scholarly journals Influence of the Population Density of Cities on Energy Consumption of Their Households

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7542
Author(s):  
Pedro J. Zarco-Periñán ◽  
Irene M. Zarco-Soto ◽  
Fco. Javier Zarco-Soto
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Energy Planning ◽  
Saving Energy ◽  
Government Decision ◽  
Thermal Origin ◽  
The City

36% of the energy consumed and 40% of emissions are due to buildings in the residential and tertiary sectors. These antecedents have forced governments to focus on saving energy and reducing emissions in this sector. To help government decision-making and facilitate energy planning for utilities, this work analyzes the energy consumption that occurs in city buildings. The information used to carry it out is publicly accessible. The study is carried out from the point of view of the population density of the cities, and these are analyzed individually. Furthermore, the area actually occupied by the city has been considered. The results are studied by inhabitant and household. The proposed method has been applied to the case of Spanish cities with more than 50,000 inhabitants. The results show that the higher the population density, the higher the energy consumption. This occurs both per inhabitant and per household. Furthermore, the consumption of electrical energy is inelastic, which is not the case with the consumption of thermal origin.

scholarly journals Influence of Population Density on CO2 Emissions Eliminating the Influence of Climate

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1193
Author(s):  
Pedro J. Zarco-Periñán ◽  
Irene M. Zarco-Soto ◽  
Fco. Javier Zarco-Soto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Thermal Origin ◽  
Extreme Groups ◽  
The City

More than 50% of the world’s population lives in cities. Its buildings consume more than a third of the energy and generate 40% of the emissions. This makes cities in general and their buildings in particular priority points of attention for policymakers and utilities. This paper uses population density as a variable to know its influence on energy consumption and emissions produced in buildings. Furthermore, to show its effect more clearly, the influence of the climate was eliminated. The usual energy consumption in buildings is thermal and electrical. The study was carried out at the city level, both per inhabitant and per household. The area actually occupied by the city was considered. The proposed method was applied to the case of Spanish cities with more than 50,000 inhabitants. The results show that the higher the population density, the higher the energy consumption per inhabitant and household in buildings. The consumption of thermal energy is elastic, while that of electrical energy is inelastic, varying more than 100% between extreme groups. Regarding CO2 emissions, the higher the population density, the higher the emissions. Emissions of electrical origin barely vary by 2% and are greater than those of thermal origin. In addition, the proportion of emissions of electrical origin, with respect to the total, decreases with increasing population density from 74% to 55%. This research aims to help policymakers and utilities to take the appropriate measures that favor the use of renewable energies and reduce CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals A new clustering and visualization method to evaluate urban energy planning scenarios

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Torabi Moghadam ◽  
Silvia Coccolo ◽  
Guglielmina Mutani ◽  
Patrizia Lombardi ◽  
Jean Louis Scartezzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Energy Planning ◽  
Transition Strategies ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
The City

The spatial visualization is a very useful tool to help decision-makers in the urban planning process to create future energy transition strategies, implementing energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies in the context of sustainable cities. Statistical methods are often used to understand the driving parameters of energy consumption but rarely used to evaluate future urban renovation scenarios. Simulating whole cities using energy demand softwares can be very extensive in terms of computer resources and data collection. A new methodology, using city archetypes is proposed, here, to simulate the energy consumption of urban areas including urban energy planning scenarios. The objective of this paper is to present an innovative solution for the computation and visualization of energy saving at the city scale.The energy demand of cities, as well as the micro-climatic conditions, are calculated by using a simplified 3D model designed as function of the city urban geometrical and physical characteristics. Data are extracted from a GIS database that was used in a previous study. In this paper, we showed how the number of buildings to be simulated can be drastically reduced without affecting the accuracy of the results. This model is then used to evaluate the influence of two set of renovation solutions. The energy consumption are then integrated back in the GIS to identify the areas in the city where refurbishment works are needed more rapidly. The city of Settimo Torinese (Italy) is used as a demonstrator for the proposed methodology, which can be applied to all cities worldwide with limited amount of information.

Research on Economics and Traffic Survey City Area

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 1586-1589
Author(s):  
Xiong Ying Ye ◽  
Jin Bo Song
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Government Decision ◽  
Traffic Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Further Development

With the deepening of the market economy, personnel flow, logistics, information flow, capital flow and other factors flow on the importance of economic development more and more intuitive, traffic more and more reflect the high-speed operation of the society, the traffic impact on the economic development to a certain extent, also reflects the economic development of a region. Economic development depends on the traffic is also growing. In almost every city in the country are faced with the same social hot spots, especially in the further development of the city, it is more and more obvious, to resolve this contradiction is not a department or a personal wish, but the urgent demand of the whole society in the process of constructing. Based on the basic situation of Nanchang city traffic as a model of the basic analysis, put forward the solution, can provide reference for government decision-making.

scholarly journals Influence of Population Income on Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions in Buildings of Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10230
Author(s):  
Irene M. Zarco-Soto ◽  
Fco. Javier Zarco-Soto ◽  
Pedro J. Zarco-Periñán
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Thermal Origin ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption

