scholarly journals Youth Participation in Agriculture and Poverty Reduction in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7795
Author(s):  
Romanus Osabohien ◽  
Alexander Nimo Wiredu ◽  
Paul Matin Dontsop Nguezet ◽  
Djana Babatima Mignouna ◽  
Tahirou Abdoulaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Youth Participation ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Household Assets ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Hired Labor ◽  
Daily Wage ◽  
The Impact

With data from 683 systematically selected households, the study employed the Heckman two-stage model and the propensity score matching method (PSM) to examine the impact of youth participation in agriculture as a primary occupation on income and poverty in Nigeria. The results indicate that the gender of the youth and their determination to stay in agriculture significantly increases the probability that youth will participate in agriculture as a primary occupation. In addition, youth participation in agriculture as a main occupation contributes significantly to per capita household income and has the likelihood to reduce poverty by 17%. The daily wage rate of hired labor and the total farmland owned are the variables that positively explained the per capita income. Poverty was reduced by market access, having agriculture as a primary occupation, income from agricultural production, the total monetary value of all the household assets, determination to remain in agriculture, and the square of the respondents’ age. These results imply that creating employment for youth by engaging them in agriculture as a full-time occupation can increase their income and reduce poverty. However, the promotion of other secondary occupations, land, and market access is also vital.

scholarly journals The Impact of Integrated Management for Salt Tolerant Forage Production on Small Farmers Poverty Egypt Case Study (Sahl El-Tina)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 825
Author(s):  
Sherine Fathy Mansour ◽  
Dalia Elsaid Abozaid
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
Farming Household ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of New Integrated Management Package (IMP) adoption on income and poverty among fodder farming household in Sahl El-Tina. The IMP such as Rate, time, and methods of nitrogen fertilization and other fertilization, Leaching requirements for some crops, Intercropping system, Use of suitable crop genotype/variety, Use of modern irrigation systems or modified systems to save water, date, rate and method of planting. The study aims mainly to improve the lives of small farmers through the level of dissemination and application of cultivation techniques forage crops tolerant to salinity through develop and disseminate technologies packages of forage production. And reducing their probability of falling below the poverty line. Therefore suggest that intensification of the investment on IMP dissemination is a reasonable policy instrument to raise incomes and reduce poverty among fodder farming household. It used instrumental variables (IV)-based estimator to estimate the Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) of adoption of IMP on income and poverty reduction, using cross-sectional data of 200 farmers from Shal El-Tina. The findings reveal a robust positive and significant impact of IMP adoption on farm household income and welfare measured by per capita expenditure and poverty reduction. Specifically, the empirical results suggest that adoption of IMP raises household per capita expenditure and income by an average of 529.27$ and 1371$ in Shal El-Tina per cropping season respectively, thereby reducing their probability of falling below the poverty line. Therefore suggest that intensification of the investment on IMP dissemination is a reasonable policy instrument to raise incomes and reduce poverty among fodder farming household, although complementary measures are also needed. The incidence of poverty was higher among non-IMP adopters (55.2%) than IMP adopters (49.5%). In addition, both the depth and severity of poverty were also higher (20.85% and 15.42%) among non-adopters than the adopters (18.48% and 9.88%). All three poverty measures indicate that poverty was more prevalent and severe among non-adopters compared to adopters.

The Impact of Social Transfers on Income Poverty and Material Deprivation

2018 ◽  
pp. 85-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geranda Notten ◽  
Anne-Catherine Guio
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Material Deprivation ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Social Transfers ◽  
The Impact

In 2010, the European Union (EU) committed to lifting at least 20 million people out of poverty and social exclusion, using income poverty, severe material deprivation, and (quasi-)joblessness as metrics to measure progress on this goal. As part of a broader set of commonly agreed indicators, the EU also (crudely) measures the impact of transfers by comparing income poverty rates before and after social transfers. This chapter develops a regression approach to study the effects of transfers on material deprivation by predicting the material deprivation rate before social transfers. We apply the method to pre-recession and post-austerity EU-SILC data for Germany, Greece, Poland, and the United Kingdom. We find that, in addition to reducing income poverty, transfers substantially reduce the extent and depth of material deprivation. Changes in social transfers, therefore, have a twofold effect on Europe’s poverty-reduction target.

