scholarly journals Energy Logistics Cost Study for Wireless Charging Transportation Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5986
Author(s):  
Correa Diego ◽  
Gil Jakub ◽  
Moyano Christian
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Wireless Charging ◽  
Cost Study ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Bus Service ◽  
The Cost

Many cities around the world encourage the transition to battery-powered vehicles to minimize the carbon footprint of the transportation sector. Deploying large-scale wireless charging infrastructures to charge electric transit buses when loading and unloading passengers have become an effective way to reduce emissions. The standard plug-in electric vehicles have a limited amount of power stored in the battery, resulting in frequent stops to refill the energy. Optimal siting of wireless charging bus stops is essential to reducing these inconveniences and enhancing the sustainability performance of a wireless charging bus fleet. Wireless charging is an innovation of transmitting power through electromagnetic induction to portable electrical devices for energy renewal. Online Electric Vehicle (OLEV) is a new technology that allows the vehicle to be charged while it is in motion, thus removing the need to stop at a charging station. Developed by the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), OLEV picks up electricity from power transmitters buried underground. This paper aims to investigate the cost of the energy logistics for the three types of wireless charging networks: stationary wireless charging (SWC), quasi-dynamic wireless charging (QWC), and dynamic wireless charging (DWC), deployed at stops and size of battery capacity for electric buses, using OLEV technology for a bus service transit in the borough of Manhattan (MN) in New York City (NYC).

scholarly journals Graphene: A new technology for agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e56610212827
Author(s):  
André May ◽  
Luciana Fontes Coelho ◽  
Evandro Henrique Figueiredo Moura da Silva ◽  
Ronaldo da Silva Viana ◽  
Nilson Aparecido Vieira Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Contaminant Removal ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
The Cost

This article presents a review on the use of graphene in various segments, elucidating that this product can be used in various industrial sectors. These include mainly agriculture (as in large crops of high relevance, such as coffee), the food industry and the environment, as a plant growth stimulator and in fertilizers, nanoencapsulation and smart-release systems, antifungal and antibacterial agents, smart packaging, water treatment and ultrafiltration, contaminant removal, pesticide and insecticide quantitation, detection systems and precision agriculture. However, some challenges can be overcome before the graphene-based nanoparticle is used on a large scale. In this way, before using the product in the environment, it is necessary to determine whether the technology is safe for the soil-plant system and consumers. Furthermore, the cost of its use can also be a limiting factor depending on the level applied. Therefore, this review proposes to examine the diverse literature to explain the effects of the use of graphene in agriculture, plants and soil microorganisms. Accordingly, this article discusses and presents the possibilities of application of graphene in agriculture, plants and soil microorganisms.

Digital health - Hope, Hype, and Halt (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra Pratap Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Health Conferences ◽  
The Cost

UNSTRUCTURED Over the past 40 years, the healthcare community has been repeatedly excited by the hope of providing better care through the effective adoption of the technology. In the hope that digital health is going to be the game changer, an aura of hype has been created amongst the stakeholders of healthcare industry. However, digital health is yet to witness a large-scale adoption that could match the hope created about its utility. There does not exist an example where digital health has successfully transformed the health system of a geography and has demonstrated a net positive return on the initial investment. Owing to the lack of a positive business case, the initiatives pertaining to digital health are losing steam. Corporates are shutting down digital health labs, staunching investments in digital health, digital health conferences are consolidating, and governments are re-evaluating the funding regimes for such initiatives. For the technology to be able to create desired impact in this sector, the principle stakeholders namely governments, hospitals, insurers, tech developers, medical professionals, and patients need to participate equitably. The resources need to be focused on high impact areas like epidemiology surveys, legal and regulatory frameworks, geriatric care, and human resources training. For a new technology to thrive, the industry competitors and governments must work in unison to develop solutions that are pragmatic, solves the problems, reduce the cost of care delivery, and are sustainable in the long-term. Digital health is not dead, but it is in a stage where its revival will be an up-hill task.

scholarly journals Design of an Aftermarket Hybridization Kit: Reducing Costs and Emissions Considering a Local Driving Cycle

