scholarly journals Influence of Light Intensity and Photoperiod on the Photoautotrophic Growth and Lipid Content of the Microalgae Verrucodesmus verrucosus in a Photobioreactor

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6606
Author(s):  
Laura Vélez-Landa ◽  
Héctor Ricardo Hernández-De León ◽  
Yolanda Del Carmen Pérez-Luna ◽  
Sabino Velázquez-Trujillo ◽  
Joel Moreira-Acosta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Bg11 Medium ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy

Microalgal biomass has the capacity to accumulate relatively large quantities of triacylglycerides (TAG) for the conversion of methyl esters of fatty acids (FAME) which has made microalgae a desirable alternative for the production of biofuels. In the present work Verrucodesmus verrucosus was evaluated under autotrophic growth conditions as a suitable source of oil for biodiesel production. For this purpose BG11 media were evaluated in three different light:dark photoperiods (L:D; 16:08; 12:12; 24:0) and light intensities (1000, 2000 and 3000 Lux) in a photobioreactor with a capacity of three liters; the evaluation of the microalgal biomass was carried out through the cell count with the use of the Neubauer chamber followed by the evaluation of the kinetic growth parameters. So, the lipid accumulation was determined through the lipid extraction with a Soxhlet system. Finally, the fatty acid profile of the total pooled lipids was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The results demonstrate that the best conditions are a photoperiod of 12 light hours and 12 dark hours with BG11 medium in a 3 L tubular photobioreactor with 0.3% CO2, 25 °C and 2000 Lux, allowing a lipid accumulation of 50.42%. Palmitic acid is identified as the most abundant fatty acid at 44.90%.

scholarly journals Determination of Microalgal Lipid Content and Fatty Acid for Biofuel Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhipeng Chen ◽  
Lingfeng Wang ◽  
Shuang Qiu ◽  
Shijian Ge
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Biofuels produced from microalgal biomass have received growing worldwide recognition as promising alternatives to conventional petroleum-derived fuels. Among the processes involved, the downstream refinement process for the extraction of lipids from biomass greatly influences the sustainability and efficiency of the entire biofuel system. This review summarizes and compares the current techniques for the extraction and measurement of microalgal lipids, including the gravimetric methods using organic solvents, CO2-based solvents, ionic liquids and switchable solvents, Nile red lipid visualization method, sulfo-phospho-vanillin method, and the thin-layer chromatography method. Each method has its own competitive advantages and disadvantages. For example, the organic solvents-based gravimetric method is mostly used and frequently employed as a reference standard to validate other methods, but it requires large amounts of samples and is time-consuming and expensive to recover solvents also with low selectivity towards desired products. The pretreatment approaches which aimed to disrupt cells and support subsequent lipid extraction through bead beating, microwave, ultrasonication, chemical methods, and enzymatic disruption are also introduced. Moreover, the principles and procedures for the production and quantification of fatty acids are finally described in detail, involving the preparation of fatty acid methyl esters and their quantification and composition analysis by gas chromatography.

scholarly journals Physical Methods of Microalgal Biomass Pretreatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Piasecka ◽  
Izabela Krzemińska ◽  
Jerzy Tys
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Physical Method ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biomass Pretreatment ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Wet Biomass ◽  
Microwave Techniques

Abstract The prospect of depletion of natural energy resources on the Earth forces researchers to seek and explore new and alternative energy sources. Biomass is a composite resource that can be used in many ways leading to diversity of products. Therefore, microalgal biomass offers great potential. The main aim of this study is to find the best physical method of microalgal biomass pretreatment that guarantees efficient lipid extraction. These studies identifies biochemical composition of microalgal biomass as source for biodisel production. The influence of drying at different temperatures and lyophilization was investigated. In addition, wet and untreated biomass was examined. Cell disruption (sonication and microwave) techniques were used to improve lipid extraction from wet biomass. Additionally, two different extraction methods were carried out to select the best method of crude oil extraction. The results of this study show that wet biomass after sonication is the most suitable for extraction. The fatty acid composition of microalgal biomass includes linoleic acid (C18:2), palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linolenic acid (C18:3), and stearic acid (C18:0), which play a key role in biodiesel production.

scholarly journals An Integrated Methodology towards Mitigation of Global Warming and Biomass Production for Biodiesel using Chlorella sorokiniana BTA 9031

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 3054-3058
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Chlorella Sorokiniana ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Microalgal Cultivation

The rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 )concentration as well as depletion of fossil fuel reserves calls for the development of clean and ecofriendly alternative fuel source. Recently, lipid rich microalgal biomass is being extensively studied for generation of biodiesel however, the expensesincurred on production of microalgal biomassis a significant hurdle. Almost 80 % of the production costis generated from the cultivation medium which majorly comprise of carbon, nitrogen and phosphate. If the microalgal cultivation could be linked to a CO2 capturing unit than the cost of production could be reduced to a large extent. CO2 absorption by means of aqueous amine solvents is known to be a mature technology and could be integrated with microalgal cultivation unit for efficient utilization of the captured CO2 . In this present research work, blended solution of piperazine (PZ) and2-amino2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) (5/25 wt. %) was used to capture CO2 and then the captured CO2 was utilized as an inorganic carbon stream for growing Chlorella sorokiniana BTA 9031 for biodiesel production. The CO2rate absorption was governed by series of process variablesviz.solvent flow rate ranges (1.5 to 3) ×10⁻4 m 3 min-1 , absorption temperature (298 to 313) K,concentration of CO2 (10 to 15) kPa and gas flow rate(5 to 8) ×10⁻3 m 3 min-1 . The detected final biomass strengthofChlorella sorokiniana BTA 9031 was0.955g L-1 . The fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) determinedsubsequentlyacid transesterification was observed to contain fatty acids suitable for biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Lipid accumulation of Chlorella sp. TLD6B from the Taklimakan Desert under salt stress