Eligibility to Use the Fund's Facilities for Concessinal Financing

Policy Papers ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Market Access ◽  
National Income ◽  
Gross National Income ◽  
Small States ◽  
Executive Directors ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Small Countries ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
One Year

During the 2012 Review of Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust (PRGT) Eligibility, Executive Directors expressed a number of concerns about the eligibility framework. The Board decided to bring forward the next review of eligibility by one year, to early 2013, in light of these concerns. In particular, Directors called for the review to assess: Possible shortcomings of the gross national income (GNI) per capita criterion in the case of small states, and whether additional or alternative variables should be used to better capture members‘ circumstances, particularly those of small states; as well as further options to enhance the flexibility of the PRGT-eligibility framework to cover small and very small countries; The application of the short-term vulnerabilities criterion for graduation, which can lead to repeated non-graduation of members that meet either the income or the market access criteria for graduation.

scholarly journals The Impact of Remittances on Poverty Alleviation in Selected Emerging Markets

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunofiwa Tsaurai
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Migrant Remittances ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Poverty Levels

The study explored the impact of remittances on poverty in selected emerging markets. On the theoretical front, the optimistic view argued that remittances inflow into the labour exporting country reduces poverty whereas the pessimistic view proponents said that remittances dependence syndrome retards both economic growth and income per capita. Separately, using two measures of poverty [the poverty headcount ratio at US $1.90 and US $3.10 a day (% of population)] as dependent variables, the fixed effects approach produced results which supported the remittances led poverty reduction (optimistic) hypothesis whereas the pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) framework found that remittances inflow into the selected emerging markets led to an increase in poverty levels. The implication of the findings is that emerging markets should put in place policies that attract migrant remittances in order to reduce poverty levels. They should avoid over‑reliance on remittances as that might retard economic growth and income per capita.

scholarly journals The Impact of Intergovernmental Transfers on Education Outcomes and Poverty Reduction

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Litschig ◽  
Kevin M Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Government Spending ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Crowding Out ◽  
Intergovernmental Transfers ◽  
Education Outcomes ◽  
Revenue Sources ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

This paper provides regression discontinuity evidence on development impacts of intergovernmental transfers. Extra transfers in Brazil increased local government spending per capita by about 20 percent over a 4 year period with no evidence of crowding out own revenue or other revenue sources. Schooling per capita increased by about 7 percent and literacy rates by about 4 percentage points. In line with the effect on human capital, the poverty rate was reduced by about 4 percentage points. Somewhat noisier results also suggest that the reelection probability of local incumbent parties in the 1988 elections improved by about 10 percentage points. (JEL H72, H75, I21, I28, I32, I38, O15)

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Government Initiatives on Reducing Poverty amongst Women at Professor Dora Akunyili Women Development Centre in Anambra State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1462-1469
Author(s):  
Onugu Charles U ◽  
Anumudu Oluchi O ◽  
Obianefo Chukwujekwu A
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Development Centre ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Household Assets ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact

The study examined the impact of Government Initiatives of reducing poverty amongst women in Anambra state based on a case study of Professor Dora Akunyili Women Development centre. The paper focused on the activities of the centre in championing poverty reduction among women. A wellstructured questionnaire was used to elicit information from randomly selected 112 trainees for the study. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage and mean were used. Percentage difference was equally used to ascertain the difference in poverty status of women before and after the training. The study showed that the trainees had mean income of N50,405.56 and N151,338.89 before and after the training; mean savings before and after the training was N35,741.11 and N48,150.00; mean expenditure on household food was N21,266.67 and N38,111.11 before and after the training; mean expenditure on household health before and after the training was ₦26,000.00 and ₦28,927.78, while mean expenditure on household assets acquisition before and after the training was ₦27,811.11 and ₦55,075.00 respectively. The major challenges faced by the trainees were administrative bottlenecks and bureaucracy in the release of capital funds, late arrival of materials used for the training, among others.

scholarly journals The Impact of Tariff Reduction on Poverty in Indonesia: Regional Level Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-73
Author(s):  
Rizka Aulia ◽  
Kangkook Lee
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Tariff Reduction ◽  
Intermediate Inputs ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tariff Reductions ◽  
Combining Information ◽  
Level Analysis