Vehicles ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jony Javorski Eckert ◽  
Fabio Mazzariol Santiciolli ◽  
Ludmila Corrêa de Alkmin e Silva ◽  
Fernanda Cristina Corrêa ◽  
Franco Giuseppe Dedini
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Power Split ◽  
Driving Scenario ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
The Cost

For decades, drivers and fleet managers have been impacted by the instability of fuel prices, the need to save resources and the duty to meet and attain environmental regulations and certifications. Aiming to increase performance and efficiency and reduce emissions and mileage costs, plug-in electric vehicles (PHEVs) have been pointed out as a viable option, but there are gaps related to tools that could improve the numerous existing conventional vehicles. This study presents the design of an aftermarket hybridization kit that converts a vehicle originally driven by a combustion engine into a PHEV. To achieve this goal, an optimization was conducted with the objective of decreasing the cost (regarding fuel consumption and battery charging) to perform a local driving cycle, while attenuating the tailpipe emissions and reducing the battery mass. The torque curves of the electric motors, the battery capacity, the parameters for a gear shifting strategy and the parameters for a power split control were the design variables in the optimization process. This study used the Campinas driving cycle, which was experimentally obtained in a real-world driving scenario. The use of a local driving cycle to tune the design variables of an aftermarket optimization kit is important to achieve a customized product according to the selling location. Among the optimum solutions, the best trade-off configuration was able to decrease the mileage cost in 22.55%, and reduce the tailpipe emissions by 28.4% CO, 33.55% NOx and 19.11% HC, with the addition of a 137 kg battery.

scholarly journals A Node-Charge Graph-Based Online Carshare Rebalancing Policy with Capacitated Electric Charging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodoros P. Pantelidis ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Tai-Yu Ma ◽  
Joseph Y. J. Chow ◽  
Saif Eddin G. Jabari
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Cost Function ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Feasible Solutions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Flow Conservation ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
Station Location

Viability of electric car-sharing operations depends on rebalancing algorithms. Earlier methods in the literature suggest a trend toward nonmyopic algorithms using queueing principles. We propose a new rebalancing policy using cost function approximation. The cost function is modeled as a p-median relocation problem with minimum cost flow conservation and path-based charging station capacities on a static node-charge graph structure. The cost function is NP complete, so a heuristic is proposed that ensures feasible solutions that can be solved in an online system. The algorithm is validated in a case study of electric carshare in Brooklyn, New York, with demand data shared from BMW ReachNow operations in September 2017 (262 vehicle fleet, 231 pickups per day, and 303 traffic analysis zones) and charging station location data (18 charging stations with four-port capacities). The proposed nonmyopic rebalancing heuristic reduces the cost increase compared with myopic rebalancing by 38%. Other managerial insights are further discussed.

scholarly journals Optimization and Coordination of Electric Vehicle Charging Process for Long-Distance Trips

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 4054
Author(s):  
Jean Hassler ◽  
Zlatina Dimitrova ◽  
Marc Petit ◽  
Philippe Dessante
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Vehicle To Infrastructure ◽  
Charging Stations

Battery electric vehicles offer many advantages in terms of performance and zero-emission pollutants, but their limited range for long-distance trips compromises their large-scale market penetration. The problem of range can be solved with a dense network of fast-charging stations and an increase in embedded battery capacity. Simultaneously, improvements in high-power charging point units offer range gains of hundreds of kilometers in a mere 20 min. One risk remains: The travel time depends on the availability of charging stations, which can drop during rush hours, due to long queues, or power grid constraints. These situations could significantly affect the user experience. In this paper, we presented an approach to coordinate EV charging station choices in the case of long-distance trips. This system relies on vehicle-to-infrastructure communications (V2X). The objective is to enhance the use of the infrastructure by improving the distribution of vehicles between the different charging stations, thus reducing waiting time. Our target is to build an efficient and easily deployable system. The performance of this system is compared to an uncoordinated situation and an offline optimization. We conducted a case study on a 550-km highway with heavy traffic. With this system, the results showed a 10% reduction in time spent in charging stations.