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11525
Author(s):  
Hong Li ◽  
Jun Tan ◽  
Yun Mu ◽  
Jianfeng Gao
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Taklimakan Desert ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis

Chlorella has become an important raw material for biodiesel production in recent years, and Chlorella sp. TLD6B, a species with high lipid concentrations and high salt and drought tolerance, has been cultivated on a large scale. To explore the lipid accumulation of Chlorella sp. TLD6B and its relationship to external NaCl concentrations, we performed physiological measurements and genome-wide gene expression profiling under different levels of salt stress. Chlorella sp. TLD6B was able to tolerate high levels of salt stress (0.8 M NaCl addition). Lipid concentrations initially increased and then decreased as salt stress increased and were highest under the addition of 0.2 M NaCl. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed that salt stress enhanced the expression of genes related to sugar metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis (the ACCases BC and BCCP, KAS II, and GPDHs involved in TAG synthesis), thereby promoting lipid accumulation under the addition of 0.2 M NaCl. However, high salinity inhibited cell growth. Expression of three SADs, whose encoded products function in unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, was up-regulated under high salinity (0.8 M NaCl addition). This research clarifies the relationship between salt tolerance and lipid accumulation and promotes the utilization of Chlorella sp. TLD6B.

scholarly journals Trends in Widely Used Catalysts for Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) Production: A Review

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1085
Author(s):  
Shafaq Nisar ◽  
Muhammad Asif Hanif ◽  
Umer Rashid ◽  
Asma Hanif ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Acid Methyl

The effective transesterification process to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) requires the use of low-cost, less corrosive, environmentally friendly and effective catalysts. Currently, worldwide biodiesel production revolves around the use of alkaline and acidic catalysts employed in heterogeneous and homogeneous phases. Homogeneous catalysts (soluble catalysts) for FAME production have been widespread for a while, but solid catalysts (heterogeneous catalysts) are a newer development for FAME production. The rate of reaction is much increased when homogeneous basic catalysts are used, but the main drawback is the cost of the process which arises due to the separation of catalysts from the reaction media after product formation. A promising field for catalytic biodiesel production is the use of heteropoly acids (HPAs) and polyoxometalate compounds. The flexibility of their structures and super acidic properties can be enhanced by incorporation of polyoxometalate anions into the complex proton acids. This pseudo liquid phase makes it possible for nearly all mobile protons to take part in the catalysis process. Carbonaceous materials which are obtained after sulfonation show promising catalytic activity towards the transesterification process. Another promising heterogeneous acid catalyst used for FAME production is vanadium phosphate. Furthermore, biocatalysts are receiving attention for large-scale FAME production in which lipase is the most common one used successfully This review critically describes the most important homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts used in the current FAME production, with future directions for their use.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil by Transesterification Using a Co-solvent of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1013-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanh Ngoc Thi Le ◽  
Kiyoshi Imamura ◽  
Norie Watanabe ◽  
Masakazu Furuta ◽  
Norimichi Takenaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Acid Methyl

scholarly journals Chemical, Nutritional and Antioxidant Characteristics of Different Food Seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lacrimioara Senila ◽  
Emilia Neag ◽  
Oana Cadar ◽  
Melinda Haydee Kovacs ◽  
Anca Becze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Hemp Seed ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Characteristics

The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition of five different food seeds (sunflower, poppy, hemp, flax and sesame) regarding fatty acid, mineral (Fe, Cu, Zn, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Al) and protein content. In addition, the total antioxidant capacity of the seeds was evaluated using the photochemiluminescent assay. The food seeds were subjected to lipid extraction and converted into fatty acid methyl esters before the gas chromatography analysis. In all food seeds, the saturated (SFAs), monounsaturated (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were identified, respectively. PUFAs were the most abundant fatty acids (61.2% ± 0.07% and 84.8% ± 0.08% of total fatty acids), with the highest content in flax and hemp seed oil. Also, high amounts of omega-3 from PUFAs were determined in flax and hempseed oil. Based on the obtained results the sunflower, sesame and poppy seeds are good sources of omega-6, while flax and hemp seeds are good sources of omega-3. All samples are rich in minerals (Na, K, Ca, Mg) and have more than 20% protein content.

Direct Methanolysis of Oleaginous Yeast Biomass (Pseudozyma parantarctica) to Microbial Biodiesel

2017 ◽  
Vol 753 ◽  
pp. 259-263
Author(s):  
Atsdawut Areesirisuk ◽  
Chiu Hsia Chiu ◽  
Tsair Bor Yen ◽  
Jia Hsin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Oleaginous Yeast ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Intracellular Lipids ◽  
Yeast Biomass ◽  
Cellular Lipids ◽  
Astm D6751

In this study, intracellular lipids of a novel oleaginous biomass of P. parantarctica were converted to biodiesel directly using simple acid catalyst methanolysis. The optimum condition of this method was investigated. Under optimum conditions (0.1 M H2SO4, 10 h reaction time, 65°C reaction temperature, and 1:20 (w/v) biomass-to-methanol ratio), the yield of crude biodiesel was 93.18 ± 2.09% based on total cellular lipids. The composition of crude biodiesel was C16:C18 fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) for 91.91%. Especially, the C18:1 methyl ester was the main FAME (47.10%). In addition, the result showed that this technique could produce the microbial biodiesel from biomass containing high free fatty acids (FFAs) without soap formation. The predicted cetane number and kinematic viscosity of biodiesel were characterized according to ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. Our results indicated that this process produces a good quality biodiesel. Moreover, it can decrease the manufacturing costs of microbial biodiesel production from oleaginous yeast biomass without cell disruption and lipid extraction.

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