The study examines the effect of trade liberalization on poverty reduction across districts in Indonesia during the period from 2000 to 2016 using the fixed effect approach. Tariff exposure is used to measure trade liberalization, which is computed at the district level by combining information on sector composition of the economy in each district and tariff lines by sectors. This study also distinguishes between tariff exposure for output products and intermediate inputs. This produces a measure indicating how changes in exposure to tariff reductions in outputs and inputs vary by region over the period. Due to the available multi-district and 17-year dataset, the study includes a set of fixed effects: the district-fixed effects and the time-fixed effects, which controls for aggregate time trend. The results indicate that the impact of output and input tariff on regional poverty headcount index (P0) is different. Output tariff has a negative correlation with poverty, while input tariff has a positive correlation with poverty. This suggests that trade liberalization in input sectors could reduce poverty in Indonesia. It is also found that GRDP per capita, literacy rates, and road length are negatively associated with poverty. Also, the effect of reducing input tariffs on poverty reduction will be larger if the districts have higher GRDP per capita and higher literacy rates.

scholarly journals International Trade and North-Sumatra’s Local Economy

JEJAK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-337
Author(s):  
Jongkers Tampubolon ◽  
Tongam Sihol Nababan
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Export Structure ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
North Sumatra

North Sumatra is one of the provinces in Indonesia with high levels of economic openness. On average, since 2000, the contribution of export value to the Regional GDP reached 40 % and import value of 28%. Using Granger causality method, the study aims to investigate causal relations between international trade and North Sumatra’s local economy especially the impact of exports and imports on Regional GDP, Regional GDP per capita, employment and poverty reduction. The empirical results of present study discovered that (i) the exports and imports respectively have positive and significant impact on regional GDP, regional GDP per capita, employment and poverty reduction, (ii) there is a bi-directional causality between imports and regional GDP, where GDP growth rate would boost imports over-proportionally, (iii) both exports and imports are dominated by intermediate goods as the raw materials for further processing industry, (iv) export structure which is dominated by the agricultural-based intermediate good is proverty-reduction through factor market in the upstream sector making the rural peoples benefited from the exports.

scholarly journals Does Financial Development Lead to Poverty Reduction in China? Time Series Evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sin-Yu Ho ◽  
Bernard Njindan Iyke
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Private Credit ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

The impact of financial development on poverty reduction has received attention in the literature recently. While the connection between financial development and poverty may appear straight forward in theory, in empirics it may be much complicated. This study attempted at empirically assessing the causal links between financial development and poverty reduction in China for the period 1985–2014. The study used the Toda-Yamamoto causality test to avoid pretesting bias that has featured majority of the existing studies. The study utilized two standard proxies for financial development, namely: the domestic private credit by banks as percentage of GDP, and money supply (M2) as percentage of GDP; and a standard proxy for poverty reduction namely: the household final consumption expenditure per capita growth (annual percentage). The study found a bidirectional causal flow between financial development and poverty reduction, implying that the causal flow between these important variables is independent of the proxy for financial development. This means that financial sector reforms and poverty reduction programs are more of “win-win” strategies in the case of China. Therefore policymakers in China should continue to implement robust financial sector reforms and poverty reduction strategies.

scholarly journals Var Modelling of Dynamics of Poverty, Unemployment, Literacy and Per Capita Income in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
Adefemi Alamu Obalade ◽  
Ayooluwade Ebiwonjumi ◽  
Anthony Olugbenga Adaramola
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Var Model ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Research background: Poverty, unemployment, literacy and per capita income are intertwined. However, there seems to be a disconnect between literacy and good living in Nigeria. Purpose: This study investigated the dynamic relationship between poverty, unemployment, literacy and per capita income in Nigeria by examining the impact, shocks and responses among these identified variables. Research methodology: The secondary data on poverty, unemployment and literacy rates were extracted from the National Bureau of Statistics and per capita income was extracted from the World Bank Annual Report. A vector autoregressive (VAR) model of lag order (4) was adopted for the study. Results: The results revealed that poverty rate is an increasing function of unemployment rate and literacy rate and a reducing function of per capita income. The results further showed that dynamics of poverty is affected by shocks in unemployment rate, literacy rate and per capita income. Novelty: Therefore, the study concluded that literacy rate fails as a vital tool for poverty reduction and that the high rate of unemployment results in chronic poverty. The application of VAR to untangle the interrelationship among the variables, without doubt, adds to the literature on the uses of the VAR model.

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