scholarly journals Strategies for Implementing Public Service Electric Bus Lines by Charging Type in Daegu Metropolitan City, South Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan-Bi Bak ◽  
Jae-Seok Bak ◽  
Sung-Yul Kim
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Operating Environment ◽  
Electric Bus ◽  
Operating Environments ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Reduce Emissions

The large-scale adoption of electric vehicles in the public sector is essential for achieving emission reduction targets for transportation. In particular, the replacement of buses with internal combustion engines, which travel long distances and produce massive greenhouse gas emissions, by their electric counterparts can drastically reduce emissions. A variety of electric buses with different power supply systems are currently available, and their performance, charging type, battery capacity, and operating environment are related parameters that must be addressed for their successful and massive adoption. For instance, the appropriate charging type of electric buses depends on conditions, such as the operating environment. In this study, we determined the optimum capacity of electric bus batteries by considering the electric bus range, battery depth of discharge, and deterioration cost while using ADVISOR, which is a MATLAB-based electric vehicle simulator. In addition, we assessed the energy consumed and charging time according to the operating environments of electric buses. Finally, an economic efficiency analysis allowed for determining the appropriated charging type for electric buses. By integrating these data and analyses, we propose a comprehensive plan for selecting the most appropriate charging type according to the operating environment of these electric vehicles. We expect that the proposed plan will contribute to the adoption of electric buses and achieve the greenhouse gas reduction targets set by South Korea.

The New York Adequacy Study: "Determining the Cost of Providing All Children in New York an Adequate Education": Volume 1: Final Report

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay G. Chambers ◽  
Thomas B. Parrish ◽  
Jesse D. Levin ◽  
James R. Smith ◽  
James W. Guthrie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Adequate Education ◽  
The Cost

Cost- und Monitoring-Projekt: Zwei neue forstliche Meinungsumfragen im Vergleich | The Cost- and Monitoring-Projects: A Comparison of Two New Forestry Opinion Polls

2000 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Wild-Eck ◽  
Willi Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Forest Economics ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Swiss Confederation ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Opinion Polls

Two large-scale surveys looking at attitudes towards forests, forestry and forest policy in the second half ofthe nineties have been carried out. This work was done on behalf of the Swiss Confederation by the Chair of Forest Policy and Forest Economics of the Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich. Not only did the two studies use very different methods, but the results also varied greatly as far as infrastructure and basic conditions were concerned. One of the main differences between the two studies was the fact that the first dealt only with mountainous areas, whereas the second was carried out on the whole Swiss population. The results of the studies reflect these differences:each produced its own specific findings. Where the same (or similar) questions were asked, the answers highlight not only how the attitudes of those questioned differ, but also views that they hold in common. Both surveys showed positive attitudes towards forests in general, as well as a deep-seated appreciation ofthe forest as a recreational area, and a positive approach to tending. Detailed results of the two surveys will be available in the near future.

Waste minimization program in Shuaiba Industrial Area

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 289-295
Author(s):  
Saleh Al-Muzaini
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Waste Minimization ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Eastern Sector ◽  
Western Sector ◽  
Petroleum Companies ◽  
The Cost

The Shuaiba Industrial Area (SIA) is located about 50 km south of Kuwait City. It accommodates most of the large-scale industries in Kuwait. The total area of the SIA (both eastern and western sectors) is about 22.98 million m2. Fifteen plants are located in the eastern sector and 23 in the western sector, including two petrochemical companies, three refineries, two power plants, a melamine company, an industrial gas corporation, a paper products company and, two steam electricity generating stations, in addition to several other industries. Therefore, only 30 percent of the land in the SIA's eastern sector and 70 percent of land in the SIA's western sector is available for future expansion. Presently, industries in the SIA generate approximately 204,000 t of solid waste. With future development in the industries in the SIA, the estimated quantities will reach 240,000 t. The Shuaiba Area Authority (SAA), a governmental regulatory body responsible for planning and development in the SIA, has recognized the problem of solid waste and has developed an industrial waste minimization program. This program would help to reduce the quantity of waste generated within the SIA and thereby reduce the cost of waste management. This paper presents a description of the waste minimization program and how it is to be implemented by major petroleum companies. The protocols employed in the waste minimization program are detailed.

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