More than half of the world’s population lives in cities. A large part of the emissions and energy consumption corresponds to buildings, both in the residential sector and in the service sector. This means that a large part of the measures taken by governments to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions are focused on this sector. With this background, this paper studies energy consumption in city buildings and the CO2 emissions they produce. It only makes use of publicly available data. The analysis is made from the point of view of income per inhabitant, and the results are obtained per inhabitant and household. To facilitate the analysis of the results, an index has been defined. The main contributions of this work are to analyze energy consumption and emissions due to buildings, study them from the point of view of the income of their inhabitants, and consider cities individually. The proposed methodology has been applied to the case of Spain. A total of 145 Spanish cities that have more than 50,000 inhabitants have been studied. The results show that the higher the income, the higher the consumption and emissions. Electricity consumptions are almost inelastic, while those of thermal origin are greatly influenced by the level of income. Regarding CO2 emissions, the percentage of emissions of electrical origin with respect to total emissions is higher than that of thermal origin. In addition, the lower the income, the higher the percentage of emissions of electrical origin.

Optimization of the Energy Consumption Through Spring Balancing of Servo-Actuated Mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Richiedei ◽  
Alberto Trevisani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Power Electronic ◽  
Electrical Energy Consumption ◽  
Rotating Beam ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Gravity Forces ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Energetic Point

Abstract The ever-growing interest toward energy efficiency imposes the optimization of mechanism design under an energetic point of view. Even if the benefit of using spring balancing systems to reduce energy consumption is intuitive, the relation between spring design and electrical energy consumption has never been systematically addressed in the literature, which is mainly focused on static compensation of gravity forces. This paper tackles this novel and important issue and proposes an analytical method for model-based design of springs minimizing the energy required in rest-to-rest motion. The method relies on the model of energy dissipation that accounts for the characteristics of the mechanical, electrical, and power electronic components of a servo-actuated mechanism. The theory is developed with reference to a single rotating beam. The proposed solution ensures significant energy saving compared with the traditional static balancing design of springs and is particularly suitable for repetitive (cyclic) motion tasks.

scholarly journals Household Characteristics That Influence Simple Household Demand on Electricity

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Tongam Sihol Nababan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Household Demand ◽  
City Center ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Electric Energy Consumption ◽  
The City ◽  
Electricity Energy Consumption

This research aims to analyze the characteristics of households that affect the electric energy consumption of simple households. The second objective is to analyze the probability of each of the factors affecting the electricity energy consumption of small household. The research was conducted in Medan City in the period of March 2014 to November 2014 with samples of 143 small households, the customer of PT. PLN (Persero) Medan, which use the power of electricity for TR-1 /450VA. Data were analyzed by using the logistic regression model. The estimation results indicated that (1) the higher the willingnes to pay (WTP) of households, the higher the tendency to consume elec trical energy per month. (2) the closer the households residence to the city center, the higher the tendency to consume electrical energy than of the households residence in the suburbs, (3) increasingly unfavourable response to electrical quality, the higher the opportunity to consume a greater electric power monthly.

scholarly journals An IoT Integrated Tool to Enhance User Awareness on Energy Consumption in Residential Buildings

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Dell’Isola ◽  
Giorgio Ficco ◽  
Laura Canale ◽  
Boris Palella ◽  
Giovanni Puglisi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Time Data ◽  
European Directive ◽  
User Awareness ◽  
Minimum Criteria

Unaware behaviors of occupants can affect energy consumption even more than incorrect installations and building envelope inefficiencies, with significant overconsumptions widely documented. Real time data and an effective and frequent billing of actual consumptions are required to reach an adequate awareness of energy consumption. From this point of view, the European Directive 2012/27/EU already imposed the use of metering and sub-metering systems, setting the minimum criteria for billing and related information based on real energy consumption data. To assess the ability of buildings to exploit new information and communication technologies (ICT) and sensitize both landlords and tenants to related savings, the new European Directive 2018/844/EU promotes the use of a smart readiness indicator. At the same time, basic information about indoor thermal comfort should be also gathered, aimed at avoiding that an excessive saving tendency can determine the onset of issues related to excessively low internal temperatures. In this paper, the authors address the problem of gathering, processing, and transmitting energy consumption and basic indoor air temperature data in the framework of an Internet of Things (IoT) integrated tool aimed at increasing residential user awareness through the use of consumption and benchmark indexes. Two case-studies in which thermal and electrical energy monitoring systems have been tested are presented and discussed. Finally, the suitability of the communication of energy consumption in terms of temporal, spatial, and typological aggregation has been evaluated.

MENAKSIR MERAUKE SEBAGAI KOTA YANG SEDANG BERKEMBANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Wayrohi Meilvidiri ◽  
Rizka Jafar
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Density Data ◽  
The Third ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Electrical Energy Production ◽  
The City

This study is to answer whether the city of Merauke is developing or not by using the prerequisite concept of agriculture surplus, urban production and transportation to exchange. The Data used is the value of agricultural, industrial and electrical energy production; and motor vehicles. Population and population density data, the county capital mileage to the district capital, and road conditions as supporting data. Qualitative descriptive is used to describe, and analyze the data to draw conclusions based on the concepts and facts found. Findings of this study that the first prerequisite, agriculture surplus is fulfilled, while the second prerequisite, urban production, not fulfilled, the third requirement of transportation to exchange is also not fulfilled. It can be said that the city of Merauke using these three verses can not be said as a thriving city. Keywords: agriculture surplus, urban production, transportation to exchange

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