optimizing irrigation treatment was the optimal management of water and fertilizer in our study. These results demonstrate that reasonable water, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilize could not only effectively promote the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus, but also reduce nitrogen and phosphorus losses under drip fertigation and plastic mulching.

Download Full-text

Effect of Aeration Rates on the Composting Process and Loss of Nitrogen during Composting

Applied Environmental Biotechnology ◽

10.26789/aeb.2015.01.003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Xiong Zhi-Qiang ◽

Wang Guo-Xing ◽

Huo Zhao-Chen ◽

Yan Lei ◽

Gao Ya-Mei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Biological Process ◽

Nitrate Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Loss ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Ammonium Nitrogen ◽

Aeration Rate ◽

Ammonia Emissions ◽

Ventilation Method

Composting is a controlled biological process used to stabilize and transform waste into a soil treatment. Aeration rate is one factor that controls the process of composting, as it ensures the growth of adequate aerobic microbe populations. To investigate the effect of aeration rates on the physicochemical indexes of compost and the loss of nitrogen content during composting, aerobic composting processes with different aeration rates (A: 0.2 L min-1 kg-1 TS, B: 0.05 L min-1 kg-1 TS and C: 0 L min-1 kg-1 TS) were studied. Ammonium-nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen and other factors in compost samples from different periods were measured. The results showed that aeration rate significantly affected O2 content under different conditions. The aeration rate also significantly affected water content, nitrate nitrogen, and nitrogen loss. NH3 emissions increased as aeration rates increased at high temperatures owing to nitrogen loss. These results showed that aeration rate had a significant effect on total nitrogen and ammonia emissions (p<0.05). Thus, optimization of the ventilation method could significantly increase seed germination rate.

Download Full-text

Controlled Irrigation and Drainage Reduce Rainfall Runoff and Nitrogen Loss in Paddy Fields

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18073348 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 3348

Author(s):

Yanmei Yu ◽

Junzeng Xu ◽

Pingcang Zhang ◽

Yan Meng ◽

Yujiang Xiong

Keyword(s):

Total Nitrogen ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Nitrate Nitrogen ◽

Southern China ◽

Nitrogen Loss ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Ammonium Nitrogen ◽

Paddy Fields ◽

Controlled Irrigation ◽

Traditional Irrigation

In southern China, the growing period of rice is synchronized with the rainy period, and the loss of nutrients (such as nitrogen) due to unreasonable irrigation and drainage, along with rainfall and runoff, has become the main source of agricultural nonpoint source pollution. The laws of runoff and nitrogen loss in paddy fields under different irrigation and drainage modes are not clear. In this study, field experiments were adopted to observe the runoff and nitrogen loss under typical rainfall and throughout the whole growth period. The results showed that, compared with the traditional irrigation and drainage mode, the controlled irrigation and drainage mode reduced the drainage of two typical rainfall processes by 47.5% and 31.3% and the peak drainage by 38.9% and 14.4%. Compared with those under the traditional irrigation and drainage mode, the average concentrations of total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen under the controlled irrigation and drainage mode were reduced by 22.2%, 22.7%, and 27.8%, respectively, during the whole rainfall process on July 21 and were decreased by 27.1%, 11.4%, and 25.6%, respectively, on August 25. In irrigated rice areas, under the controlled irrigation and drainage mode, drainage was reduced after two intercepts through paddy fields and drainage ditches. The nitrogen concentration in the drainage ditch decreased due to the increase in retention time and the effect of the ditch and field wetland. Compared with the traditional irrigation and drainage mode, the total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen loads of the controlled irrigation and drainage mode were reduced by 69.8%, 65.3%, and 69.7%, respectively.

Download Full-text

EFFECT OF DRIP IRRIGATION REGIMES AND FERTIGATION LEVELS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF MANGO CULTIVAR 'ALPHONSO' UNDER ULTRA HIGH DENSITY PLANTING

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2015.1066.17 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 147-150

Author(s):

K. Prakash ◽

R.M. Vijayakumar ◽

T.N. Balamohan ◽

S.D. Sundhar Singh

Keyword(s):

Drip Irrigation ◽

High Density ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Irrigation Regimes

Download Full-text

Field-scale distribution and heterogeneity of soil salinity in the mulched-drip-irrigation cotton field

Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science ◽

10.1080/03650340.2018.1562273 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 65 (9) ◽

pp. 1248-1261 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Xuguang Xing ◽

Wei Du ◽

Xiaoyi Ma

Keyword(s):

Soil Salinity ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Cotton Field ◽

Field Scale ◽

Mulched Drip Irrigation

Download Full-text

Microbiological properties and oxidizable organic carbon fractions of an oxisol under coffee with split phosphorus applications and irrigation regimes

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832013000100006 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 55-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Adriana Rodolfo da Costa ◽

Juliana Hiromi Sato ◽

Maria Lucrécia Gerosa Ramos ◽

Cícero Célio de Figueiredo ◽

Géssica Pereira de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Acid Phosphatase ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽

Block Design ◽

Phosphorus Fertilization ◽

Carbon Fractions ◽

Irrigation Regimes ◽

Organic Carbon Fractions

Phosphorus fertilization and irrigation increase coffee production, but little is known about the effect of these practices on soil organic matter and soil microbiota in the Cerrado. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological and oxidizable organic carbon fractions of a dystrophic Red Latossol under coffee and split phosphorus (P) applications and different irrigation regimes. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design in a 3 x 2 factorial design with three split P applications (P1: 300 kg ha-1 P2O5, recommended for the crop year, of which two thirds were applied in September and the third part in December; P2: 600 kg ha-1 P2O5, applied at planting and then every two years, and P3: 1,800 kg ha-1 P2O5, the requirement for six years, applied at once at planting), two irrigation regimes (rainfed and year-round irrigation), with three replications. The layers 0-5 and 5-10 cm were sampled to determine microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal respiration (BR), enzyme activity of acid phosphatase, the oxidizable organic carbon fractions (F1, F2, F3, and F4), and total organic carbon (TOC). The irrigation regimes increased the levels of MBC, microbial activity and acid phosphatase, TOC and oxidizable fractions of soil organic matter under coffee. In general, the form of dividing P had little influence on the soil microbial properties and OC. Only P3 under irrigation increased the levels of MBC and acid phosphatase activity.

Download Full-text

Growth, Seed Yield, Protein Content and Water Use Efficiency of Fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum – graceum L.) as Influenced by Drip Irrigation Regimes and Fertigation Levels

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ◽

10.20546/ijcmas.2018.708.112 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (08) ◽

pp. 997-1003 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Komal Kanwar ◽

C.B. Harisha ◽

Ravindra Singh ◽

Aadit yendra

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Protein Content ◽

Water Use ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Irrigation Regimes ◽

Use Efficiency

Download Full-text

Observations on the mobilization of peat nitrogen in incubation experiments

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.71496 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 268-281

Author(s):

Jaakko Kivekäs ◽

Erkki Kivinen

Keyword(s):

Nitrate Nitrogen ◽

Ammonium Nitrogen ◽

The Other ◽

Incubation Experiments ◽

Different Types ◽

Working Out ◽

Original Amount

60 peat samples from northern Finland representing different types of peat were incubated in a laboratory at a temperature of 17—18° C. The ammonium nitrogen, the nitrate nitrogen and the pH in the samples were determined after one month of incubation as well as after three months of incubation. The results were compared to results from determinations made before incubation. An attempt was made to elucidate the factors that influence the mobilization of nitrogen. On the basis of the above results it is evident that the differences between the various peat types as mobilizers of nitrogen are under these circumstances not very distinct, nor do these differences seem to be dependent on the types of peat. The following facts can, however, be established: In the amounts of ammonium nitrogen an increase takes place in most groups of samples during the first month. This increase is fairly big in the Sphagnum-dominated peats. The increase in ammonium nitrogen continues in the unlimed samples in most peat groups during all three months of incubation. After three months of incubation the amount of ammonium nitrogen in the limed samples is smaller than in the unlimed samples, although it is usually bigger than in the original samples. After the first month of incubation the amounts of nitrate nitrogen in all types of peat have decreased compared to the amounts in the original samples. In the limed samples the decrease is not as great as in the unlimed ones. After three months of incubation the amount of nitrate nitrogen has considerably increased as compared to the amount after one month of incubation. In the limed samples it might to some extent exceed the original amount of nitrate nitrogen, however, this is seldom the case in the unlimed samples. If the results are calculated on the basis of weight unit, it can be stated that the ability to mobilize nitrogen is greater in the Sphagnum peats than in the other peat groups. Working out the results in kg per ha it will be noted that somewhat more nitrogen is mobilized in the Carex-dominated than in the Sphagnum-dominated peats. The results obtained by experiments in the laboratory are not directly applicable to conditions in the field.

Download Full-text